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The Model Context Protocol (MCP) is an emerging open standard that defines a unified, bi-directional communication and dynamic discovery protocol between AI models and external tools or resources, aiming to enhance interoperability and reduce fragmentation across diverse systems.
Language Server Protocol and Implementation
Nadeeshaan Gunasinghe and Nipuna Marcus. 2021 · 2021
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LangChain: Framework for developing applications powered by language models
LangChain. 2022 · 2022
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LlamaIndex: A data framework for LLM applications
Jerry Liu. 2022 · 2022
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Passwordless Persistence and Privilege Escalation in Azure
Slack Security Team. 2022 · 2022
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The Rise and Potential of Large Language Model Based Agents: A Survey
Zhiheng Xi, Wenxiang Chen, Xin Guo, Wei He, Yiwen Ding, Boyang Hong, Ming Zhang, Junzhe Wang, Senjie Jin, Enyu Zhou, Rui Zheng, Xiaoran Fan, Xiao Wang, Limao Xiong, Yuhao Zhou, Weiran Wang, Changhao Jiang, Yicheng Zou, Xiangyang Liu, Zhangyue Yin, Shihan Dou, Rongxiang Weng, Wensen Cheng, Qi Zhang, Wenjuan Qin, Yongyan Zheng, Xipeng Qiu, Xuanjing Huang, and Tao Gui. 2023 · 2023
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Coze plugin store
ByteDance. 2024 · 2024
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Towards Tool Use Alignment of Large Language Models. In Proceedings of the 2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing . 1382–1400
Zhi-Yuan Chen, Shiqi Shen, Guangyao Shen, Gong Zhi, Xu Chen, and Yankai Lin. 2024 · 2024
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The Power of Noise: Redefining Retrieval for RAG Systems
Florin Cuconasu, Giovanni Trappolini, Federico Siciliano, Simone Filice, Cesare Campagnano, Yoelle Maarek, Nicola Tonellotto, and Fabrizio Silvestri. 2024 · 2024
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AI Agents Under Threat: A Survey of Key Security Challenges and Future Pathways
Zehang Deng, Yongjian Guo, Changzhou Han, Wanlun Ma, Junwu Xiong, Sheng Wen, and Yang Xiang. 2024 · 2024
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A Survey on RAG Meeting LLMs: Towards Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models. In Proceedings of the 30th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, KDD 2024, Barcelona, Spain, August 25-29, 2024 , Ricardo Baeza-Yates and Francesco Bonchi (Eds.). ACM, 6491–6501
Wenqi Fan, Yujuan Ding, Liangbo Ning, Shijie Wang, Hengyun Li, Dawei Yin, Tat-Seng Chua, and Qing Li. 2024 · 2024
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Imprompter: Tricking LLM Agents into Improper Tool Use
Xiaohan Fu, Shuheng Li, Zihan Wang, Yihao Liu, Rajesh K. Gupta, Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick, and Earlence Fernandes. 2024 · 2024
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Navigating the Risks: A Survey of Security, Privacy, and Ethics Threats in LLM-Based Agents
Yuyou Gan, Yong Yang, Zhe Ma, Ping He, Rui Zeng, Yiming Wang, Qingming Li, Chunyi Zhou, Songze Li, Ting Wang, Yunjun Gao, Yingcai Wu, and Shouling Ji. 2024 · 2024
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Shijue Huang, Wanjun Zhong, Jianqiao Lu, Qi Zhu, Jiahui Gao, Weiwen Liu, Yutai Hou, Xingshan Zeng, Yasheng Wang, Lifeng Shang, Xin Jiang, Ruifeng Xu, and Qun Liu. 2024 · 2024
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Jiarui Lu, Thomas Holleis, Yizhe Zhang, Bernhard Aumayer, Feng Nan, Felix Bai, Shuang Ma, Shen Ma, Mengyu Li, Guoli Yin, Zirui Wang, and Ruoming Pang. 2024 · 2024
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Zhuocheng Shen. 2024 · 2024
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Chain of Tools: Large Language Model is an Automatic Multi-tool Learner
Zhengliang Shi, Shen Gao, Xiuyi Chen, Yue Feng, Lingyong Yan, Haibo Shi, Dawei Yin, Zhumin Chen, Suzan Verberne, and Zhaochun Ren. 2024 · 2024
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Tencent plugin shop
Tencent. 2024 · 2024
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AvaTaR: Optimizing LLM Agents for Tool Usage via Contrastive Reasoning. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 38: Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems 2024, NeurIPS 2024, Vancouver, BC, Canada, December 10 - 15, 2024 , Amir Globersons, Lester Mackey, Danielle Belgrave, Angela Fan, Ulrich Paquet, Jakub M. Tomczak, and Cheng Zhang (Eds.)
Shirley Wu, Shiyu Zhao, Qian Huang, Kexin Huang, Michihiro Yasunaga, Kaidi Cao, Vassilis N. Ioannidis, Karthik Subbian, Jure Leskovec, and James Y. Zou. 2024 · 2024
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Toolken+: Improving LLM Tool Usage with Reranking and a Reject Option
Konstantin Yakovlev, Sergey I. Nikolenko, and Andrey Bout. 2024 · 2024
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ToolSword: Unveiling Safety Issues of Large Language Models in Tool Learning Across Three Stages
Junjie Ye, Sixian Li, Guanyu Li, Caishuang Huang, Songyang Gao, Yilong Wu, Qi Zhang, Tao Gui, and Xuanjing Huang. 2024 · 2024
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EASYTOOL: Enhancing LLM-based Agents with Concise Tool Instruction
Siyu Yuan, Kaitao Song, Jiangjie Chen, Xu Tan, Yongliang Shen, Kan Ren, Dongsheng Li, and Deqing Yang. 2024 · 2024
Earlier work this paper cites.
LLM App Store Analysis: A Vision and Roadmap
Yanjie Zhao, Xinyi Hou, Shenao Wang, and Haoyu Wang. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
BlenderMCP - Blender Model Context Protocol Integration
ahujasid. 2025 · 2025
Cited alongside, same era.
Alipay Launches “MCP Server” for Integrated Payment Automation
Alipay. 2025 · 2025
Cited alongside, same era.
Baidu Create 2025 Developer Conference Establishes MCP Ecosystem Forum
Baidu. 2025 · 2025
Cited alongside, same era.
Manish Bhatt, Vineeth Sai Narajala, and Idan Habler. 2025 · 2025
Cited alongside, same era.
A Review of Prominent Paradigms for LLM-Based Agents: Tool Use, Planning (Including RAG), and Feedback Learning. In Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Computational Linguistics, COLING 2025, Abu Dhabi, UAE, January 19-24, 2025 , Owen Rambow, Leo Wanner, Marianna Apidianaki, Hend Al-Khalifa, Barbara Di Eugenio, and Steven Schockaert (Eds.). Association for Computational Linguistics, 9760–9779
Xinzhe Li. 2025 · 2025
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LibreChat
LibreChat. 2025 · 2025
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Baidu Maps MCP Servers
Baidu Maps. 2025 · 2025
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Dockmaster
mcp dockmater. 2025 · 2025
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ToolFuzz–Automated Agent Tool Testing
Ivan Milev, Mislav Balunović, Maximilian Baader, and Martin Vechev. 2025 · 2025
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Ivo Brett. 2025 · 2025
Cited alongside, same era.
AgentGuard: Repurposing Agentic Orchestrator for Safety Evaluation of Tool Orchestration
Jizhou Chen and Samuel Lee Cong. 2025 · 2025
Cited alongside, same era.
Cloudflare
Cloudflare. 2025 · 2025
Cited alongside, same era.
Cody supports additional context through Anthropic’s Model Context Protocol
Sourcegraph Cody. 2025 · 2025
Cited alongside, same era.
Learn how to add and use custom MCP tools within Cursor
Cursor. 2025 · 2025
Cited alongside, same era.
Gemini Adds Support for Model Context Protocol (MCP)
Google DeepMind. 2025 · 2025
Cited alongside, same era.
Windsurf Editor
Windsurf Editor. 2025 · 2025
Cited alongside, same era.
OpenSumi
OpenSumi. 2025 · 2025
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MCP Safety Audit: LLMs with the Model Context Protocol Allow Major Security Exploits
Brandon Radosevich and John Halloran. 2025 · 2025
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Tool Learning in the Wild: Empowering Language Models as Automatic Tool Agents. In THE WEB CONFERENCE 2025
Zhengliang Shi, Shen Gao, Lingyong Yan, Yue Feng, Xiuyi Chen, Zhumin Chen, Dawei Yin, Suzan Verberne, and Zhaochun Ren. 2025 · 2025
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Block (Square)
Block (Square). 2025 · 2025
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Introducing Model Context Protocol (MCP) in Copilot Studio: Simplified Integration with AI Apps and Agents
Microsoft Copilot Studio. 2025 · 2025
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Apify MCP Tester
Apify MCP Tester. 2025 · 2025
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TheiaAI/TheiaIDE
TheiaAI/TheiaIDE. 2025 · 2025
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MPMA: Preference Manipulation Attack Against Model Context Protocol
Zihan Wang, Hongwei Li, Rui Zhang, Yu Liu, Wenbo Jiang, Wenshu Fan, Qingchuan Zhao, and Guowen Xu. 2025b · 2025
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Georg Wölflein, Dyke Ferber, Daniel Truhn, Ognjen Arandjelovic, and Jakob Nikolas Kather. 2025 · 2025
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Wenpeng Xing, Zhonghao Qi, Yupeng Qin, Yilin Li, Caini Chang, Jiahui Yu, Changting Lin, Zhenzhen Xie, and Meng Han. 2025 · 2025
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MCPSecBench: A Systematic Security Benchmark and Playground for Testing Model Context Protocols
Yixuan Yang, Daoyuan Wu, and Yufan Chen. 2025 · 2025
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A Survey on Trustworthy LLM Agents: Threats and Countermeasures
Miao Yu, Fanci Meng, Xinyun Zhou, Shilong Wang, Junyuan Mao, Linsey Pang, Tianlong Chen, Kun Wang, Xinfeng Li, Yongfeng Zhang, et al · 2025
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Zed - Model Context Protocol
Zed. 2025 · 2025
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Mind Your Server: A Systematic Study of Parasitic Toolchain Attacks on the MCP Ecosystem
Shuli Zhao, Qingsheng Hou, Zihan Zhan, Yanhao Wang, Yuchong Xie, Yu Guo, Libo Chen, Shenghong Li, and Zhi Xue. 2025a · 2025
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When MCP Servers Attack: Taxonomy, Feasibility, and Mitigation
Weibo Zhao, Jiahao Liu, Bonan Ruan, Shaofei Li, and Zhenkai Liang. 2025b · 2025
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