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Vision-language-action (VLA) models have shown promise as generalist robotic policies by jointly leveraging visual, linguistic, and proprioceptive modalities to generate action trajectories.
Reinforcement learning: An introduction
Richard S Sutton, Andrew G Barto, et al · 1998
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Standardizing experimental protocols
Marcel Schilling, Andrea C Pfeifer, Sebastian Bohl, and Ursula Klingmüller · 2008
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Mujoco: A physics engine for model-based control
Emanuel Todorov, Tom Erez, and Yuval Tassa · 2012
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Automated sample preparation
Mike May · 2016
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Meta-world: A benchmark and evaluation for multi-task and meta reinforcement learning
Tianhe Yu, Deirdre Quillen, Zhanpeng He, Ryan Julian, Karol Hausman, Chelsea Finn, and Sergey Levine · 2019
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Automation in the life science research laboratory
Ian Holland and Jamie A Davies · 2020
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robosuite: A modular simulation framework and benchmark for robot learning
Yuke Zhu, Josiah Wong, Ajay Mandlekar, Roberto Martín-Martín, Abhishek Joshi, Soroush Nasiriany, Yifeng Zhu, and Kevin Lin · 2020
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Pybullet, a python module for physics simulation for games, robotics and machine learning
Erwin Coumans and Yunfei Bai · 2021
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Factory: Fast contact for robotic assembly
Yashraj S. Narang, Kier Storey, Iretiayo Akinola, Miles Macklin, Philipp Reist, Lukasz Wawrzyniak, Yunrong Guo, Ádám Moravánszky, Gavriel State, Michelle Lu, Ankur Handa, and Dieter Fox · 2022
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Rt-2: Vision-language-action models transfer web knowledge to robotic control
Anthony Brohan, Noah Brown, Justice Carbajal, Yevgen Chebotar, Xi Chen, Krzysztof Choromanski, Tianli Ding, Danny Driess, Avinava Dubey, Chelsea Finn, et al · 2023
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Maniskill2: A unified benchmark for generalizable manipulation skills
Jiayuan Gu, Fanbo Xiang, Xuanlin Li, Zhan Ling, Xiqiang Liu, Tongzhou Mu, Yihe Tang, Stone Tao, Xinyue Wei, Yunchao Yao, Xiaodi Yuan, Pengwei Xie, Zhiao Huang, Rui Chen, and Hao Su · 2023
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3d gaussian splatting for real-time radiance field rendering
Bernhard Kerbl, Georgios Kopanas, Thomas Leimkühler, and George Drettakis · 2023
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Armbench: An object-centric benchmark dataset for robotic manipulation, 2023
Chaitanya Mitash, Fan Wang, Shiyang Lu, Vikedo Terhuja, Tyler Garaas, Felipe Polido, and Manikantan Nambi · 2023
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An autonomous laboratory for the accelerated synthesis of novel materials
Nathan J Szymanski, Bernardus Rendy, Yuxing Fei, Rishi E Kumar, Tanjin He, David Milsted, Matthew J McDermott, Max Gallant, Ekin Dogus Cubuk, Amil Merchant, et al · 2023
Chemistry3d: Robotic interaction benchmark for chemistry experiments
Shoujie Li, Yan Huang, Changqing Guo, Tong Wu, Jiawei Zhang, Linrui Zhang, and Wenbo Ding · 2024
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Self-driving laboratories to autonomously navigate the protein fitness landscape
Jacob T Rapp, Bennett J Bremer, and Philip A Romero · 2024
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Octo: An open-source generalist robot policy
Octo Model Team, Dibya Ghosh, Homer Walke, Karl Pertsch, Kevin Black, Oier Mees, Sudeep Dasari, Joey Hejna, Tobias Kreiman, Charles Xu, et al · 2024
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Self-driving laboratories for chemistry and materials science
Gary Tom, Stefan P Schmid, Sterling G Baird, Yang Cao, Kourosh Darvish, Han Hao, Stanley Lo, Sergio Pablo-García, Ella M Rajaonson, Marta Skreta, et al · 2024
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p i 0.5 pi_{0.5} : a vision-language-action model with open-world generalization
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π 0 \pi_{0} : A vision-language-action flow model for general robot control
Kevin Black, Noah Brown, Danny Driess, Adnan Esmail, Michael Equi, Chelsea Finn, Niccolo Fusai, Lachy Groom, Karol Hausman, Brian Ichter, et al · 2024
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Lerobot: State-of-the-art machine learning for real-world robotics in pytorch
Remi Cadene, Simon Alibert, Alexander Soare, Quentin Gallouedec, Adil Zouitine, and Thomas Wolf · 2024
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Pgsr: Planar-based gaussian splatting for efficient and high-fidelity surface reconstruction
Danpeng Chen, Hai Li, Weicai Ye, Yifan Wang, Weijian Xie, Shangjin Zhai, Nan Wang, Haomin Liu, Hujun Bao, and Guofeng Zhang · 2024
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Openvla: An open-source vision-language-action model
Moo Jin Kim, Karl Pertsch, Siddharth Karamcheti, Ted Xiao, Ashwin Balakrishna, Suraj Nair, Rafael Rafailov, Ethan Foster, Grace Lam, Pannag Sanketi, et al · 2024
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Physical Intelligence, Kevin Black, Noah Brown, James Darpinian, Karan Dhabalia, Danny Driess, Adnan Esmail, Michael Equi, Chelsea Finn, Niccolo Fusai, et al · 2025
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RDT-1b: a diffusion foundation model for bimanual manipulation
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Robotwin: Dual-arm robot benchmark with generative digital twins
Yao Mu, Tianxing Chen, Zanxin Chen, Shijia Peng, Zhiqian Lan, Zeyu Gao, Zhixuan Liang, Qiaojun Yu, Yude Zou, Mingkun Xu, et al · 2025
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