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As Large Language Models (LLMs) gain widespread practical application, offering model families with varying parameter sizes has become standard practice to accommodate diverse computational requirements.
The LAMBADA dataset: Word prediction requiring a broad discourse context
Denis Paperno, Germán Kruszewski, Angeliki Lazaridou, Ngoc Quan Pham, Raffaella Bernardi, Sandro Pezzelle, Marco Baroni, Gemma Boleda, and Raquel Fernández · 2016
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Pointer sentinel mixture models
Stephen Merity, Caiming Xiong, James Bradbury, and Richard Socher · 2017
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Attention is all you need
Ashish Vaswani, Noam Shazeer, Niki Parmar, Jakob Uszkoreit, Llion Jones, Aidan N Gomez, Łukasz Kaiser, and Illia Polosukhin · 2017
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Think you have solved question answering? try arc, the ai2 reasoning challenge, 2018
Peter Clark, Isaac Cowhey, Oren Etzioni, Tushar Khot, Ashish Sabharwal, Carissa Schoenick, and Oyvind Tafjord · 2018
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Can a suit of armor conduct electricity? a new dataset for open book question answering
Todor Mihaylov, Peter Clark, Tushar Khot, and Ashish Sabharwal · 2018
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Language models are unsupervised multitask learners, 2019
Alec Radford, Jeff Wu, Rewon Child, David Luan, Dario Amodei, and Ilya Sutskever · 2019
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HellaSwag: Can a machine really finish your sentence?
Rowan Zellers, Ari Holtzman, Yonatan Bisk, Ali Farhadi, and Yejin Choi · 2019
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Piqa: Reasoning about physical commonsense in natural language
Yonatan Bisk, Rowan Zellers, Ronan bras, Jianfeng Gao, and Choi Yejin · 2020
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Language models are few-shot learners
Tom Brown, Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, Melanie Subbiah, Jared D Kaplan, Prafulla Dhariwal, Arvind Neelakantan, Pranav Shyam, Girish Sastry, Amanda Askell, et al · 2020
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Scaling laws for neural language models
Jared Kaplan, Sam McCandlish, Tom Henighan, Tom B Brown, Benjamin Chess, Rewon Child, Scott Gray, Alec Radford, Jeffrey Wu, and Dario Amodei · 2020
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An empirical analysis of backward compatibility in machine learning systems
Megha Srivastava, Besmira Nushi, Ece Kamar, Shital Shah, and Eric Horvitz · 2020
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Winogrande: An adversarial winograd schema challenge at scale
Keisuke Sakaguchi, Ronan Le Bras, Chandra Bhagavatula, and Yejin Choi · 2021
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bert2BERT: Towards reusable pretrained language models
Cheng Chen, Yichun Yin, Lifeng Shang, Xin Jiang, Yujia Qin, Fengyu Wang, Zhi Wang, Xiao Chen, Zhiyuan Liu, and Qun Liu · 2022
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An empirical analysis of compute-optimal large language model training
Jordan Hoffmann, Sebastian Borgeaud, Arthur Mensch, Elena Buchatskaya, Trevor Cai, Eliza Rutherford, Diego de las Casas, Lisa Anne Hendricks, Johannes Welbl, Aidan Clark, Tom Hennigan, Eric Noland, Katherine Millican, George van den Driessche, Bogdan Damoc, Aurelia Guy, Simon Osindero, Karen Simonyan, Erich Elsen, Oriol Vinyals, Jack William Rae, and Laurent Sifre · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Knowledge inheritance for pre-trained language models
Yujia Qin, Yankai Lin, Jing Yi, Jiajie Zhang, Xu Han, Zhengyan Zhang, Yusheng Su, Zhiyuan Liu, Peng Li, Maosong Sun, and Jie Zhou · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Emergent abilities of large language models
Jason Wei, Yi Tay, Rishi Bommasani, Colin Raffel, Barret Zoph, Sebastian Borgeaud, Dani Yogatama, Maarten Bosma, Denny Zhou, Donald Metzler, Ed H. Chi, Tatsunori Hashimoto, Oriol Vinyals, Percy Liang, Jeff Dean, and William Fedus · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Enhancing chat language models by scaling high-quality instructional conversations
Ning Ding, Yulin Chen, Bokai Xu, Yujia Qin, Shengding Hu, Zhiyuan Liu, Maosong Sun, and Bowen Zhou · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Llama guard: LLM-based input-output safeguard for Human-AI conversations
ULTRAFEEDBACK: Boosting language models with scaled AI feedback
Ganqu Cui, Lifan Yuan, Ning Ding, Guanming Yao, Bingxiang He, Wei Zhu, Yuan Ni, Guotong Xie, Ruobing Xie, Yankai Lin, Zhiyuan Liu, and Maosong Sun · 2024
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Stacking your transformers: A closer look at model growth for efficient LLM pre-training
Wenyu Du, Tongxu Luo, Zihan Qiu, Zeyu Huang, Yikang Shen, Reynold Cheng, Yike Guo, and Jie Fu · 2024
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MUSCLE: A model update strategy for compatible LLM evolution
Jessica Maria Echterhoff, Fartash Faghri, Raviteja Vemulapalli, Ting-Yao Hu, Chun-Liang Li, Oncel Tuzel, and Hadi Pouransari · 2024
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Gemma: Open models based on gemini research and technology
GemmaTeam · 2024
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Direct language model alignment from online ai feedback
Shangmin Guo, Biao Zhang, Tianlin Liu, Tianqi Liu, Misha Khalman, Felipe Llinares, Alexandre Rame, Thomas Mesnard, Yao Zhao, Bilal Piot, et al · 2024
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Hakan Inan, Kartikeya Upasani, Jianfeng Chi, Rashi Rungta, Krithika Iyer, Yuning Mao, Michael Tontchev, Qing Hu, Brian Fuller, Davide Testuggine, et al · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Fast inference from transformers via speculative decoding
Yaniv Leviathan, Matan Kalman, and Yossi Matias · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Direct preference optimization: Your language model is secretly a reward model
Rafael Rafailov, Archit Sharma, Eric Mitchell, Christopher D Manning, Stefano Ermon, and Chelsea Finn · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Spike no more: Stabilizing the pre-training of large language models
Sho Takase, Shun Kiyono, Sosuke Kobayashi, and Jun Suzuki · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Llama: Open and efficient foundation language models
Hugo Touvron, Thibaut Lavril, Gautier Izacard, Xavier Martinet, Marie-Anne Lachaux, Timothée Lacroix, Baptiste Rozière, Naman Goyal, Eric Hambro, Faisal Azhar, et al · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Judging LLM-as-a-judge with MT-bench and chatbot arena
Lianmin Zheng, Wei-Lin Chiang, Ying Sheng, Siyuan Zhuang, Zhanghao Wu, Yonghao Zhuang, Zi Lin, Zhuohan Li, Dacheng Li, Eric Xing, Hao Zhang, Joseph E. Gonzalez, and Ion Stoica · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Phi-3 technical report: A highly capable language model locally on your phone
Marah Abdin, Jyoti Aneja, Hany Awadalla, Ahmed Awadallah, Ammar Ahmad Awan, Nguyen Bach, Amit Bahree, Arash Bakhtiari, Jianmin Bao, Harkirat Behl, et al · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
The llama 3 herd of models, 2024
AI@Meta · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
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SimPO: Simple preference optimization with a reference-free reward
Yu Meng, Mengzhou Xia, and Danqi Chen · 2024
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The FineWeb datasets: Decanting the Web for the finest text data at scale
Guilherme Penedo, Hynek Kydlíček, Loubna Ben allal, Anton Lozhkov, Margaret Mitchell, Colin Raffel, Leandro Von Werra, and Thomas Wolf · 2024
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Beyond chinchilla-optimal: Accounting for inference in language model scaling laws
Nikhil Sardana, Jacob Portes, Sasha Doubov, and Jonathan Frankle · 2024
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Preference fine-tuning of LLMs should leverage suboptimal, on-policy data
Fahim Tajwar, Anikait Singh, Archit Sharma, Rafael Rafailov, Jeff Schneider, Tengyang Xie, Stefano Ermon, Chelsea Finn, and Aviral Kumar · 2024
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Small-scale proxies for large-scale transformer training instabilities
Mitchell Wortsman, Peter J Liu, Lechao Xiao, Katie E Everett, Alexander A Alemi, Ben Adlam, John D Co-Reyes, Izzeddin Gur, Abhishek Kumar, Roman Novak, Jeffrey Pennington, Jascha Sohl-Dickstein, Kelvin Xu, Jaehoon Lee, Justin Gilmer, and Simon Kornblith · 2024
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WPO: Enhancing RLHF with weighted preference optimization
Wenxuan Zhou, Ravi Agrawal, Shujian Zhang, Sathish Reddy Indurthi, Sanqiang Zhao, Kaiqiang Song, Silei Xu, and Chenguang Zhu · 2024
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GemmaTeam · 2025
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