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AutoRegressive (AR) models have made notable progress in image generation, with Masked AutoRegressive (MAR) models gaining attention for their efficient parallel decoding.
Imagenet: A large-scale hierarchical image database
Jia Deng, Wei Dong, Richard Socher, Li-Jia Li, Kai Li, and Li Fei-Fei · 2009
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Gans trained by a two time-scale update rule converge to a local nash equilibrium
Martin Heusel, Hubert Ramsauer, Thomas Unterthiner, Bernhard Nessler, and Sepp Hochreiter · 2017
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Neural discrete representation learning
Aaron Van Den Oord, Oriol Vinyals, et al · 2017
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Attention is all you need
A Vaswani · 2017
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Bert: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding
Jacob Devlin Ming-Wei Chang Kenton and Lee Kristina Toutanova · 2019
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Improved precision and recall metric for assessing generative models
Tuomas Kynkäänniemi, Tero Karras, Samuli Laine, Jaakko Lehtinen, and Timo Aila · 2019
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Generating diverse high-fidelity images with vq-vae-2
Ali Razavi, Aaron Van den Oord, and Oriol Vinyals · 2019
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Language models are few-shot learners
Tom Brown, Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, Melanie Subbiah, Jared D Kaplan, Prafulla Dhariwal, Arvind Neelakantan, Pranav Shyam, Girish Sastry, Amanda Askell, et al · 2020
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Language models are few-shot learners
Tom B Brown · 2020
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Diffusion models beat gans on image synthesis
Prafulla Dhariwal and Alexander Nichol · 2021
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Cogview: Mastering text-to-image generation via transformers
Ming Ding, Zhuoyi Yang, Wenyi Hong, Wendi Zheng, Chang Zhou, Da Yin, Junyang Lin, Xu Zou, Zhou Shao, Hongxia Yang, et al · 2021
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Taming transformers for high-resolution image synthesis
Patrick Esser, Robin Rombach, and Bjorn Ommer · 2021
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Classifier-free diffusion guidance
Jonathan Ho and Tim Salimans · 2021
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Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervision
Alec Radford, Jong Wook Kim, Chris Hallacy, Aditya Ramesh, Gabriel Goh, Sandhini Agarwal, Girish Sastry, Amanda Askell, Pamela Mishkin, Jack Clark, et al · 2021
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Maskgit: Masked generative image transformer
Huiwen Chang, Han Zhang, Lu Jiang, Ce Liu, and William T Freeman · 2022
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Autoregressive image generation using residual quantization
Doyup Lee, Chiheon Kim, Saehoon Kim, Minsu Cho, and Wook-Shin Han · 2022
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Improved masked image generation with token-critic
José Lezama, Huiwen Chang, Lu Jiang, and Irfan Essa · 2022
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Chatgpt: Optimizing language models for dialogue, 2022
OpenAI · 2022
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High-resolution image synthesis with latent diffusion models
Robin Rombach, Andreas Blattmann, Dominik Lorenz, Patrick Esser, and Björn Ommer · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Scaling autoregressive models for content-rich text-to-image generation
Jiahui Yu, Yuanzhong Xu, Jing Yu Koh, Thang Luong, Gunjan Baid, Zirui Wang, Vijay Vasudevan, Alexander Ku, Yinfei Yang, Burcu Karagol Ayan, et al · 2022
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Josh Achiam, Steven Adler, Sandhini Agarwal, Lama Ahmad, Ilge Akkaya, Florencia Leoni Aleman, Diogo Almeida, Janko Altenschmidt, Sam Altman, Shyamal Anadkat, et al · 2023
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A pytorch reproduction of masked generative image transformer
Victor Besnier and Mickael Chen · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Llama: Open and efficient foundation language models
Hugo Touvron, Thibaut Lavril, Gautier Izacard, Xavier Martinet, Marie-Anne Lachaux, Timothée Lacroix, Baptiste Rozière, Naman Goyal, Eric Hambro, Faisal Azhar, et al · 2023
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Language model beats diffusion-tokenizer is key to visual generation
Lijun Yu, Jose Lezama, Nitesh Bharadwaj Gundavarapu, Luca Versari, Kihyuk Sohn, David Minnen, Yong Cheng, Agrim Gupta, Xiuye Gu, Alexander G Hauptmann, et al · 2023
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Geneval: An object-focused framework for evaluating text-to-image alignment
Dhruba Ghosh, Hannaneh Hajishirzi, and Ludwig Schmidt · 2024
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Google text-to-speech
Google · 2024
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Open-magvit2: An open-source project toward democratizing auto-regressive visual generation
Zhuoyan Luo, Fengyuan Shi, Yixiao Ge, Yujiu Yang, Limin Wang, and Ying Shan · 2024
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Muse: Text-to-image generation via masked generative transformers
Huiwen Chang, Han Zhang, Jarred Barber, Aaron Maschinot, Jose Lezama, Lu Jiang, Ming-Hsuan Yang, Kevin Patrick Murphy, William T Freeman, Michael Rubinstein, et al · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Pixart- α \alpha : Fast training of diffusion transformer for photorealistic text-to-image synthesis
Junsong Chen, Jincheng Yu, Chongjian Ge, Lewei Yao, Enze Xie, Yue Wu, Zhongdao Wang, James Kwok, Ping Luo, Huchuan Lu, et al · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Scaling vision transformers to 22 billion parameters
Mostafa Dehghani, Josip Djolonga, Basil Mustafa, Piotr Padlewski, Jonathan Heek, Justin Gilmer, Andreas Peter Steiner, Mathilde Caron, Robert Geirhos, Ibrahim Alabdulmohsin, et al · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Mage: Masked generative encoder to unify representation learning and image synthesis
Tianhong Li, Huiwen Chang, Shlok Mishra, Han Zhang, Dina Katabi, and Dilip Krishnan · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Video-llava: Learning united visual representation by alignment before projection
Bin Lin, Bin Zhu, Yang Ye, Munan Ning, Peng Jin, and Li Yuan · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Haotian Liu, Chunyuan Li, Qingyang Wu, and Yong Jae Lee · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Openllama 3b
OpenLM-Research · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Introducing meta llama 3: The most capable openly available llm to date
AI Meta · 2024
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Autoregressive model beats diffusion: Llama for scalable image generation
Peize Sun, Yi Jiang, Shoufa Chen, Shilong Zhang, Bingyue Peng, Ping Luo, and Zehuan Yuan · 2024
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Chameleon: Mixed-modal early-fusion foundation models
Chameleon Team · 2024
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Gemma 2: Improving open language models at a practical size
Gemma Team, Morgane Riviere, Shreya Pathak, Pier Giuseppe Sessa, Cassidy Hardin, Surya Bhupatiraju, Léonard Hussenot, Thomas Mesnard, Bobak Shahriari, Alexandre Ramé, et al · 2024
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Towards understanding the working mechanism of text-to-image diffusion model
Mingyang Yi, Aoxue Li, Yi Xin, and Zhenguo Li · 2024
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Lumina-next: Making lumina-t2x stronger and faster with next-dit
Le Zhuo, Ruoyi Du, Han Xiao, Yangguang Li, Dongyang Liu, Rongjie Huang, Wenze Liu, Lirui Zhao, Fu-Yun Wang, Zhanyu Ma, et al · 2024
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Text to image generation with bidirectional multiway transformers
Hangbo Bao, Li Dong, Songhao Piao, and Furu Wei · 2025
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Lumina-t2x: Transforming text into any modality, resolution, and duration via flow-based large diffusion transformers
Peng Gao, Le Zhuo, Ziyi Lin, Chris Liu, Junsong Chen, Ruoyi Du, Enze Xie, Xu Luo, Longtian Qiu, Yuhang Zhang, et al · 2025
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Lumina-image 2.0: A unified and efficient image generative framework
Qi Qin, Le Zhuo, Yi Xin, Ruoyi Du, Zhen Li, Bin Fu, Yiting Lu, Jiakang Yuan, Xinyue Li, Dongyang Liu, et al · 2025
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Lumina-mgpt 2.0: Stand-alone autoregressive image modeling, 2025
Alpha VLLM Team · 2025
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From reflection to perfection: Scaling inference-time optimization for text-to-image diffusion models via reflection tuning
Le Zhuo, Liangbing Zhao, Sayak Paul, Yue Liao, Renrui Zhang, Yi Xin, Peng Gao, Mohamed Elhoseiny, and Hongsheng Li · 2025
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