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Multi-view understanding, the ability to reconcile visual information across diverse viewpoints for effective navigation, manipulation, and 3D scene comprehension, is a fundamental challenge in Multi-Modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to be used as embodied agents.
Embodied question answering
Abhishek Das, Samyak Datta, Georgia Gkioxari, Stefan Lee, Devi Parikh, and Dhruv Batra · 2018
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Multi-target embodied question answering
Licheng Yu, Xinlei Chen, Georgia Gkioxari, Mohit Bansal, Tamara L Berg, and Dhruv Batra · 2019
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Zero: Memory optimizations toward training trillion parameter models
Samyam Rajbhandari, Jeff Rasley, Olatunji Ruwase, and Yuxiong He · 2020
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Embodied bert: A transformer model for embodied, language-guided visual task completion
Alessandro Suglia, Qiaozi Gao, Jesse Thomason, Govind Thattai, and Gaurav Sukhatme · 2021
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Language models as zero-shot planners: Extracting actionable knowledge for embodied agents
Wenlong Huang, Pieter Abbeel, Deepak Pathak, and Igor Mordatch · 2022
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Chartqa: A benchmark for question answering about charts with visual and logical reasoning
Ahmed Masry, Do Xuan Long, Jia Qing Tan, Shafiq Joty, and Enamul Hoque · 2022
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One step at a time: Long-horizon vision-and-language navigation with milestones
Chan Hee Song, Jihyung Kil, Tai-Yu Pan, Brian M Sadler, Wei-Lun Chao, and Yu Su · 2022
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Chain-of-thought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models
Jason Wei, Xuezhi Wang, Dale Schuurmans, Maarten Bosma, Fei Xia, Ed Chi, Quoc V Le, Denny Zhou, et al · 2022
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Qwen-vl: A versatile vision-language model for understanding, localization, text reading, and beyond
Jinze Bai, Shuai Bai, Shusheng Yang, Shijie Wang, Sinan Tan, Peng Wang, Junyang Lin, Chang Zhou, and Jingren Zhou · 2023
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Palm-e: An embodied multimodal language model
Danny Driess, Fei Xia, Mehdi SM Sajjadi, Corey Lynch, Aakanksha Chowdhery, Ayzaan Wahid, Jonathan Tompson, Quan Vuong, Tianhe Yu, Wenlong Huang, et al · 2023
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Gemini, 2023
Google · 2023
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3d concept learning and reasoning from multi-view images
Yining Hong, Chunru Lin, Yilun Du, Zhenfang Chen, Joshua B Tenenbaum, and Chuang Gan · 2023
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Conceptfusion: Open-set multimodal 3d mapping
Krishna Murthy Jatavallabhula, Alihusein Kuwajerwala, Qiao Gu, Mohd Omama, Tao Chen, Alaa Maalouf, Shuang Li, Ganesh Iyer, Soroush Saryazdi, Nikhil Keetha, et al · 2023
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Ego-humans: An ego-centric 3d multi-human benchmark
Rawal Khirodkar, Aayush Bansal, Lingni Ma, Richard Newcombe, Minh Vo, and Kris Kitani · 2023
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Visual instruction tuning
Haotian Liu, Chunyuan Li, Qingyang Wu, and Yong Jae Lee · 2023
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Mathvista: Evaluating mathematical reasoning of foundation models in visual contexts
Pan Lu, Hritik Bansal, Tony Xia, Jiacheng Liu, Chunyuan Li, Hannaneh Hajishirzi, Hao Cheng, Kai-Wei Chang, Michel Galley, and Jianfeng Gao · 2023
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Egoschema: A diagnostic benchmark for very long-form video language understanding
Karttikeya Mangalam, Raiymbek Akshulakov, and Jitendra Malik · 2023
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Gemini: a family of highly capable multimodal models
Gemini Team, Rohan Anil, Sebastian Borgeaud, Jean-Baptiste Alayrac, Jiahui Yu, Radu Soricut, Johan Schalkwyk, Andrew M Dai, Anja Hauth, Katie Millican, et al · 2023
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Self-consistency improves chain of thought reasoning in language models
Xuezhi Wang, Jason Wei, Dale Schuurmans, Quoc V Le, Ed H. Chi, Sharan Narang, Aakanksha Chowdhery, and Denny Zhou · 2023
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Claude, 2024
Anthropic · 2024
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gpt4o, 2024
OpenAI · 2024
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Mllm-tool: A multimodal large language model for tool agent learning
Chenyu Wang, Weixin Luo, Qianyu Chen, Haonan Mai, Jindi Guo, Sixun Dong, Zhengxin Li, Lin Ma, Shenghua Gao, et al · 2024
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Deepseek-vl2: Mixture-of-experts vision-language models for advanced multimodal understanding
Zhiyu Wu, Xiaokang Chen, Zizheng Pan, Xingchao Liu, Wen Liu, Damai Dai, Huazuo Gao, Yiyang Ma, Chengyue Wu, Bingxuan Wang, et al · 2024
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Cad-mllm: Unifying multimodality-conditioned cad generation with mllm
Jingwei Xu, Zibo Zhao, Chenyu Wang, Wen Liu, Yi Ma, and Shenghua Gao · 2024
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Fine-tuning large vision-language models as decision-making agents via reinforcement learning
Yuexiang Zhai, Hao Bai, Zipeng Lin, Jiayi Pan, Shengbang Tong, Yifei Zhou, Alane Suhr, Saining Xie, Yann LeCun, Yi Ma, et al · 2024
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Instructblip: Towards general-purpose vision-language models with instruction tuning
Wenliang Dai, Junnan Li, Dongxu Li, Anthony Meng Huat Tiong, Junqi Zhao, Weisheng Wang, Boyang Li, Pascale N Fung, and Steven Hoi · 2024
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Vlmevalkit: An open-source toolkit for evaluating large multi-modality models
Haodong Duan, Junming Yang, Yuxuan Qiao, Xinyu Fang, Lin Chen, Yuan Liu, Xiaoyi Dong, Yuhang Zang, Pan Zhang, Jiaqi Wang, et al · 2024
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Video-mme: The first-ever comprehensive evaluation benchmark of multi-modal llms in video analysis
Chaoyou Fu, Yuhan Dai, Yongdong Luo, Lei Li, Shuhuai Ren, Renrui Zhang, Zihan Wang, Chenyu Zhou, Yunhang Shen, Mengdan Zhang, et al · 2024
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Ego-exo4d: Understanding skilled human activity from first-and third-person perspectives
Kristen Grauman, Andrew Westbury, Lorenzo Torresani, Kris Kitani, Jitendra Malik, Triantafyllos Afouras, Kumar Ashutosh, Vijay Baiyya, Siddhant Bansal, Bikram Boote, et al · 2024
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Aaron Hurst, Adam Lerer, Adam P Goucher, Adam Perelman, Aditya Ramesh, Aidan Clark, AJ Ostrow, Akila Welihinda, Alan Hayes, Alec Radford, et al · 2024
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Sceneverse: Scaling 3d vision-language learning for grounded scene understanding
Baoxiong Jia, Yixin Chen, Huangyue Yu, Yan Wang, Xuesong Niu, Tengyu Liu, Qing Li, and Siyuan Huang · 2024
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Openvla: An open-source vision-language-action model
Moo Jin Kim, Karl Pertsch, Siddharth Karamcheti, Ted Xiao, Ashwin Balakrishna, Suraj Nair, Rafael Rafailov, Ethan Foster, Grace Lam, Pannag Sanketi, et al · 2024
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Llava-next: A strong zero-shot video understanding model, 2024
Yuanhan Zhang, Bo Li, haotian Liu, Yong jae Lee, Liangke Gui, Di Fu, Jiashi Feng, Ziwei Liu, and Chunyuan Li · 2024
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Transfusion: Predict the next token and diffuse images with one multi-modal model
Chunting Zhou, Lili Yu, Arun Babu, Kushal Tirumala, Michihiro Yasunaga, Leonid Shamis, Jacob Kahn, Xuezhe Ma, Luke Zettlemoyer, and Omer Levy · 2024
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Hourvideo: 1-hour video-language understanding
Keshigeyan Chandrasegaran, Agrim Gupta, Lea M Hadzic, Taran Kota, Jimming He, Cristóbal Eyzaguirre, Zane Durante, Manling Li, Jiajun Wu, and Fei-Fei Li · 2025
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Spatialrgpt: Grounded spatial reasoning in vision-language models
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Sft memorizes, rl generalizes: A comparative study of foundation model post-training
Tianzhe Chu, Yuexiang Zhai, Jihan Yang, Shengbang Tong, Saining Xie, Dale Schuurmans, Quoc V Le, Sergey Levine, and Yi Ma · 2025
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Embodied agent interface: Benchmarking llms for embodied decision making
Manling Li, Shiyu Zhao, Qineng Wang, Kangrui Wang, Yu Zhou, Sanjana Srivastava, Cem Gokmen, Tony Lee, Erran Li Li, Ruohan Zhang, et al · 2025
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Forgotten polygons: Multimodal large language models are shape-blind
William Rudman, Michal Golovanesky, Amir Bar, Vedant Palit, Yann LeCun, Carsten Eickhoff, and Ritambhara Singh · 2025
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Inst3d-lmm: Instance-aware 3d scene understanding with multi-modal instruction tuning, 2025
Hanxun Yu, Wentong Li, Song Wang, Junbo Chen, and Jianke Zhu · 2025
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Vlm 2-bench: A closer look at how well vlms implicitly link explicit matching visual cues
Jianshu Zhang, Dongyu Yao, Renjie Pi, Paul Pu Liang, et al · 2025
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