BrowseComp: A Simple Yet Challenging Benchmark for Browsing Agents

Building Watson: An overview of the DeepQA project

D. Ferrucci, E. Brown, J. Chu-Carroll, J. Fan, D. Gondek, A. Kalyanpur, A. Lally, J. W. Murdock, E. Nyberg, J. Prager, N. Schlaefer, and C. Welty · 2010

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TriviaQA: A large scale distantly supervised challenge dataset for reading comprehension

M. Joshi, E. Choi, D. Weld, and L. Zettlemoyer · 2017

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FEVER: a large-scale dataset for fact extraction and verification

J. Thorne, A. Vlachos, C. Christodoulopoulos, and A. Mittal · 2018

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HotpotQA: A dataset for diverse, explainable multi-hop question answering

Z. Yang, P. Qi, S. Zhang, Y. Bengio, W. Cohen, R. Salakhutdinov, and C. D. Manning · 2018

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Wizard of wikipedia: Knowledge-powered conversational agents

E. Dinan, S. Roller, K. Shuster, A. Fan, M. Auli, and J. Weston · 2019

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ELI5: Long form question answering

A. Fan, Y. Jernite, E. Perez, D. Grangier, J. Weston, and M. Auli · 2019

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Latent retrieval for weakly supervised open domain question answering

K. Lee, M.-W. Chang, and K. Toutanova · 2019

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REALM: Retrieval-augmented language model pre-training

K. Guu, K. Lee, Z. Tung, P. Pasupat, and M.-W. Chang · 2020

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Retrieval-augmented generation for knowledge-intensive NLP tasks

P. Lewis, E. Perez, A. Piktus, F. Petroni, V. Karpukhin, N. Goyal, H. Küttler, M. Lewis, W. tau Yih, T. Rocktäschel, S. Riedel, and D. Kiela · 2020

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WebGPT: Browser-assisted question-answering with human feedback

R. Nakano, J. Hilton, S. Balaji, J. Wu, L. Ouyang, C. Kim, C. Hesse, S. Jain, V. Kosaraju, W. Saunders, X. Jiang, K. Cobbe, T. Eloundou, G. Krueger, K. Button, M. Knight, B. Chess, and J. Schulman · 2021

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KILT: a benchmark for knowledge intensive language tasks

F. Petroni, A. Piktus, A. Fan, P. Lewis, M. Yazdani, N. De Cao, J. Thorne, Y. Jernite, V. Karpukhin, J. Maillard, V. Plachouras, T. Rocktäschel, and S. Riedel · 2021

Cited alongside, same era.

Teaching language models to support answers with verified quotes

Original

J. Menick, T. Miller, T. Ribeiro, L. G. Brigato, A. Bakhtin, P. Chatelain, M. Moore, J. Kramár, A. Joulin, K. Shuster, P. Stenetorp, and D. Kiela · 2022

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Webshop: Towards scalable real-world web interaction with grounded language agents

S. Yao, H. Chen, J. Yang, and K. Narasimhan · 2022

Try Deep Research and our new experimental model in Gemini, your AI assistant

Google · 2024

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GPQA: A graduate-level google-proof Q&A benchmark

D. Rein, B. L. Hou, A. C. Stickland, J. Petty, R. Y. Pang, J. Dirani, J. Michael, and S. R. Bowman · 2024

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Measuring short-form factuality in large language models

J. Wei, N. Karina, H. W. Chung, Y. J. Jiao, S. Papay, A. Glaese, J. Schulman, and W. Fedus · 2024

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Introducing perplexity deep research

perplexity.AI · 2025

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Humanity’s last exam

L. Phan, A. Gatti, Z. Han, N. Li, J. Hu, H. Zhang, C. B. C. Zhang, M. Shaaban, J. Ling, S. Shi, et al · 2025

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BEARCUBS: A benchmark for computer-using web agents

Y. Song, K. Thai, C. M. Pham, Y. Chang, M. Nadaf, and M. Iyyer · 2025

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