Demonstrating an unconditional separation between quantum and classical information resources

Understand

A longstanding goal in quantum information science is to demonstrate quantum computations that cannot be feasibly reproduced on a classical computer.

• Such demonstrations mark major milestones: they showcase fine control over quantum systems and are prerequisites for useful quantum computation.
• To date, quantum advantage has been demonstrated, for example, through violations of Bell inequalities and sampling-based quantum supremacy experiments.
• However, both forms of advantage come with important caveats: Bell tests are not computationally difficult tasks, and the classical hardness of sampling experiments relies on unproven complexity-theoretic assumptions.