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As large-scale models such as Large Language Models (LLMs) and Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) see increasing deployment, their privacy risks remain underexplored.
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Not All Tokens Are Equal: Membership Inference Attacks Against Fine-tuned Language Models. In 2024 Annual Computer Security Applications Conference (ACSAC) . 31–45
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Santosh Kumar, Mithilesh Kumar Chaube, Srinivas Naik Nenavath, Sachin Kumar Gupta, and Sumit Kumar Tetarave. 2022 · 2022
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Quantifying Privacy Risks of Masked Language Models Using Membership Inference Attacks. In Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing , Yoav Goldberg, Zornitsa Kozareva, and Yue Zhang (Eds.). Association for Computational Linguistics, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, 8332–8347
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An Empirical Analysis of Memorization in Fine-tuned Autoregressive Language Models. In Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing , Yoav Goldberg, Zornitsa Kozareva, and Yue Zhang (Eds.). Association for Computational Linguistics, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, 1816–1826
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Pre-Trained Language Models and Their Applications
Haifeng Wang, Jiwei Li, Hua Wu, Eduard Hovy, and Yu Sun. 2023 · 2022
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Practical Membership Inference Attacks Against Large-Scale Multi-Modal Models: A Pilot Study
Myeongseob Ko, Ming Jin, Chenguang Wang, and Ruoxi Jia. 2023 · 2023
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Membership Inference Attacks against Language Models via Neighbourhood Comparison. In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2023 , Anna Rogers, Jordan Boyd-Graber, and Naoaki Okazaki (Eds.). Association for Computational Linguistics, Toronto, Canada, 11330–11343
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Privacy in Fine-tuning Large Language Models: Attacks, Defenses, and Future Directions
Hao Du, Shang Liu, Lele Zheng, Yang Cao, Atsuyoshi Nakamura, and Lei Chen. 2024 · 2024
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Do Membership Inference Attacks Work on Large Language Models?. In First Conference on Language Modeling
Michael Duan, Anshuman Suri, Niloofar Mireshghallah, Sewon Min, Weijia Shi, Luke Zettlemoyer, Yulia Tsvetkov, Yejin Choi, David Evans, and Hannaneh Hajishirzi. 2024 · 2024
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Gemini Team and Google. 2024 · 2024
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Impact of Dataset Properties on Membership Inference Vulnerability of Deep Transfer Learning
Marlon Tobaben, Hibiki Ito, Joonas Jälkö, Gauri Pradhan, Yuan He, and Antti Honkela. 2024 · 2024
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Low-cost high-power membership inference attacks. In Proceedings of the 41st International Conference on Machine Learning (Vienna, Austria) (ICML’24) . JMLR.org, Article 2403, 39 pages
Sajjad Zarifzadeh, Philippe Liu, and Reza Shokri. 2024 · 2024
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Is My Data in Your Retrieval Database? Membership Inference Attacks Against Retrieval Augmented Generation. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Information Systems Security and Privacy . SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 474–485
Maya Anderson, Guy Amit, and Abigail Goldsteen. 2025 · 2025
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Mask-based Membership Inference Attacks for Retrieval-Augmented Generation. In Proceedings of the ACM on Web Conference 2025 (Sydney NSW, Australia) (WWW ’25) . Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2894–2907
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Scaling Up Membership Inference: When and How Attacks Succeed on Large Language Models
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