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Unified multimodal large language models such as Show-o and Janus have achieved strong performance across both generation and understanding tasks.
Proximal policy optimization algorithms
John Schulman, Filip Wolski, Prafulla Dhariwal, Alec Radford, and Oleg Klimov · 2017
Earlier work this paper cites.
Mmdetection: Open mmlab detection toolbox and benchmark
Kai Chen, Jiaqi Wang, Jiangmiao Pang, Yuhang Cao, Yu Xiong, Xiaoxiao Li, Shuyang Sun, Wansen Feng, Ziwei Liu, Jiarui Xu, Zheng Zhang, Dazhi Cheng, Chenchen Zhu, Tianheng Cheng, Qijie Zhao, Buyu Li, Xin Lu, Rui Zhu, Yue Wu, Jifeng Dai, Jingdong Wang, Jianping Shi, Wanli Ouyang, Chen Change Loy, and Dahua Lin · 2019
Earlier work this paper cites.
An image is worth 16x16 words: Transformers for image recognition at scale
Alexey Dosovitskiy, Lucas Beyer, Alexander Kolesnikov, Dirk Weissenborn, Xiaohua Zhai, Thomas Unterthiner, Mostafa Dehghani, Matthias Minderer, Georg Heigold, Sylvain Gelly, Jakob Uszkoreit, and Neil Houlsby · 2021
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Taming transformers for high-resolution image synthesis
Patrick Esser, Robin Rombach, and Bjorn Ommer · 2021
Earlier work this paper cites.
Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervision
Alec Radford, Jong Wook Kim, Chris Hallacy, Aditya Ramesh, Gabriel Goh, Sandhini Agarwal, Girish Sastry, Amanda Askell, Pamela Mishkin, Jack Clark, Gretchen Krueger, and Ilya Sutskever · 2021
Earlier work this paper cites.
Masked-attention mask transformer for universal image segmentation
Bowen Cheng, Ishan Misra, Alexander G. Schwing, Alexander Kirillov, and Rohit Girdhar · 2022
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Gemini: A family of highly capable multimodal models
Rohan Anil, Sebastian Borgeaud, Yonghui Wu, Jean-Baptiste Alayrac, Jiahui Yu, Radu Soricut, Johan Schalkwyk, Andrew M Dai, Anja Hauth, Katie Millican, et al · 2023
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Qwen-vl: A frontier large vision-language model with versatile abilities
Jinze Bai, Shuai Bai, Shusheng Yang, Shijie Wang, Sinan Tan, Peng Wang, Junyang Lin, Chang Zhou, and Jingren Zhou · 2023
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Geneval: An object-focused framework for evaluating text-to-image alignment
Dhruba Ghosh, Hannaneh Hajishirzi, and Ludwig Schmidt · 2023
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Evaluating object hallucination in large vision-language models
Yifan Li, Yifan Du, Kun Zhou, Jinpeng Wang, Wayne Xin Zhao, and Ji-Rong Wen · 2023
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Textbooks are all you need ii: phi-1.5 technical report
Yuanzhi Li, Sébastien Bubeck, Ronen Eldan, Allie Del Giorno, Suriya Gunasekar, and Yin Tat Lee · 2023
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Direct preference optimization: Your language model is secretly a reward model
Rafael Rafailov, Archit Sharma, Eric Mitchell, Christopher D. Manning, Stefano Ermon, and Chelsea Finn · 2023
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Journeydb: A benchmark for generative image understanding
Keqiang Sun, Junting Pan, Yuying Ge, Hao Li, Haodong Duan, Xiaoshi Wu, Renrui Zhang, Aojun Zhou, Zipeng Qin, Yi Wang, Jifeng Dai, Yu Qiao, Limin Wang, and Hongsheng Li · 2023
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Emu: Generative pretraining in multimodality
Quan Sun, Qiying Yu, Yufeng Cui, Fan Zhang, Xiaosong Zhang, Yueze Wang, Hongcheng Gao, Jingjing Liu, Tiejun Huang, and Xinlong Wang · 2023
Earlier work this paper cites.
Llama: Open and efficient foundation language models
Hugo Touvron, Thibaut Lavril, Gautier Izacard, Xavier Martinet, Marie-Anne Lachaux, Timothée Lacroix, Baptiste Rozière, Naman Goyal, Eric Hambro, Faisal Azhar, Aurélien Rodriguez, Armand Joulin, Edouard Grave, and Guillaume Lample · 2023
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Next-gpt: Any-to-any multimodal llm
Shengqiong Wu, Hao Fei, Leigang Qu, Wei Ji, and Tat-Seng Chua · 2023
Earlier work this paper cites.
Phi-3 technical report: A highly capable language model locally on your phone
Marah Abdin, Sam Ade Jacobs, Ammar Ahmad Awan, Jyoti Aneja, Ahmed Awadallah, Hany Awadalla, Nguyen Bach, Amit Bahree, Arash Bakhtiari, Harkirat Behl, et al · 2024
Earlier work this paper cites.
Davidsonian scene graph: Improving reliability in fine-grained evaluation for text-to-image generation
Jaemin Cho, Yushi Hu, Jason M. Baldridge, Roopal Garg, Peter Anderson, Ranjay Krishna, Mohit Bansal, Jordi Pont-Tuset, and Su Wang · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
DreamLLM: Synergistic multimodal comprehension and creation
Runpei Dong, Chunrui Han, Yuang Peng, Zekun Qi, Zheng Ge, Jinrong Yang, Liang Zhao, Jianjian Sun, Hongyu Zhou, Haoran Wei, Xiangwen Kong, Xiangyu Zhang, Kaisheng Ma, and Li Yi · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Seed-x: Multimodal models with unified multi-granularity comprehension and generation
Yuying Ge, Sijie Zhao, Jinguo Zhu, Yixiao Ge, Kun Yi, Lin Song, Chen Li, Xiaohan Ding, and Ying Shan · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Orthus: Autoregressive interleaved image-text generation with modality-specific heads
Siqi Kou, Jiachun Jin, Chang Liu, Ye Ma, Jian Jia, Quan Chen, Peng Jiang, and Zhijie Deng · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Metamorph: Multimodal understanding and generation via instruction tuning
Shengbang Tong, David Fan, Jiachen Zhu, Yunyang Xiong, Xinlei Chen, Koustuv Sinha, Michael Rabbat, Yann LeCun, Saining Xie, and Zhuang Liu · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
Emu3: Next-token prediction is all you need
Xinlong Wang, Xiaosong Zhang, Zhengxiong Luo, Quan Sun, Yufeng Cui, Jinsheng Wang, Fan Zhang, Yueze Wang, Zhen Li, Qiying Yu, et al · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
Janus: Decoupling visual encoding for unified multimodal understanding and generation
Chengyue Wu, Xiaokang Chen, Zhiyu Wu, Yiyang Ma, Xingchao Liu, Zizheng Pan, Wen Liu, Zhenda Xie, Xingkai Yu, Chong Ruan, and Ping Luo · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
Liquid: Language models are scalable multi-modal generators
Junfeng Wu, Yi Jiang, Chuofan Ma, Yuliang Liu, Hengshuang Zhao, Zehuan Yuan, Song Bai, and Xiang Bai · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
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Hao Li, Changyao Tian, Jie Shao, Xizhou Zhu, Zhaokai Wang, Jinguo Zhu, Wenhan Dou, Xiaogang Wang, Hongsheng Li, Lewei Lu, and Jifeng Dai · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Omniflow: Any-to-any generation with multi-modal rectified flows
Shufan Li, Konstantinos Kallidromitis, Akash Gokul, Zichun Liao, Yusuke Kato, Kazuki Kozuka, and Aditya Grover · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Dongyang Liu, Shitian Zhao, Le Zhuo, Weifeng Lin, Yu Qiao, Hongsheng Li, and Peng Gao · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
World model on million-length video and language with ringattention
Hao Liu, Wilson Yan, Matei Zaharia, and Pieter Abbeel · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Llava-next: Improved reasoning, ocr, and world knowledge, 2024
Haotian Liu, Chunyuan Li, Yuheng Li, Bo Li, Yuanhan Zhang, Sheng Shen, and Yong Jae Lee · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Visual instruction tuning
Haotian Liu, Chunyuan Li, Qingyang Wu, and Yong Jae Lee · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Yiyang Ma, Xingchao Liu, Xiaokang Chen, Wen Liu, Chengyue Wu, Zhiyu Wu, Zizheng Pan, Zhenda Xie, Haowei Zhang, Liang Zhao, et al · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Tokenflow: Unified image tokenizer for multimodal understanding and generation
Liao Qu, Huichao Zhang, Yiheng Liu, Xu Wang, Yi Jiang, Yiming Gao, Hu Ye, Daniel K. Du, Zehuan Yuan, and Xinglong Wu · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
VILA-U: a unified foundation model integrating visual understanding and generation
Yecheng Wu, Zhuoyang Zhang, Junyu Chen, Haotian Tang, Dacheng Li, Yunhao Fang, Ligeng Zhu, Enze Xie, Hongxu Yin, Li Yi, Song Han, and Yao Lu · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
Show-o: One single transformer to unify multimodal understanding and generation
Jinheng Xie, Weijia Mao, Zechen Bai, David Junhao Zhang, Weihao Wang, Kevin Qinghong Lin, Yuchao Gu, Zhijie Chen, Zhenheng Yang, and Mike Zheng Shou · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
MMMU: A massive multi-discipline multimodal understanding and reasoning benchmark for expert AGI
Xiang Yue, Yuansheng Ni, Tianyu Zheng, Kai Zhang, Ruoqi Liu, Ge Zhang, Samuel Stevens, Dongfu Jiang, Weiming Ren, Yuxuan Sun, Cong Wei, Botao Yu, Ruibin Yuan, Renliang Sun, Ming Yin, Boyuan Zheng, Zhenzhu Yang, Yibo Liu, Wenhao Huang, Huan Sun, Yu Su, and Wenhu Chen · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
Transfusion: Predict the next token and diffuse images with one multi-modal model
Chunting Zhou, Lili Yu, Arun Babu, Kushal Tirumala, Michihiro Yasunaga, Leonid Shamis, Jacob Kahn, Xuezhe Ma, Luke Zettlemoyer, and Omer Levy · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
Sft or rl? an early investigation into training r1-like reasoning large vision-language models
Hardy Chen, Haoqin Tu, Fali Wang, Hui Liu, Xianfeng Tang, Xinya Du, Yuyin Zhou, and Cihang Xie · 2025
Closest in time.
Janus-pro: Unified multimodal understanding and generation with data and model scaling
Xiaokang Chen, Zhiyu Wu, Xingchao Liu, Zizheng Pan, Wen Liu, Zhenda Xie, Xingkai Yu, and Chong Ruan · 2025
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Can we generate images with cot? let’s verify and reinforce image generation step by step
Ziyu Guo, Renrui Zhang, Chengzhuo Tong, Zhizheng Zhao, Peng Gao, Hongsheng Li, and Pheng-Ann Heng · 2025
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Imagine while reasoning in space: Multimodal visualization-of-thought
Chengzu Li, Wenshan Wu, Huanyu Zhang, Yan Xia, Shaoguang Mao, Li Dong, Ivan Vulic, and Furu Wei · 2025
Closest in time.
Unimod: Efficient unified multimodal transformers with mixture-of-depths
Weijia Mao, Zhenheng Yang, and Mike Zheng Shou · 2025
Closest in time.
An Yang, Bowen Yu, Chengyuan Li, Dayiheng Liu, Fei Huang, Haoyan Huang, Jiandong Jiang, Jianhong Tu, Jianwei Zhang, Jingren Zhou, Junyang Lin, Kai Dang, Kexin Yang, Le Yu, Mei Li, Minmin Sun, Qin Zhu, Rui Men, Tao He, Weijia Xu, Wenbiao Yin, Wenyuan Yu, Xiafei Qiu, Xingzhang Ren, Xinlong Yang, Yong Li, Zhiying Xu, and Zipeng Zhang · 2025
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Hermesflow: Seamlessly closing the gap in multimodal understanding and generation
Ling Yang, Xinchen Zhang, Ye Tian, Chenming Shang, Minghao Xu, Wentao Zhang, and Bin Cui · 2025
Closest in time.
Doracycle: Domain-oriented adaptation of unified generative model in multimodal cycles
Rui Zhao, Weijia Mao, and Mike Zheng Shou · 2025
Closest in time.