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The misuse of large language models (LLMs), such as academic plagiarism, has driven the development of detectors to identify LLM-generated texts.
Unifying human and statistical evaluation for natural language generation
Tatsunori B Hashimoto, Hugh Zhang, and Percy Liang. 2019 · 1904
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Gltr: Statistical detection and visualization of generated text
Sebastian Gehrmann, Hendrik Strobelt, and Alexander M Rush. 2019 · 1906
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Roberta: A robustly optimized bert pretraining approach
Yinhan Liu. 2019 · 1907
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Release strategies and the social impacts of language models
Irene Solaiman, Miles Brundage, Jack Clark, Amanda Askell, Ariel Herbert-Voss, Jeff Wu, Alec Radford, Gretchen Krueger, Jong Wook Kim, Sarah Kreps, and 1 others. 2019 · 1908
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A Primer of Real Analytic Functions , 2 edition
Steven G. Krantz and Harold R. Parks. 2002 · 2002
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Squad: 100,000+ questions for machine comprehension of text
P Rajpurkar. 2016 · 2016
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Shashi Narayan, Shay B Cohen, and Mirella Lapata. 2018 · 2018
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Paranmt-50m: Pushing the limits of paraphrastic sentence embeddings with millions of machine translations
John Wieting and Kevin Gimpel. 2018 · 2018
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Eli5: Long form question answering
Angela Fan, Yacine Jernite, Ethan Perez, David Grangier, Jason Weston, and Michael Auli. 2019 · 2019
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Language models are unsupervised multitask learners
Alec Radford, Jeffrey Wu, Rewon Child, David Luan, Dario Amodei, Ilya Sutskever, and 1 others. 2019 · 2019
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Generative adversarial networks
Ian Goodfellow, Jean Pouget-Abadie, Mehdi Mirza, Bing Xu, David Warde-Farley, Sherjil Ozair, Aaron Courville, and Yoshua Bengio. 2020 · 2020
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Exploring the limits of transfer learning with a unified text-to-text transformer
Colin Raffel, Noam Shazeer, Adam Roberts, Katherine Lee, Sharan Narang, Michael Matena, Yanqi Zhou, Wei Li, and Peter J Liu. 2020 · 2020
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Ai bot chatgpt writes smart essays-should academics worry?
Chris Stokel-Walker. 2022 · 2022
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Paraphrastic representations at scale
John Wieting, Kevin Gimpel, Graham Neubig, and Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick. 2022 · 2022
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Josh Achiam, Steven Adler, Sandhini Agarwal, Lama Ahmad, Ilge Akkaya, Florencia Leoni Aleman, Diogo Almeida, Janko Altenschmidt, Sam Altman, Shyamal Anadkat, and 1 others. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Radar: Robust ai-text detection via adversarial learning
Xiaomeng Hu, Pin-Yu Chen, and Tsung-Yi Ho. 2023 · 2023
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Paraphrasing evades detectors of ai-generated text, but retrieval is an effective defense
Kalpesh Krishna, Yixiao Song, Marzena Karpinska, John Wieting, and Mohit Iyyer. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Contrastive decoding: Open-ended text generation as optimization
Xiang Lisa Li, Ari Holtzman, Daniel Fried, Percy Liang, Jason Eisner, Tatsunori Hashimoto, Luke Zettlemoyer, and Mike Lewis. 2023 · 2023
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Large language models can be guided to evade ai-generated text detection
Ning Lu, Shengcai Liu, Rui He, Qi Wang, Yew-Soon Ong, and Ke Tang. 2023 · 2023
Zero-shot detection of llm-generated text using token cohesiveness
Shixuan Ma and Quan Wang. 2024 · 2024
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Raidar: generative ai detection via rewriting
Chengzhi Mao, Carl Vondrick, Hao Wang, and Junfeng Yang. 2024 · 2024
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Qwen2.5: A party of foundation models
Qwen. 2024 · 2024
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Red teaming language model detectors with language models
Zhouxing Shi, Yihan Wang, Fan Yin, Xiangning Chen, Kai-Wei Chang, and Cho-Jui Hsieh. 2024 · 2024
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Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of context
Gemini Team, Petko Georgiev, Ving Ian Lei, Ryan Burnell, Libin Bai, Anmol Gulati, Garrett Tanzer, Damien Vincent, Zhufeng Pan, Shibo Wang, and 1 others. 2024 · 2024
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Cited alongside, same era.
Detectgpt: Zero-shot machine-generated text detection using probability curvature
Eric Mitchell, Yoonho Lee, Alexander Khazatsky, Christopher D Manning, and Chelsea Finn. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Language model detectors are easily optimized against
Charlotte Nicks, Eric Mitchell, Rafael Rafailov, Archit Sharma, Christopher D Manning, Chelsea Finn, and Stefano Ermon. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Can ai-generated text be reliably detected?
Vinu Sankar Sadasivan, Aounon Kumar, Sriram Balasubramanian, Wenxiao Wang, and Soheil Feizi. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Claude-3.5-sonnet — anthropic.com
Anthropic. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Fast-detectgpt: Efficient zero-shot detection of machine-generated text via conditional probability curvature
Guangsheng Bao, Yanbin Zhao, Zhiyang Teng, Linyi Yang, and Yue Zhang. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Chatglm: A family of large language models from glm-130b to glm-4 all tools
Team GLM. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
The curious decline of linguistic diversity: Training language models on synthetic text
Yanzhu Guo, Guokan Shang, Michalis Vazirgiannis, and Chloé Clavel. 2024b · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Raft: Realistic attacks to fool text detectors
James Wang, Ran Li, Junfeng Yang, and Chengzhi Mao. 2024 · 2024
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Dna-gpt: Divergent n-gram analysis for training-free detection of gpt-generated text
Xianjun Yang, Wei Cheng, Yue Wu, Linda Ruth Petzold, William Yang Wang, and Haifeng Chen. 2024 · 2024
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Deepseek-r1: Incentivizing reasoning capability in llms via reinforcement learning
DeepSeek-AI. 2025 · 2025
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Hao Fang, Changle Zhou, Jiawei Kong, Kuofeng Gao, Bin Chen, Tao Liang, Guojun Ma, and Shu-Tao Xia. 2025 · 2025
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Jiawei Kong, Hao Fang, Xiaochen Yang, Kuofeng Gao, Bin Chen, Shu-Tao Xia, Yaowei Wang, and Min Zhang. 2025 · 2025
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Deep kernel relative test for machine-generated text detection
Yiliao Song, Zhenqiao Yuan, Shuhai Zhang, Zhen Fang, Jun Yu, and Feng Liu. 2025 · 2025
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Qwq-32b: Embracing the power of reinforcement learning
Qwen Team. 2025 · 2025
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Junxi Wu, Jinpeng Wang, Zheng Liu, Bin Chen, Dongjian Hu, Hao Wu, and Shu-Tao Xiu. 2025 · 2025
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