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Despite extensive efforts in safety alignment, large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks.
Linguistic regularities in continuous space word representations
Tomáš Mikolov, Wen-tau Yih, and Geoffrey Zweig. 2013 · 2013
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Pytorch: An imperative style, high-performance deep learning library
Adam Paszke, Sam Gross, Francisco Massa, Adam Lerer, James Bradbury, Gregory Chanan, Trevor Killeen, Zeming Lin, Natalia Gimelshein, Luca Antiga, et al. 2019 · 2019
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A general language assistant as a laboratory for alignment
Amanda Askell, Yuntao Bai, Anna Chen, Dawn Drain, Deep Ganguli, Tom Henighan, Andy Jones, Nicholas Joseph, Ben Mann, Nova DasSarma, et al. 2021 · 2021
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The trojan detection challenge
Mantas Mazeika, Dan Hendrycks, Huichen Li, Xiaojun Xu, Sidney Hough, Andy Zou, Arezoo Rajabi, Qi Yao, Zihao Wang, Jian Tian, et al. 2023 · 2022
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Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback
Long Ouyang, Jeffrey Wu, Xu Jiang, Diogo Almeida, Carroll Wainwright, Pamela Mishkin, Chong Zhang, Sandhini Agarwal, Katarina Slama, Alex Ray, et al. 2022 · 2022
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Diff-in-means concept editing is worst-case optimal: Explaining a result by sam marks and max tegmark, 2023
Nora Belrose. 2023 · 2023
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Jailbreaking black box large language models in twenty queries
Patrick Chao, Alexander Robey, Edgar Dobriban, Hamed Hassani, George J Pappas, and Eric Wong. 2023 · 2023
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Jailbreaker: Automated jailbreak across multiple large language model chatbots
Gelei Deng, Yi Liu, Yuekang Li, Kailong Wang, Ying Zhang, Zefeng Li, Haoyu Wang, Tianwei Zhang, and Yang Liu. 2023 · 2023
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Automatically auditing large language models via discrete optimization
Erik Jones, Anca Dragan, Aditi Raghunathan, and Jacob Steinhardt. 2023 · 2023
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Multi-step jailbreaking privacy attacks on chatgpt
Haoran Li, Dadi Guo, Wei Fan, Mingshi Xu, Jie Huang, Fanpu Meng, and Yangqiu Song. 2023a · 2023
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Autodan: Generating stealthy jailbreak prompts on aligned large language models
Xiaogeng Liu, Nan Xu, Muhao Chen, and Chaowei Xiao. 2023 · 2023
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Steering llama 2 via contrastive activation addition
Nina Panickssery, Nick Gabrieli, Julian Schulz, Meg Tong, Evan Hubinger, and Alexander Matt Turner. 2023 · 2023
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Direct preference optimization: Your language model is secretly a reward model
Rafael Rafailov, Archit Sharma, Eric Mitchell, Christopher D Manning, Stefano Ermon, and Chelsea Finn. 2023 · 2023
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Jailbreak in pieces: Compositional adversarial attacks on multi-modal language models
Erfan Shayegani, Yue Dong, and Nael Abu-Ghazaleh. 2023 · 2023
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Activation addition: Steering language models without optimization
Alexander Matt Turner, Lisa Thiergart, Gavin Leech, David Udell, Juan J Vazquez, Ulisse Mini, and Monte MacDiarmid. 2023 · 2023
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Large language model unlearning
Yuanshun Yao, Xiaojun Xu, and Yang Liu. 2023 · 2023
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Gptfuzzer: Red teaming large language models with auto-generated jailbreak prompts
Jiahao Yu, Xingwei Lin, and Xinyu Xing. 2023 · 2023
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Gpt-4 is too smart to be safe: Stealthy chat with llms via cipher
Youliang Yuan, Wenxiang Jiao, Wenxuan Wang, Jen-tse Huang, Pinjia He, Shuming Shi, and Zhaopeng Tu. 2023 · 2023
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Refusal in language models is mediated by a single direction
Andy Arditi, Oscar Obeso, Aaquib Syed, Daniel Paleka, Nina Panickssery, Wes Gurnee, and Neel Nanda. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Towards inference-time category-wise safety steering for large language models
Amrita Bhattacharjee, Shaona Ghosh, Traian Rebedea, and Christopher Parisien. 2024 · 2024
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Are aligned neural networks adversarially aligned?
Nicholas Carlini, Milad Nasr, Christopher A Choquette-Choo, Matthew Jagielski, Irena Gao, Pang Wei W Koh, Daphne Ippolito, Florian Tramer, and Ludwig Schmidt. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Jailbreakbench: An open robustness benchmark for jailbreaking large language models
Patrick Chao, Edoardo Debenedetti, Alexander Robey, Maksym Andriushchenko, Francesco Croce, Vikash Sehwag, Edgar Dobriban, Nicolas Flammarion, George J Pappas, Florian Tramer, et al. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Or-bench: An over-refusal benchmark for large language models
Data advisor: Dynamic data curation for safety alignment of large language models
Fei Wang, Ninareh Mehrabi, Palash Goyal, Rahul Gupta, Kai-Wei Chang, and Aram Galstyan. 2024a · 2024
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SafeDecoding: Defending against jailbreak attacks via safety-aware decoding
Zhangchen Xu, Fengqing Jiang, Luyao Niu, Jinyuan Jia, Bill Yuchen Lin, and Radha Poovendran. 2024 · 2024
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An Yang, Baosong Yang, Beichen Zhang, Binyuan Hui, Bo Zheng, Bowen Yu, Chengyuan Li, Dayiheng Liu, Fei Huang, Haoran Wei, et al. 2024 · 2024
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Gpt-4 is too smart to be safe: Stealthy chat with llms via cipher
Youliang Yuan, Wenxiang Jiao, Wenxuan Wang, Jen-tse Huang, Pinjia He, Shuming Shi, and Zhaopeng Tu. 2024 · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
Zhexin Zhang, Junxiao Yang, Pei Ke, Shiyao Cui, Chujie Zheng, Hongning Wang, and Minlie Huang. 2024 · 2024
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Justin Cui, Wei-Lin Chiang, Ion Stoica, and Cho-Jui Hsieh. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Multilingual jailbreak challenges in large language models
Yue Deng, Wenxuan Zhang, Sinno Jialin Pan, and Lidong Bing. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Abhimanyu Dubey, Abhinav Jauhri, Abhinav Pandey, Abhishek Kadian, Ahmad Al-Dahle, Aiesha Letman, Akhil Mathur, Alan Schelten, Amy Yang, Angela Fan, et al. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Length-controlled alpacaeval: A simple way to debias automatic evaluators
Yann Dubois, Balázs Galambosi, Percy Liang, and Tatsunori B Hashimoto. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Catastrophic jailbreak of open-source LLMs via exploiting generation
Yangsibo Huang, Samyak Gupta, Mengzhou Xia, Kai Li, and Danqi Chen. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
No two devils alike: Unveiling distinct mechanisms of fine-tuning attacks
Chak Tou Leong, Yi Cheng, Kaishuai Xu, Jian Wang, Hanlin Wang, and Wenjie Li. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Codechameleon: Personalized encryption framework for jailbreaking large language models
Huijie Lv, Xiao Wang, Yuansen Zhang, Caishuang Huang, Shihan Dou, Junjie Ye, Tao Gui, Qi Zhang, and Xuanjing Huang. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Harmbench: A standardized evaluation framework for automated red teaming and robust refusal
Mantas Mazeika, Long Phan, Xuwang Yin, Andy Zou, Zifan Wang, Norman Mu, Elham Sakhaee, Nathaniel Li, Steven Basart, Bo Li, David Forsyth, and Dan Hendrycks. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Later among the works it cites.
Weixiang Zhao, Yulin Hu, Zhuojun Li, Yang Deng, Yanyan Zhao, Bing Qin, and Tat-Seng Chua. 2024 · 2024
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On prompt-driven safeguarding for large language models
Chujie Zheng, Fan Yin, Hao Zhou, Fandong Meng, Jie Zhou, Kai-Wei Chang, Minlie Huang, and Nanyun Peng. 2024 · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
Qihuang Zhong, Liang Ding, Juhua Liu, Bo Du, and Dacheng Tao. 2024 · 2024
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Easyjailbreak: A unified framework for jailbreaking large language models
Weikang Zhou, Xiao Wang, Limao Xiong, Han Xia, Yingshuang Gu, Mingxu Chai, Fukang Zhu, Caishuang Huang, Shihan Dou, Zhiheng Xi, et al. 2024 · 2024
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Recommendations for technical ai safety research directions
Anthropic. 2025 · 2025
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Programming refusal with conditional activation steering
Bruce W Lee, Inkit Padhi, Karthikeyan Natesan Ramamurthy, Erik Miehling, Pierre Dognin, Manish Nagireddy, and Amit Dhurandhar. 2025 · 2025
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Revisiting jailbreaking for large language models: A representation engineering perspective
Tianlong Li, Zhenghua Wang, Wenhao Liu, Muling Wu, Shihan Dou, Changze Lv, Xiaohua Wang, Xiaoqing Zheng, and Xuan-Jing Huang. 2025 · 2025
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Jailbreak antidote: Runtime safety-utility balance via sparse representation adjustment in large language models
Guobin Shen, Dongcheng Zhao, Yiting Dong, Xiang He, and Yi Zeng. 2025 · 2025
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Surgical, cheap, and flexible: Mitigating false refusal in language models via single vector ablation
Xinpeng Wang, Chengzhi Hu, Paul Röttger, and Barbara Plank. 2025 · 2025
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Trading inference-time compute for adversarial robustness
Wojciech Zaremba, Evgenia Nitishinskaya, Boaz Barak, Stephanie Lin, Sam Toyer, Yaodong Yu, Rachel Dias, Eric Wallace, Kai Xiao, and Johannes Heidecke Amelia Glaese. 2025 · 2025
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Shenyi Zhang, Yuchen Zhai, Keyan Guo, Hongxin Hu, Shengnan Guo, Zheng Fang, Lingchen Zhao, Chao Shen, Cong Wang, and Qian Wang. 2025 · 2025
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Mpo: Multilingual safety alignment via reward gap optimization
Weixiang Zhao, Yulin Hu, Yang Deng, Tongtong Wu, Wenxuan Zhang, Jiahe Guo, An Zhang, Yanyan Zhao, Bing Qin, Tat-Seng Chua, et al. 2025 · 2025
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