Fetching the paper…
Reading the bibliography…
We evaluated 4 systems (ELIZA, GPT-4o, LLaMa-3.1-405B, and GPT-4.5) in two randomised, controlled, and pre-registered Turing tests on independent populations.
I.—COMPUTING MACHINERY AND INTELLIGENCE
Turing, A. M. (1950) · 1950
Earlier work this paper cites.
The imitation game
Gunderson, K. (1964) · 1964
Earlier work this paper cites.
ELIZA—a computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine
Weizenbaum, J. (1966) · 1966
Earlier work this paper cites.
Minds, Brains, and Programs
Searle, J. R. (1980) · 1980
Earlier work this paper cites.
Psychologism and behaviorism
Block, N. (1981) · 1981
Earlier work this paper cites.
Minds, machines and Searle
Harnad, S. (1989) · 1989
Earlier work this paper cites.
Lessons from a restricted Turing test
Shieber, S. M. (1994) · 1994
Earlier work this paper cites.
Controlling the False Discovery Rate: A Practical and Powerful Approach to Multiple Testing
Benjamini, Y. and Hochberg, Y. (1995) · 1995
Earlier work this paper cites.
Turing Test Considered Harmful
Hayes, P. and Ford, K. (1995) · 1995
Earlier work this paper cites.
Intelligence: Knowns and Unknowns
Neisser, U., Boodoo, G., Bouchard, T. J., Boykin, A. W., Brody, N., Ceci, S. J., Halpern, D. E., Loehlin, J. C., Perloff, R., Sternberg, R. J., and Urbina, S. (1996) · 1996
Earlier work this paper cites.
The Turing Test: The first 50 years
French, R. M. (2000) · 2000
Earlier work this paper cites.
Turing Test: 50 Years Later
Saygin, A., Cicekli, I., and Akman, V. (2000) · 2000
Earlier work this paper cites.
Deep blue
Campbell, M., Hoane Jr, A. J., and Hsu, F.-h. (2002) · 2002
Earlier work this paper cites.
Parsing the Turing Test: Philosophical and Methodological Issues in the Quest for the Thinking Computer
Epstein, R., Roberts, G., and Beber, G., editors (2009) · 2009
Earlier work this paper cites.
The Turing Test: Mapping and Navigating the Debate
Horn, R. E. (2009) · 2009
Earlier work this paper cites.
A Wager on the Turing Test
Kurzweil, R. and Kapor, M. (2009) · 2009
Earlier work this paper cites.
How to Hold a Turing Test Contest
Loebner, H. (2009) · 2009
Earlier work this paper cites.
The Most Human Human: What Talking with Computers Teaches Us about What It Means to Be Alive
Christian, B. (2011) · 2011
Earlier work this paper cites.
Alone Together: Why We Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other
Turkle, S. (2011) · 2011
Earlier work this paper cites.
R: A language and environment for statistical computing
R Core Team, R. (2013) · 2013
Cited alongside, same era.
Computer Simulation of Human Thinking
Newell, A. and Simon, H. A. (1961) · 2017
Cited alongside, same era.
Reversing Bonferroni
Francis, G. and Thunell, E. (2021) · 2021
Cited alongside, same era.
The Turing Test
Oppy, G. and Dowe, D. (2021) · 2021
Cited alongside, same era.
AI and the Everything in the Whole Wide World Benchmark
Raji, I. D., Bender, E. M., Paullada, A., Denton, E., and Hanna, A. (2021) · 2021
Cited alongside, same era.
Beyond the Imitation Game: Quantifying and extrapolating the capabilities of language models
Srivastava, A., Rastogi, A., Rao, A., Shoeb, A. A. M., Abid, A., Fisch, A., Brown, A. R., Santoro, A., Gupta, A., Garriga-Alonso, A., Kluska, A., Lewkowycz, A., Agarwal, A., Power, A., Ray, A., Warstadt, A., Kocurek, A. W., Safaya, A., Tazarv, A., Xiang, A., Parrish, A., Nie, A., Hussain, A., Askell, A., Dsouza, A., Slone, A., Rahane, A., Iyer, A. S., Andreassen, A., Madotto, A., Santilli, A., Stuhlmüller, A., Dai, A., La, A., Lampinen, A., Zou, A., Jiang, A., Chen, A., Vuong, A., Gupta, A., Gottardi, A., Norelli, A., Venkatesh, A., Gholamidavoodi, A., Tabassum, A., Menezes, A., Kirubarajan, A., Mullokandov, A., Sabharwal, A., Herrick, A., Efrat, A., Erdem, A., Karakaş, A., Roberts, B. R., Loe, B. S., Zoph, B., Bojanowski, B., Özyurt, B., Hedayatnia, B., Neyshabur, B., Inden, B., Stein, B., Ekmekci, B., Lin, B. Y., Howald, B., Diao, C., Dour, C., Stinson, C., Argueta, C., Ramírez, C. F., Singh, C., Rathkopf, C., Meng, C., Baral, C., Wu, C., Callison-Burch, C., Waites, C., Voigt, C., Manning, C. D., Potts, C., Ramirez, C., Rivera, C. E., Siro, C., Raffel, C., Ashcraft, C., Garbacea, C., Sileo, D., Garrette, D., Hendrycks, D., Kilman, D., Roth, D., Freeman, D., Khashabi, D., Levy, D., González, D. M., Perszyk, D., Hernandez, D., Chen, D., Ippolito, D., Gilboa, D., Dohan, D., Drakard, D., Jurgens, D., Datta, D., Ganguli, D., Emelin, D., Kleyko, D., Yuret, D., Chen, D., Tam, D., Hupkes, D., Misra, D., Buzan, D., Mollo, D. C., Yang, D., Lee, D.-H., Shutova, E., Cubuk, E. D., Segal, E., Hagerman, E., Barnes, E., Donoway, E., Pavlick, E., Rodola, E., Lam, E., Chu, E., Tang, E., Erdem, E., Chang, E., Chi, E. A., Dyer, E., Jerzak, E., Kim, E., Manyasi, E. E., Zheltonozhskii, E., Xia, F., Siar, F., Martínez-Plumed, F., Happé, F., Chollet, F., Rong, F., Mishra, G., Winata, G. I., de Melo, G., Kruszewski, G., Parascandolo, G., Mariani, G., Wang, G., Jaimovitch-López, G., Betz, G., Gur-Ari, G., Galijasevic, H., Kim, H., Rashkin, H., Hajishirzi, H., Mehta, H., Bogar, H., Shevlin, H., Schütze, H., Yakura, H., Zhang, H., Wong, H. M., Ng, I., Noble, I., Jumelet, J., Geissinger, J., Kernion, J., Hilton, J., Lee, J., Fisac, J. F., Simon, J. B., Koppel, J., Zheng, J., Zou, J., Kocoń, J., Thompson, J., Kaplan, J., Radom, J., Sohl-Dickstein, J., Phang, J., Wei, J., Yosinski, J., Novikova, J., Bosscher, J., Marsh, J., Kim, J., Taal, J., Engel, J., Alabi, J., Xu, J., Song, J., Tang, J., Waweru, J., Burden, J., Miller, J., Balis, J. U., Berant, J., Frohberg, J., Rozen, J., Hernandez-Orallo, J., Boudeman, J., Jones, J., Tenenbaum, J. B., Rule, J. S., Chua, J., Kanclerz, K., Livescu, K., Krauth, K., Gopalakrishnan, K., Ignatyeva, K., Markert, K., Dhole, K. D., Gimpel, K., Omondi, K., Mathewson, K., Chiafullo, K., Shkaruta, K., Shridhar, K., McDonell, K., Richardson, K., Reynolds, L., Gao, L., Zhang, L., Dugan, L., Qin, L., Contreras-Ochando, L., Morency, L.-P., Moschella, L., Lam, L., Noble, L., Schmidt, L., He, L., Colón, L. O., Metz, L., Şenel, L. K., Bosma, M., Sap, M., ter Hoeve, M., Farooqi, M., Faruqui, M., Mazeika, M., Baturan, M., Marelli, M., Maru, M., Quintana, M. J. R., Tolkiehn, M., Giulianelli, M., Lewis, M., Potthast, M., Leavitt, M. L., Hagen, M., Schubert, M., Baitemirova, M. O., Arnaud, M., McElrath, M., Yee, M. A., Cohen, M., Gu, M., Ivanitskiy, M., Starritt, M., Strube, M., Swędrowski, M., Bevilacqua, M., Yasunaga, M., Kale, M., Cain, M., Xu, M., Suzgun, M., Tiwari, M., Bansal, M., Aminnaseri, M., Geva, M., Gheini, M., T, M. V., Peng, N., Chi, N., Lee, N., Krakover, N. G.-A., Cameron, N., Roberts, N., Doiron, N., Nangia, N., Deckers, N., Muennighoff, N., Keskar, N. S., Iyer, N. S., Constant, N., Fiedel, N., Wen, N., Zhang, O., Agha, O., Elbaghdadi, O., Levy, O., Evans, O., Casares, P. A. M., Doshi, P., Fung, P., Liang, P. P., Vicol, P., Alipoormolabashi, P., Liao, P., Liang, P., Chang, P., Eckersley, P., Htut, P. M., Hwang, P., Miłkowski, P., Patil, P., Pezeshkpour, P., Oli, P., Mei, Q., Lyu, Q., Chen, Q., Banjade, R., Rudolph, R. E., Gabriel, R., Habacker, R., Delgado, R. R., Millière, R., Garg, R., Barnes, R., Saurous, R. A., Arakawa, R., Raymaekers, R., Frank, R., Sikand, R., Novak, R., Sitelew, R., LeBras, R., Liu, R., Jacobs, R., Zhang, R., Salakhutdinov, R., Chi, R., Lee, R., Stovall, R., Teehan, R., Yang, R., Singh, S., Mohammad, S. M., Anand, S., Dillavou, S., Shleifer, S., Wiseman, S., Gruetter, S., Bowman, S. R., Schoenholz, S. S., Han, S., Kwatra, S., Rous, S. A., Ghazarian, S., Ghosh, S., Casey, S., Bischoff, S., Gehrmann, S., Schuster, S., Sadeghi, S., Hamdan, S., Zhou, S., Srivastava, S., Shi, S., Singh, S., Asaadi, S., Gu, S. S., Pachchigar, S., Toshniwal, S., Upadhyay, S., Shyamolima, Debnath, Shakeri, S., Thormeyer, S., Melzi, S., Reddy, S., Makini, S. P., Lee, S.-H., Torene, S., Hatwar, S., Dehaene, S., Divic, S., Ermon, S., Biderman, S., Lin, S., Prasad, S., Piantadosi, S. T., Shieber, S. M., Misherghi, S., Kiritchenko, S., Mishra, S., Linzen, T., Schuster, T., Li, T., Yu, T., Ali, T., Hashimoto, T., Wu, T.-L., Desbordes, T., Rothschild, T., Phan, T., Wang, T., Nkinyili, T., Schick, T., Kornev, T., Telleen-Lawton, T., Tunduny, T., Gerstenberg, T., Chang, T., Neeraj, T., Khot, T., Shultz, T., Shaham, U., Misra, V., Demberg, V., Nyamai, V., Raunak, V., Ramasesh, V., Prabhu, V. U., Padmakumar, V., Srikumar, V., Fedus, W., Saunders, W., Zhang, W., Vossen, W., Ren, X., Tong, X., Zhao, X., Wu, X., Shen, X., Yaghoobzadeh, Y., Lakretz, Y., Song, Y., Bahri, Y., Choi, Y., Yang, Y., Hao, Y., Chen, Y., Belinkov, Y., Hou, Y., Hou, Y., Bai, Y., Seid, Z., Zhao, Z., Wang, Z., Wang, Z. J., Wang, Z., and Wu, Z. (2022) · 2022
GPT-4 Technical Report
OpenAI (2023) · 2023
Later among the works it cites.
Large Language Models for Enhancing Customer Lifecycle Management
Soni, V. (2023) · 2023
Later among the works it cites.
A Mechanism-Based Approach to Mitigating Harms from Persuasive Generative AI
El-Sayed, S., Akbulut, C., McCroskery, A., Keeling, G., Kenton, Z., Jalan, Z., Marchal, N., Manzini, A., Shevlane, T., Vallor, S., Susser, D., Franklin, M., Bridgers, S., Law, H., Rahtz, M., Shanahan, M., Tessler, M. H., Everitt, T., and Brown, S. (2024) · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
The Llama 3 Herd of Models
Grattafiori, A., Dubey, A., Jauhri, A., Pandey, A., Kadian, A., Al-Dahle, A., Letman, A., Mathur, A., Schelten, A., Vaughan, A., Yang, A., Fan, A., Goyal, A., Hartshorn, A., Yang, A., Mitra, A., Sravankumar, A., Korenev, A., Hinsvark, A., Rao, A., Zhang, A., Rodriguez, A., Gregerson, A., Spataru, A., Roziere, B., Biron, B., Tang, B., Chern, B., Caucheteux, C., Nayak, C., Bi, C., Marra, C., McConnell, C., Keller, C., Touret, C., Wu, C., Wong, C., Ferrer, C. C., Nikolaidis, C., Allonsius, D., Song, D., Pintz, D., Livshits, D., Wyatt, D., Esiobu, D., Choudhary, D., Mahajan, D., Garcia-Olano, D., Perino, D., Hupkes, D., Lakomkin, E., AlBadawy, E., Lobanova, E., Dinan, E., Smith, E. M., Radenovic, F., Guzmán, F., Zhang, F., Synnaeve, G., Lee, G., Anderson, G. L., Thattai, G., Nail, G., Mialon, G., Pang, G., Cucurell, G., Nguyen, H., Korevaar, H., Xu, H., Touvron, H., Zarov, I., Ibarra, I. A., Kloumann, I., Misra, I., Evtimov, I., Zhang, J., Copet, J., Lee, J., Geffert, J., Vranes, J., Park, J., Mahadeokar, J., Shah, J., van der Linde, J., Billock, J., Hong, J., Lee, J., Fu, J., Chi, J., Huang, J., Liu, J., Wang, J., Yu, J., Bitton, J., Spisak, J., Park, J., Rocca, J., Johnstun, J., Saxe, J., Jia, J., Alwala, K. V., Prasad, K., Upasani, K., Plawiak, K., Li, K., Heafield, K., Stone, K., El-Arini, K., Iyer, K., Malik, K., Chiu, K., Bhalla, K., Lakhotia, K., Rantala-Yeary, L., van der Maaten, L., Chen, L., Tan, L., Jenkins, L., Martin, L., Madaan, L., Malo, L., Blecher, L., Landzaat, L., de Oliveira, L., Muzzi, M., Pasupuleti, M., Singh, M., Paluri, M., Kardas, M., Tsimpoukelli, M., Oldham, M., Rita, M., Pavlova, M., Kambadur, M., Lewis, M., Si, M., Singh, M. K., Hassan, M., Goyal, N., Torabi, N., Bashlykov, N., Bogoychev, N., Chatterji, N., Zhang, N., Duchenne, O., Çelebi, O., Alrassy, P., Zhang, P., Li, P., Vasic, P., Weng, P., Bhargava, P., Dubal, P., Krishnan, P., Koura, P. S., Xu, P., He, Q., Dong, Q., Srinivasan, R., Ganapathy, R., Calderer, R., Cabral, R. S., Stojnic, R., Raileanu, R., Maheswari, R., Girdhar, R., Patel, R., Sauvestre, R., Polidoro, R., Sumbaly, R., Taylor, R., Silva, R., Hou, R., Wang, R., Hosseini, S., Chennabasappa, S., Singh, S., Bell, S., Kim, S. S., Edunov, S., Nie, S., Narang, S., Raparthy, S., Shen, S., Wan, S., Bhosale, S., Zhang, S., Vandenhende, S., Batra, S., Whitman, S., Sootla, S., Collot, S., Gururangan, S., Borodinsky, S., Herman, T., Fowler, T., Sheasha, T., Georgiou, T., Scialom, T., Speckbacher, T., Mihaylov, T., Xiao, T., Karn, U., Goswami, V., Gupta, V., Ramanathan, V., Kerkez, V., Gonguet, V., Do, V., Vogeti, V., Albiero, V., Petrovic, V., Chu, W., Xiong, W., Fu, W., Meers, W., Martinet, X., Wang, X., Wang, X., Tan, X. E., Xia, X., Xie, X., Jia, X., Wang, X., Goldschlag, Y., Gaur, Y., Babaei, Y., Wen, Y., Song, Y., Zhang, Y., Li, Y., Mao, Y., Coudert, Z. D., Yan, Z., Chen, Z., Papakipos, Z., Singh, A., Srivastava, A., Jain, A., Kelsey, A., Shajnfeld, A., Gangidi, A., Victoria, A., Goldstand, A., Menon, A., Sharma, A., Boesenberg, A., Baevski, A., Feinstein, A., Kallet, A., Sangani, A., Teo, A., Yunus, A., Lupu, A., Alvarado, A., Caples, A., Gu, A., Ho, A., Poulton, A., Ryan, A., Ramchandani, A., Dong, A., Franco, A., Goyal, A., Saraf, A., Chowdhury, A., Gabriel, A., Bharambe, A., Eisenman, A., Yazdan, A., James, B., Maurer, B., Leonhardi, B., Huang, B., Loyd, B., Paola, B. D., Paranjape, B., Liu, B., Wu, B., Ni, B., Hancock, B., Wasti, B., Spence, B., Stojkovic, B., Gamido, B., Montalvo, B., Parker, C., Burton, C., Mejia, C., Liu, C., Wang, C., Kim, C., Zhou, C., Hu, C., Chu, C.-H., Cai, C., Tindal, C., Feichtenhofer, C., Gao, C., Civin, D., Beaty, D., Kreymer, D., Li, D., Adkins, D., Xu, D., Testuggine, D., David, D., Parikh, D., Liskovich, D., Foss, D., Wang, D., Le, D., Holland, D., Dowling, E., Jamil, E., Montgomery, E., Presani, E., Hahn, E., Wood, E., Le, E.-T., Brinkman, E., Arcaute, E., Dunbar, E., Smothers, E., Sun, F., Kreuk, F., Tian, F., Kokkinos, F., Ozgenel, F., Caggioni, F., Kanayet, F., Seide, F., Florez, G. M., Schwarz, G., Badeer, G., Swee, G., Halpern, G., Herman, G., Sizov, G., Guangyi, Zhang, Lakshminarayanan, G., Inan, H., Shojanazeri, H., Zou, H., Wang, H., Zha, H., Habeeb, H., Rudolph, H., Suk, H., Aspegren, H., Goldman, H., Zhan, H., Damlaj, I., Molybog, I., Tufanov, I., Leontiadis, I., Veliche, I.-E., Gat, I., Weissman, J., Geboski, J., Kohli, J., Lam, J., Asher, J., Gaya, J.-B., Marcus, J., Tang, J., Chan, J., Zhen, J., Reizenstein, J., Teboul, J., Zhong, J., Jin, J., Yang, J., Cummings, J., Carvill, J., Shepard, J., McPhie, J., Torres, J., Ginsburg, J., Wang, J., Wu, K., U, K. H., Saxena, K., Khandelwal, K., Zand, K., Matosich, K., Veeraraghavan, K., Michelena, K., Li, K., Jagadeesh, K., Huang, K., Chawla, K., Huang, K., Chen, L., Garg, L., A, L., Silva, L., Bell, L., Zhang, L., Guo, L., Yu, L., Moshkovich, L., Wehrstedt, L., Khabsa, M., Avalani, M., Bhatt, M., Mankus, M., Hasson, M., Lennie, M., Reso, M., Groshev, M., Naumov, M., Lathi, M., Keneally, M., Liu, M., Seltzer, M. L., Valko, M., Restrepo, M., Patel, M., Vyatskov, M., Samvelyan, M., Clark, M., Macey, M., Wang, M., Hermoso, M. J., Metanat, M., Rastegari, M., Bansal, M., Santhanam, N., Parks, N., White, N., Bawa, N., Singhal, N., Egebo, N., Usunier, N., Mehta, N., Laptev, N. P., Dong, N., Cheng, N., Chernoguz, O., Hart, O., Salpekar, O., Kalinli, O., Kent, P., Parekh, P., Saab, P., Balaji, P., Rittner, P., Bontrager, P., Roux, P., Dollar, P., Zvyagina, P., Ratanchandani, P., Yuvraj, P., Liang, Q., Alao, R., Rodriguez, R., Ayub, R., Murthy, R., Nayani, R., Mitra, R., Parthasarathy, R., Li, R., Hogan, R., Battey, R., Wang, R., Howes, R., Rinott, R., Mehta, S., Siby, S., Bondu, S. J., Datta, S., Chugh, S., Hunt, S., Dhillon, S., Sidorov, S., Pan, S., Mahajan, S., Verma, S., Yamamoto, S., Ramaswamy, S., Lindsay, S., Lindsay, S., Feng, S., Lin, S., Zha, S. C., Patil, S., Shankar, S., Zhang, S., Zhang, S., Wang, S., Agarwal, S., Sajuyigbe, S., Chintala, S., Max, S., Chen, S., Kehoe, S., Satterfield, S., Govindaprasad, S., Gupta, S., Deng, S., Cho, S., Virk, S., Subramanian, S., Choudhury, S., Goldman, S., Remez, T., Glaser, T., Best, T., Koehler, T., Robinson, T., Li, T., Zhang, T., Matthews, T., Chou, T., Shaked, T., Vontimitta, V., Ajayi, V., Montanez, V., Mohan, V., Kumar, V. S., Mangla, V., Ionescu, V., Poenaru, V., Mihailescu, V. T., Ivanov, V., Li, W., Wang, W., Jiang, W., Bouaziz, W., Constable, W., Tang, X., Wu, X., Wang, X., Wu, X., Gao, X., Kleinman, Y., Chen, Y., Hu, Y., Jia, Y., Qi, Y., Li, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y., Adi, Y., Nam, Y., Yu, Wang, Zhao, Y., Hao, Y., Qian, Y., Li, Y., He, Y., Rait, Z., DeVito, Z., Rosnbrick, Z., Wen, Z., Yang, Z., Zhao, Z., and Ma, Z. (2024) · 2024
alphaXiv searches the wider corpus for related work and actual follow-ups.
alphaXiv is searching for related work…
Cited alongside, same era.
The Turing test is not a good benchmark for thought in LLMs
Bayne, T. and Williams, I. (2023) · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
ChatGPT broke the Turing test — the race is on for new ways to assess AI
Bievere, C. (2023) · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Eliza chatbot in Python
Brainerd, W. (2023) · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Artificial Influence: An Analysis Of AI-Driven Persuasion
Burtell, M. and Woodside, T. (2023) · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Characterizing Manipulation from AI Systems
Carroll, M., Chan, A., Ashton, H., and Krueger, D. (2023) · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Social companionship with artificial intelligence: Recent trends and future avenues
Chaturvedi, R., Verma, S., Das, R., and Dwivedi, Y. K. (2023) · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Later among the works it cites.
Run a public online Turing Test with a variety of models and prompts
Manifund (2024) · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
The turing test and our shifting conceptions of intelligence
Mitchell, M. (2024) · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
Openai/openai-python
OpenAI (2024) · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
GPT-4o System Card
OpenAI, Hurst, A., Lerer, A., Goucher, A. P., Perelman, A., Ramesh, A., Clark, A., Ostrow, A. J., Welihinda, A., Hayes, A., Radford, A., Mądry, A., Baker-Whitcomb, A., Beutel, A., Borzunov, A., Carney, A., Chow, A., Kirillov, A., Nichol, A., Paino, A., Renzin, A., Passos, A. T., Kirillov, A., Christakis, A., Conneau, A., Kamali, A., Jabri, A., Moyer, A., Tam, A., Crookes, A., Tootoochian, A., Tootoonchian, A., Kumar, A., Vallone, A., Karpathy, A., Braunstein, A., Cann, A., Codispoti, A., Galu, A., Kondrich, A., Tulloch, A., Mishchenko, A., Baek, A., Jiang, A., Pelisse, A., Woodford, A., Gosalia, A., Dhar, A., Pantuliano, A., Nayak, A., Oliver, A., Zoph, B., Ghorbani, B., Leimberger, B., Rossen, B., Sokolowsky, B., Wang, B., Zweig, B., Hoover, B., Samic, B., McGrew, B., Spero, B., Giertler, B., Cheng, B., Lightcap, B., Walkin, B., Quinn, B., Guarraci, B., Hsu, B., Kellogg, B., Eastman, B., Lugaresi, C., Wainwright, C., Bassin, C., Hudson, C., Chu, C., Nelson, C., Li, C., Shern, C. J., Conger, C., Barette, C., Voss, C., Ding, C., Lu, C., Zhang, C., Beaumont, C., Hallacy, C., Koch, C., Gibson, C., Kim, C., Choi, C., McLeavey, C., Hesse, C., Fischer, C., Winter, C., Czarnecki, C., Jarvis, C., Wei, C., Koumouzelis, C., Sherburn, D., Kappler, D., Levin, D., Levy, D., Carr, D., Farhi, D., Mely, D., Robinson, D., Sasaki, D., Jin, D., Valladares, D., Tsipras, D., Li, D., Nguyen, D. P., Findlay, D., Oiwoh, E., Wong, E., Asdar, E., Proehl, E., Yang, E., Antonow, E., Kramer, E., Peterson, E., Sigler, E., Wallace, E., Brevdo, E., Mays, E., Khorasani, F., Such, F. P., Raso, F., Zhang, F., von Lohmann, F., Sulit, F., Goh, G., Oden, G., Salmon, G., Starace, G., Brockman, G., Salman, H., Bao, H., Hu, H., Wong, H., Wang, H., Schmidt, H., Whitney, H., Jun, H., Kirchner, H., Pinto, H. P. d. O., Ren, H., Chang, H., Chung, H. W., Kivlichan, I., O’Connell, I., O’Connell, I., Osband, I., Silber, I., Sohl, I., Okuyucu, I., Lan, I., Kostrikov, I., Sutskever, I., Kanitscheider, I., Gulrajani, I., Coxon, J., Menick, J., Pachocki, J., Aung, J., Betker, J., Crooks, J., Lennon, J., Kiros, J., Leike, J., Park, J., Kwon, J., Phang, J., Teplitz, J., Wei, J., Wolfe, J., Chen, J., Harris, J., Varavva, J., Lee, J. G., Shieh, J., Lin, J., Yu, J., Weng, J., Tang, J., Yu, J., Jang, J., Candela, J. Q., Beutler, J., Landers, J., Parish, J., Heidecke, J., Schulman, J., Lachman, J., McKay, J., Uesato, J., Ward, J., Kim, J. W., Huizinga, J., Sitkin, J., Kraaijeveld, J., Gross, J., Kaplan, J., Snyder, J., Achiam, J., Jiao, J., Lee, J., Zhuang, J., Harriman, J., Fricke, K., Hayashi, K., Singhal, K., Shi, K., Karthik, K., Wood, K., Rimbach, K., Hsu, K., Nguyen, K., Gu-Lemberg, K., Button, K., Liu, K., Howe, K., Muthukumar, K., Luther, K., Ahmad, L., Kai, L., Itow, L., Workman, L., Pathak, L., Chen, L., Jing, L., Guy, L., Fedus, L., Zhou, L., Mamitsuka, L., Weng, L., McCallum, L., Held, L., Ouyang, L., Feuvrier, L., Zhang, L., Kondraciuk, L., Kaiser, L., Hewitt, L., Metz, L., Doshi, L., Aflak, M., Simens, M., Boyd, M., Thompson, M., Dukhan, M., Chen, M., Gray, M., Hudnall, M., Zhang, M., Aljubeh, M., Litwin, M., Zeng, M., Johnson, M., Shetty, M., Gupta, M., Shah, M., Yatbaz, M., Yang, M. J., Zhong, M., Glaese, M., Chen, M., Janner, M., Lampe, M., Petrov, M., Wu, M., Wang, M., Fradin, M., Pokrass, M., Castro, M., de Castro, M. O. T., Pavlov, M., Brundage, M., Wang, M., Khan, M., Murati, M., Bavarian, M., Lin, M., Yesildal, M., Soto, N., Gimelshein, N., Cone, N., Staudacher, N., Summers, N., LaFontaine, N., Chowdhury, N., Ryder, N., Stathas, N., Turley, N., Tezak, N., Felix, N., Kudige, N., Keskar, N., Deutsch, N., Bundick, N., Puckett, N., Nachum, O., Okelola, O., Boiko, O., Murk, O., Jaffe, O., Watkins, O., Godement, O., Campbell-Moore, O., Chao, P., McMillan, P., Belov, P., Su, P., Bak, P., Bakkum, P., Deng, P., Dolan, P., Hoeschele, P., Welinder, P., Tillet, P., Pronin, P., Tillet, P., Dhariwal, P., Yuan, Q., Dias, R., Lim, R., Arora, R., Troll, R., Lin, R., Lopes, R. G., Puri, R., Miyara, R., Leike, R., Gaubert, R., Zamani, R., Wang, R., Donnelly, R., Honsby, R., Smith, R., Sahai, R., Ramchandani, R., Huet, R., Carmichael, R., Zellers, R., Chen, R., Chen, R., Nigmatullin, R., Cheu, R., Jain, S., Altman, S., Schoenholz, S., Toizer, S., Miserendino, S., Agarwal, S., Culver, S., Ethersmith, S., Gray, S., Grove, S., Metzger, S., Hermani, S., Jain, S., Zhao, S., Wu, S., Jomoto, S., Wu, S., Shuaiqi, Xia, Phene, S., Papay, S., Narayanan, S., Coffey, S., Lee, S., Hall, S., Balaji, S., Broda, T., Stramer, T., Xu, T., Gogineni, T., Christianson, T., Sanders, T., Patwardhan, T., Cunninghman, T., Degry, T., Dimson, T., Raoux, T., Shadwell, T., Zheng, T., Underwood, T., Markov, T., Sherbakov, T., Rubin, T., Stasi, T., Kaftan, T., Heywood, T., Peterson, T., Walters, T., Eloundou, T., Qi, V., Moeller, V., Monaco, V., Kuo, V., Fomenko, V., Chang, W., Zheng, W., Zhou, W., Manassra, W., Sheu, W., Zaremba, W., Patil, Y., Qian, Y., Kim, Y., Cheng, Y., Zhang, Y., He, Y., Zhang, Y., Jin, Y., Dai, Y., and Malkov, Y. (2024) · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
AI deception: A survey of examples, risks, and potential solutions
Park, P. S., Goldstein, S., O’Gara, A., Chen, M., and Hendrycks, D. (2024) · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
The cyber-industrialization of catfishing and romance fraud
Wang, F. and Topalli, V. (2024) · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
A Comprehensive Study of Jailbreak Attack versus Defense for Large Language Models
Xu, Z., Liu, Y., Deng, G., Li, Y., and Picek, S. (2024) · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
LLMs, Turing tests and Chinese rooms: The prospects for meaning in large language models
Borg, E. (2025) · 2025
Closest in time.
ChatGPT-4 in the Turing Test: A Critical Analysis
Giunti, M. (2025) · 2025
Closest in time.
How to evaluate the cognitive abilities of LLMs
Ivanova, A. A. (2025) · 2025
Closest in time.
Why human-AI relationships need socioaffective alignment
Kirk, H. R., Gabriel, I., Summerfield, C., Vidgen, B., and Hale, S. A. (2025) · 2025
Closest in time.
Prolific | Quickly find research participants you can trust
Prolific (2025) · 2025
Closest in time.
ChatGPT-4 in the Turing Test
Restrepo Echavarría, R. (2025) · 2025
Closest in time.
The Imitation Game According To Turing
Temtsin, S., Proudfoot, D., Kaber, D., and Bartneck, C. (2025) · 2025
Closest in time.
Together AI – The AI Acceleration Cloud - Fast Inference, Fine-Tuning & Training
TogetherAI (2025) · 2025
Closest in time.