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Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have propelled conversational AI from traditional dialogue systems into sophisticated agents capable of autonomous actions, contextual awareness, and multi-turn interactions with users.
A survey on dialogue systems: Recent advances and new frontiers
Hongshen Chen, Xiaorui Liu, Dawei Yin, and Jiliang Tang · 1931
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The Society of Mind
Marvin Minsky · 1986
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A stochastic model of human-machine interaction for learning dialog strategies
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Talking to machines (statistically speaking)
Steve Young · 2002
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Chia-Wei Liu, Ryan Lowe, Iulian V Serban, Michael Noseworthy, Laurent Charlin, and Joelle Pineau · 2016
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Iterative policy learning in end-to-end trainable task-oriented neural dialog models
Bing Liu and Ian Lane · 2017
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A network-based end-to-end trainable task-oriented dialogue system
Tsung-Hsien Wen, David Vandyke, Nikola Mrkšić, Milica Gašić, Lina M. Rojas-Barahona, Pei-Hao Su, Stefan Ultes, and Steve Young · 2017
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Deep Dyna-Q: Integrating planning for task-completion dialogue policy learning
Baolin Peng, Xiujun Li, Jianfeng Gao, Jingjing Liu, and Kam-Fai Wong · 2018
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Personalizing dialogue agents: I have a dog, do you have pets too?
Saizheng Zhang, Emily Dinan, Jack Urbanek, Arthur Szlam, Douwe Kiela, and Jason Weston · 2018
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Approximating interactive human evaluation with self-play for open-domain dialog systems
Asma Ghandeharioun, Judy Hanwen Shen, Natasha Jaques, Craig Ferguson, Noah Jones, Agata Lapedriza, and Rosalind Picard · 2019
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Towards empathetic open-domain conversation models: A new benchmark and dataset
Hannah Rashkin, Eric Michael Smith, Margaret Li, and Y-Lan Boureau · 2019
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COSMIC: COmmonSense knowledge for eMotion identification in conversations
Deepanway Ghosal, Navonil Majumder, Alexander Gelbukh, Rada Mihalcea, and Soujanya Poria · 2020
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Towards emotional support dialog systems
Siyang Liu, Chujie Zheng, Orianna Demasi, Sahand Sabour, Yu Li, Zhou Yu, Yong Jiang, and Minlie Huang · 2021
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{ALFW}orld: Aligning text and embodied environments for interactive learning
Mohit Shridhar, Xingdi Yuan, Marc-Alexandre Cote, Yonatan Bisk, Adam Trischler, and Matthew Hausknecht · 2021
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Blending task success and user satisfaction: Analysis of learned dialogue behaviour with multiple rewards
Stefan Ultes and Wolfgang Maier · 2021
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Fast and scalable dialogue state tracking with explicit modular decomposition
Dingmin Wang, Chenghua Lin, Qi Liu, and Kam-Fai Wong · 2021
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CoMAE: A multi-factor hierarchical framework for empathetic response generation
Chujie Zheng, Yong Liu, Wei Chen, Yongcai Leng, and Minlie Huang · 2021
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Dynamic dialogue policy for continual reinforcement learning
Christian Geishauser, Carel van Niekerk, Hsien-chin Lin, Nurul Lubis, Michael Heck, Shutong Feng, and Milica Gašić · 2022
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In-context learning for few-shot dialogue state tracking
Yushi Hu, Chia-Hsuan Lee, Tianbao Xie, Tao Yu, Noah A. Smith, and Mari Ostendorf · 2022
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“do you follow me?”: A survey of recent approaches in dialogue state tracking
Léo Jacqmin, Lina M. Rojas Barahona, and Benoit Favre · 2022
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Large language models are zero-shot reasoners
Takeshi Kojima, Shixiang Shane Gu, Machel Reid, Yutaka Matsuo, and Yusuke Iwasawa · 2022
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Reducing conversational agents’ overconfidence through linguistic calibration
Sabrina J Mielke, Arthur Szlam, Emily Dinan, and Y-Lan Boureau · 2022
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Recent advances in deep learning based dialogue systems: A systematic survey, 2022
Jinjie Ni, Tom Young, Vlad Pandelea, Fuzhao Xue, and Erik Cambria · 2022
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Talm: Tool augmented language models
Aaron Parisi, Yao Zhao, and Noah Fiedel · 2022
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ScienceWorld: Is your agent smarter than a 5th grader?
Ruoyao Wang, Peter Jansen, Marc-Alexandre Côté, and Prithviraj Ammanabrolu · 2022
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Chain-of-thought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models
Jason Wei, Xuezhi Wang, Dale Schuurmans, Maarten Bosma, Fei Xia, Ed Chi, Quoc V Le, Denny Zhou, et al · 2022
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D4: a Chinese dialogue dataset for depression-diagnosis-oriented chat
Binwei Yao, Chao Shi, Likai Zou, Lingfeng Dai, Mengyue Wu, Lu Chen, Zhen Wang, and Kai Yu · 2022
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OpenAI Josh Achiam et al · 2023
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PAL: Persona-augmented emotional support conversation generation
Jiale Cheng, Sahand Sabour, Hao Sun, Zhuang Chen, and Minlie Huang · 2023
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InstructTODS: Large language models for end-to-end task-oriented dialogue systems
Willy Chung, Samuel Cahyawijaya, Bryan Wilie, Holy Lovenia, and Pascale Fung · 2023
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InstructTODS: Large language models for end-to-end task-oriented dialogue systems
Willy Chung, Samuel Cahyawijaya, Bryan Wilie, Holy Lovenia, and Pascale Fung · 2023
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Knowledge-enhanced mixed-initiative dialogue system for emotional support conversations
Yang Deng, Wenxuan Zhang, Yifei Yuan, and Wai Lam · 2023
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Towards LLM-driven dialogue state tracking
Yujie Feng, Zexin Lu, Bo Liu, Liming Zhan, and Xiao-Ming Wu · 2023
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Towards LLM-driven dialogue state tracking
Yujie Feng, Zexin Lu, Bo Liu, Liming Zhan, and Xiao-Ming Wu · 2023
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Towards LLM-driven dialogue state tracking
Yujie Feng, Zexin Lu, Bo Liu, Liming Zhan, and Xiao-Ming Wu · 2023
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Reasoning before responding: Integrating commonsense-based causality explanation for empathetic response generation
Yahui Fu, Koji Inoue, Chenhui Chu, and Tatsuya Kawahara · 2023
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PAL: Program-aided language models
Luyu Gao, Aman Madaan, Shuyan Zhou, Uri Alon, Pengfei Liu, Yiming Yang, Jamie Callan, and Graham Neubig · 2023
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Reasoning with language model is planning with world model
Shibo Hao, Yi Gu, Haodi Ma, Joshua Hong, Zhen Wang, Daisy Wang, and Zhiting Hu · 2023
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Reasoning with language model is planning with world model
Shibo Hao, Yi Gu, Haodi Ma, Joshua Hong, Zhen Wang, Daisy Wang, and Zhiting Hu · 2023
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ChatGPT for zero-shot dialogue state tracking: A solution or an opportunity?
Michael Heck, Nurul Lubis, Benjamin Ruppik, Renato Vukovic, Shutong Feng, Christian Geishauser, Hsien-chin Lin, Carel van Niekerk, and Milica Gasic · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Personalized dialogue generation with persona-adaptive attention
Qiushi Huang, Yu Zhang, Tom Ko, Xubo Liu, Bo Wu, Wenwu Wang, and H Tang · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Are large language models all you need for task-oriented dialogue?
Vojtěch Hudeček and Ondrej Dusek · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Multitool-cot: Gpt-3 can use multiple external tools with chain of thought prompting
Tatsuro Inaba, Hirokazu Kiyomaru, Fei Cheng, and Sadao Kurohashi · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Dspy: Compiling declarative language model calls into self-improving pipelines
Omar Khattab, Arnav Singhvi, Paridhi Maheshwari, Zhiyuan Zhang, Keshav Santhanam, Sri Vardhamanan, Saiful Haq, Ashutosh Sharma, Thomas T Joshi, Hanna Moazam, et al · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Abhimanyu Dubey et al · 2024
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Aaron Jaech, Adam Kalai, Adam Lerer, Adam Richardson, Ahmed El-Kishky, Aiden Low, Alec Helyar, Aleksander Madry, Alex Beutel, Alex Carney, et al · 2024
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Unsupervised end-to-end task-oriented dialogue with LLMs: The power of the noisy channel
Brendan King and Jeffrey Flanigan · 2024
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Large language models as zero-shot dialogue state tracker through function calling
Zekun Li, Zhiyu Chen, Mike Ross, Patrick Huber, Seungwhan Moon, Zhaojiang Lin, Xin Dong, Adithya Sagar, Xifeng Yan, and Paul Crook · 2024
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Let’s verify step by step
Hunter Lightman, Vineet Kosaraju, Yuri Burda, Harrison Edwards, Bowen Baker, Teddy Lee, Jan Leike, John Schulman, Ilya Sutskever, and Karl Cobbe · 2024
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API-bank: A comprehensive benchmark for tool-augmented LLMs
Minghao Li, Yingxiu Zhao, Bowen Yu, Feifan Song, Hangyu Li, Haiyang Yu, Zhoujun Li, Fei Huang, and Yongbin Li · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Beyond candidates: adaptive dialogue agent utilizing persona and knowledge
Jungwoo Lim, Myunghoon Kang, Jinsung Kim, Jeongwook Kim, Yuna Hur, and Heui-Seok Lim · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Self-refine: Iterative refinement with self-feedback
Aman Madaan, Niket Tandon, Prakhar Gupta, Skyler Hallinan, Luyu Gao, Sarah Wiegreffe, Uri Alon, Nouha Dziri, Shrimai Prabhumoye, Yiming Yang, et al · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Art: Automatic multi-step reasoning and tool-use for large language models
Bhargavi Paranjape, Scott Lundberg, Sameer Singh, Hannaneh Hajishirzi, Luke Zettlemoyer, and Marco Tulio Ribeiro · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Generative agents: Interactive simulacra of human behavior
Joon Sung Park, Joseph O’Brien, Carrie Jun Cai, Meredith Ringel Morris, Percy Liang, and Michael S. Bernstein · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Gorilla: Large language model connected with massive apis
Shishir G Patil, Tianjun Zhang, Xin Wang, and Joseph E Gonzalez · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Creator: Tool creation for disentangling abstract and concrete reasoning of large language models
Cheng Qian, Chi Han, Yi Fung, Yujia Qin, Zhiyuan Liu, and Heng Ji · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Proactive agent: Shifting llm agents from reactive responses to active assistance
Yaxi Lu, Shenzhi Yang, Cheng Qian, Guirong Chen, Qinyu Luo, Yesai Wu, Huadong Wang, Xin Cong, Zhong Zhang, Yankai Lin, et al · 2024
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A survey on vision-language-action models for embodied ai
Yueen Ma, Zixing Song, Yuzheng Zhuang, Jianye Hao, and Irwin King · 2024
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Self-refine: Iterative refinement with self-feedback
Aman Madaan, Niket Tandon, Prakhar Gupta, Skyler Hallinan, Luyu Gao, Sarah Wiegreffe, Uri Alon, Nouha Dziri, Shrimai Prabhumoye, Yiming Yang, et al · 2024
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Beyond accuracy: Evaluating the reasoning behavior of large language models - a survey
Philipp Mondorf and Barbara Plank · 2024
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Enhancing dialogue state tracking models through llm-backed user-agents simulation, 2024
Cheng Niu, Xingguang Wang, Xuxin Cheng, Juntong Song, and Tong Zhang · 2024
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Tell me more! towards implicit user intention understanding of language model driven agents
Cheng Qian, Bingxiang He, Zhong Zhuang, Jia Deng, Yujia Qin, Xin Cong, Zhong Zhang, Jie Zhou, Yankai Lin, Zhiyuan Liu, and Maosong Sun · 2024
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Lamp: When large language models meet personalization
Alireza Salemi, Sheshera Mysore, Michael Bendersky, and Hamed Zamani · 2024
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Reflexion: Language agents with verbal reinforcement learning
Noah Shinn, Federico Cassano, Ashwin Gopinath, Karthik Narasimhan, and Shunyu Yao · 2024
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Trial and error: Exploration-based trajectory optimization of llm agents
Yifan Song, Da Yin, Xiang Yue, Jie Huang, Sujian Li, and Bill Yuchen Lin · 2024
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Cognitive architectures for language agents
Theodore Sumers, Shunyu Yao, Karthik Narasimhan, and Thomas Griffiths · 2024
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Personalized pieces: Efficient personalized large language models through collaborative efforts
Zhaoxuan Tan, Zheyuan Liu, and Meng Jiang · 2024
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Democratizing large language models via personalized parameter-efficient fine-tuning
Zhaoxuan Tan, Qingkai Zeng, Yijun Tian, Zheyuan Liu, Bing Yin, and Meng Jiang · 2024
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AppBench: Planning of multiple APIs from various APPs for complex user instruction
Hongru Wang, Rui Wang, Boyang Xue, Heming Xia, Jingtao Cao, Zeming Liu, Jeff Z. Pan, and Kam-Fai Wong · 2024
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Flowbench: Revisiting and benchmarking workflow-guided planning for llm-based agents
Ruixuan Xiao, Wentao Ma, Ke Wang, Yuchuan Wu, Junbo Zhao, Haobo Wang, Fei Huang, and Yongbin Li · 2024
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Watch every step! LLM agent learning via iterative step-level process refinement
Weimin Xiong, Yifan Song, Xiutian Zhao, Wenhao Wu, Xun Wang, Ke Wang, Cheng Li, Wei Peng, and Sujian Li · 2024
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Rethinking task-oriented dialogue systems: From complex modularity to zero-shot autonomous agent
Heng-Da Xu, Xian-Ling Mao, Puhai Yang, Fanshu Sun, and Heyan Huang · 2024
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τ \tau -bench: A benchmark for tool-agent-user interaction in real-world domains
Shunyu Yao, Noah Shinn, Pedram Razavi, and Karthik Narasimhan · 2024
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Textgrad: Automatic” differentiation” via text
Mert Yuksekgonul, Federico Bianchi, Joseph Boen, Sheng Liu, Zhi Huang, Carlos Guestrin, and James Zou · 2024
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AgentTuning: Enabling generalized agent abilities for LLMs
Aohan Zeng, Mingdao Liu, Rui Lu, Bowen Wang, Xiao Liu, Yuxiao Dong, and Jie Tang · 2024
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The agent ohana: Designing unified data and training pipeline for effective agent learning
Jianguo Zhang, Tian Lan, RN Rithesh, Zhiwei Liu, Weiran Yao, Juntao Tan, Thai Quoc Hoang, Liangwei Yang, Yihao Feng, Zuxin Liu, et al · 2024
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Emre Can Acikgoz, Jeremiah Greer, Akul Datta, Ze Yang, William Zeng, Oussama Elachqar, Emmanouil Koukoumidis, Dilek Hakkani-Tür, and Gokhan Tur · 2025
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Agentrefine: Enhancing agent generalization through refinement tuning
Dayuan Fu, Keqing He, Yejie Wang, Wentao Hong, Zhuoma GongQue, Weihao Zeng, Wei Wang, Jingang Wang, Xunliang Cai, and Weiran Xu · 2025
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Deepseek-r1: Incentivizing reasoning capability in llms via reinforcement learning
Daya Guo, Dejian Yang, Haowei Zhang, Junxiao Song, Ruoyu Zhang, Runxin Xu, Qihao Zhu, Shirong Ma, Peiyi Wang, Xiao Bi, et al · 2025
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Llm post-training: A deep dive into reasoning large language models
Komal Kumar, Tajamul Ashraf, Omkar Thawakar, Rao Muhammad Anwer, Hisham Cholakkal, Mubarak Shah, Ming-Hsuan Yang, Phillip HS Torr, Salman Khan, and Fahad Shahbaz Khan · 2025
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Robust function-calling for on-device language model via function masking
Qiqiang Lin, Muning Wen, Qiuying Peng, Guanyu Nie, Junwei Liao, Jun Wang, Xiaoyun Mo, Jiamu Zhou, Cheng Cheng, Yin Zhao, Jun Wang, and Weinan Zhang · 2025
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Niklas Muennighoff, Zitong Yang, Weijia Shi, Xiang Lisa Li, Li Fei-Fei, Hannaneh Hajishirzi, Luke Zettlemoyer, Percy Liang, Emmanuel Candès, and Tatsunori Hashimoto · 2025
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Hao Peng, Yunjia Qi, Xiaozhi Wang, Zijun Yao, Bin Xu, Lei Hou, and Juanzi Li · 2025
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Smart: Self-aware agent for tool overuse mitigation
Cheng Qian, Emre Can Acikgoz, Hongru Wang, Xiusi Chen, Avirup Sil, Dilek Hakkani-Tür, Gokhan Tur, and Heng Ji · 2025
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Agentic knowledgeable self-awareness
Shuofei Qiao, Zhisong Qiu, Baochang Ren, Xiaobin Wang, Xiangyuan Ru, Ningyu Zhang, Xiang Chen, Yong Jiang, Pengjun Xie, Fei Huang, and Huajun Chen · 2025
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Tool learning with large language models: A survey
Changle Qu, Sunhao Dai, Xiaochi Wei, Hengyi Cai, Shuaiqiang Wang, Dawei Yin, Jun Xu, and Ji-Rong Wen · 2025
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Hongru Wang, Boyang Xue, Baohang Zhou, Tianhua Zhang, Cunxiang Wang, Huimin Wang, Guanhua Chen, and Kam fai Wong · 2025
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The rise and potential of large language model based agents: A survey
Zhiheng Xi, Wenxiang Chen, Xin Guo, Wei He, Yiwen Ding, Boyang Hong, Ming Zhang, Junzhe Wang, Senjie Jin, Enyu Zhou, et al · 2025
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Agent-r: Training language model agents to reflect via iterative self-training
Siyu Yuan, Zehui Chen, Zhiheng Xi, Junjie Ye, Zhengyin Du, and Jiecao Chen · 2025
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Multiagentbench: Evaluating the collaboration and competition of llm agents
Kunlun Zhu, Hongyi Du, Zhaochen Hong, Xiaocheng Yang, Shuyi Guo, Zhe Wang, Zhenhailong Wang, Cheng Qian, Xiangru Tang, Heng Ji, et al · 2025
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