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We introduce Phi-4-Mini and Phi-4-Multimodal, compact yet highly capable language and multimodal models.
The ami meeting corpus: A pre-announcement
Jean Carletta, Simone Ashby, Sebastien Bourban, Matthew Flynn, Mael Guillemot, Thomas Hain, Jaroslav Kadlec, Vasilis Karaiskos, Wessel Kraaij, Melissa Kronenthal, et al · 2005
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A diagram is worth a dozen images, 2016
Aniruddha Kembhavi, Mike Salvato, Eric Kolve, Minjoon Seo, Hannaneh Hajishirzi, and Ali Farhadi · 2016
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Attention is all you need
Ashish Vaswani, Noam Shazeer, Niki Parmar, Jakob Uszkoreit, Llion Jones, Aidan N Gomez, Ł ukasz Kaiser, and Illia Polosukhin · 2017
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Think you have solved question answering? try arc, the ai2 reasoning challenge, 2018
Peter Clark, Isaac Cowhey, Oren Etzioni, Tushar Khot, Ashish Sabharwal, Carissa Schoenick, and Oyvind Tafjord · 2018
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Can a suit of armor conduct electricity? a new dataset for open book question answering, 2018
Todor Mihaylov, Peter Clark, Tushar Khot, and Ashish Sabharwal · 2018
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A call for clarity in reporting BLEU scores
Matt Post · 2018
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Tao Yu, Rui Zhang, Kai Yang, Michihiro Yasunaga, Dongxu Wang, Zifan Li, James Ma, Irene Li, Qingning Yao, Shanelle Roman, et al · 2018
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Piqa: Reasoning about physical commonsense in natural language
Yonatan Bisk, Rowan Zellers, Jianfeng Gao, and Yejin Choi · 2019
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Boolq: Exploring the surprising difficulty of natural yes/no questions
Christopher Clark, Kenton Lee, Ming-Wei Chang, Tom Kwiatkowski, Michael Collins, and Kristina Toutanova · 2019
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Winogrande: An adversarial winograd schema challenge at scale
Keisuke Sakaguchi, Ronan Le Bras, Chandra Bhagavatula, and Yejin Choi · 2019
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Towards vqa models that can read, 2019
Amanpreet Singh, Vivek Natarajan, Meet Shah, Yu Jiang, Xinlei Chen, Dhruv Batra, Devi Parikh, and Marcus Rohrbach · 2019
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Socialiqa: Commonsense reasoning about social interactions
Maarten Sap, Hannah Rashkin, Derek Chen, Ronan LeBras, and Yejin Choi · 2019
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Hellaswag: Can a machine really finish your sentence?
Rowan Zellers, Ari Holtzman, Yonatan Bisk, Ali Farhadi, and Yejin Choi · 2019
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Common voice: A massively-multilingual speech corpus
Rosana Ardila, Megan Branson, Kelly Davis, Michael Kohler, Josh Meyer, Michael Henretty, Reuben Morais, Lindsay Saunders, Francis Tyers, and Gregor Weber · 2020
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Conformer: Convolution-augmented transformer for speech recognition
Anmol Gulati, James Qin, Chung-Cheng Chiu, Niki Parmar, Yu Zhang, Jiahui Yu, Wei Han, Shibo Wang, Zhengdong Zhang, Yonghui Wu, and Ruoming Pang · 2020
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Measuring massive multitask language understanding
Dan Hendrycks, Collin Burns, Steven Basart, Andy Zou, Mantas Mazeika, Dawn Song, and Jacob Steinhardt · 2020
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Program synthesis with large language models
Jacob Austin, Augustus Odena, Maxwell Nye, Maarten Bosma, Henryk Michalewski, David Dohan, Ellen Jiang, Carrie Cai, Michael Terry, Quoc Le, and Charles Sutton · 2021
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Training verifiers to solve math word problems
Karl Cobbe, Vineet Kosaraju, Mohammad Bavarian, Mark Chen, Heewoo Jun, Lukasz Kaiser, Matthias Plappert, Jerry Tworek, Jacob Hilton, Reiichiro Nakano, Christopher Hesse, and John Schulman · 2021
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Evaluating large language models trained on code, 2021
Mark Chen, Jerry Tworek, Heewoo Jun, Qiming Yuan, Henrique Ponde de Oliveira Pinto, Jared Kaplan, Harri Edwards, Yuri Burda, Nicholas Joseph, Greg Brockman, Alex Ray, Raul Puri, Gretchen Krueger, Michael Petrov, Heidy Khlaaf, Girish Sastry, Pamela Mishkin, Brooke Chan, Scott Gray, Nick Ryder, Mikhail Pavlov, Alethea Power, Lukasz Kaiser, Mohammad Bavarian, Clemens Winter, Philippe Tillet, Felipe Petroski Such, Dave Cummings, Matthias Plappert, Fotios Chantzis, Elizabeth Barnes, Ariel Herbert-Voss, William Hebgen Guss, Alex Nichol, Alex Paino, Nikolas Tezak, Jie Tang, Igor Babuschkin, Suchir Balaji, Shantanu Jain, William Saunders, Christopher Hesse, Andrew N. Carr, Jan Leike, Josh Achiam, Vedant Misra, Evan Morikawa, Alec Radford, Matthew Knight, Miles Brundage, Mira Murati, Katie Mayer, Peter Welinder, Bob McGrew, Dario Amodei, Sam McCandlish, Ilya Sutskever, and Wojciech Zaremba · 2021
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A dataset of information-seeking questions and answers anchored in research papers
Pradeep Dasigi, Kyle Lo, Iz Beltagy, Arman Cohan, Noah A. Smith, and Matt Gardner · 2021
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Measuring mathematical problem solving with the MATH dataset, 2021
Dan Hendrycks, Collin Burns, Saurav Kadavath, Akul Arora, Steven Basart, Eric Tang, Dawn Song, and Jacob Steinhardt · 2021
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Measuring mathematical problem solving with the math dataset
Dan Hendrycks, Collin Burns, Saurav Kadavath, Akul Arora, Steven Basart, Eric Tang, Dawn Song, and Jacob Steinhardt · 2021
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Inter-gps: Interpretable geometry problem solving with formal language and symbolic reasoning, 2021
Pan Lu, Ran Gong, Shibiao Jiang, Liang Qiu, Siyuan Huang, Xiaodan Liang, and Song-Chun Zhu · 2021
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Docvqa: A dataset for vqa on document images
Minesh Mathew, Dimosthenis Karatzas, and CV Jawahar · 2021
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Covost 2 and massively multilingual speech translation
Changhan Wang, Anne Wu, Jiatao Gu, and Juan Pino · 2021
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Flamingo: a visual language model for few-shot learning
Jean-Baptiste Alayrac, Jeff Donahue, Pauline Luc, Antoine Miech, Iain Barr, Yana Hasson, Karel Lenc, Arthur Mensch, Katherine Millican, Malcolm Reynolds, et al · 2022
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Training a helpful and harmless assistant with reinforcement learning from human feedback, 2022
Yuntao Bai, Andy Jones, Kamal Ndousse, Amanda Askell, Anna Chen, Nova DasSarma, Dawn Drain, Stanislav Fort, Deep Ganguli, Tom Henighan, Nicholas Joseph, Saurav Kadavath, Jackson Kernion, Tom Conerly, Sheer El-Showk, Nelson Elhage, Zac Hatfield-Dodds, Danny Hernandez, Tristan Hume, Scott Johnston, Shauna Kravec, Liane Lovitt, Neel Nanda, Catherine Olsson, Dario Amodei, Tom Brown, Jack Clark, Sam McCandlish, Chris Olah, Ben Mann, and Jared Kaplan · 2022
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LoRA: Low-rank adaptation of large language models
Edward J Hu, Yelong Shen, Phillip Wallis, Zeyuan Allen-Zhu, Yuanzhi Li, Shean Wang, Lu Wang, and Weizhu Chen · 2022
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Truthfulqa: Measuring how models mimic human falsehoods, 2022
Stephanie Lin, Jacob Hilton, and Owain Evans · 2022
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Learn to explain: Multimodal reasoning via thought chains for science question answering
Pan Lu, Swaroop Mishra, Tony Xia, Liang Qiu, Kai-Wei Chang, Song-Chun Zhu, Oyvind Tafjord, Peter Clark, and Ashwin Kalyan · 2022
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Infographicvqa
Minesh Mathew, Viraj Bagal, Rubèn Tito, Dimosthenis Karatzas, Ernest Valveny, and CV Jawahar · 2022
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ChartQA: A benchmark for question answering about charts with visual and logical reasoning
Ahmed Masry, Do Long, Jia Qing Tan, Shafiq Joty, and Enamul Hoque · 2022
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Beyond the imitation game: Quantifying and extrapolating the capabilities of language models
Aarohi Srivastava, Abhinav Rastogi, Abhishek Rao, Abu Awal Md Shoeb, Abubakar Abid, Adam Fisch, Adam R Brown, Adam Santoro, Aditya Gupta, Adrià Garriga-Alonso, et al · 2022
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Language models are multilingual chain-of-thought reasoners, 2022
Freda Shi, Mirac Suzgun, Markus Freitag, Xuezhi Wang, Suraj Srivats, Soroush Vosoughi, Hyung Won Chung, Yi Tay, Sebastian Ruder, Denny Zhou, Dipanjan Das, and Jason Wei · 2022
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Challenging big-bench tasks and whether chain-of-thought can solve them, 2022
Mirac Suzgun, Nathan Scales, Nathanael Schärli, Sebastian Gehrmann, Yi Tay, Hyung Won Chung, Aakanksha Chowdhery, Quoc V. Le, Ed H. Chi, Denny Zhou, and Jason Wei · 2022
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SQuALITY: Building a long-document summarization dataset the hard way
Alex Wang, Richard Yuanzhe Pang, Angelica Chen, Jason Phang, and Samuel R. Bowman · 2022
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Introducing meta llama 3: The most capable openly available llm to date, 2023
Meta AI · 2023
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Gqa: Training generalized multi-query transformer models from multi-head checkpoints
Joshua Ainslie, James Lee-Thorp, Michiel de Jong, Yury Zemlyanskiy, Federico Lebrón, and Sumit Sanghai · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Qwen-vl: A frontier large vision-language model with versatile abilities
Jinze Bai, Shuai Bai, Shusheng Yang, Shijie Wang, Sinan Tan, Peng Wang, Junyang Lin, Chang Zhou, and Jingren Zhou · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Seamlessm4t-massively multilingual & multimodal machine translation
Loïc Barrault, Yu-An Chung, Mariano Cora Meglioli, David Dale, Ning Dong, Paul-Ambroise Duquenne, Hady Elsahar, Hongyu Gong, Kevin Heffernan, John Hoffman, et al · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Fleurs: Few-shot learning evaluation of universal representations of speech
Alexis Conneau, Min Ma, Simran Khanuja, Yu Zhang, Vera Axelrod, Siddharth Dalmia, Jason Riesa, Clara Rivera, and Ankur Bapna · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Aaron Hurst, Adam Lerer, Adam P Goucher, Adam Perelman, Aditya Ramesh, Aidan Clark, AJ Ostrow, Akila Welihinda, Alan Hayes, Alec Radford, et al · 2024
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Llm2clip: Powerful language model unlock richer visual representation
Weiquan Huang, Aoqi Wu, Yifan Yang, Xufang Luo, Yuqing Yang, Liang Hu, Qi Dai, Xiyang Dai, Dongdong Chen, Chong Luo, et al · 2024
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Livecodebench: Holistic and contamination free evaluation of large language models for code
Naman Jain, King Han, Alex Gu, Wen-Ding Li, Fanjia Yan, Tianjun Zhang, Sida Wang, Armando Solar-Lezama, Koushik Sen, and Ion Stoica · 2024
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Mathvista: Evaluating mathematical reasoning of foundation models in visual contexts, 2024
Pan Lu, Hritik Bansal, Tony Xia, Jiacheng Liu, Chunyuan Li, Hannaneh Hajishirzi, Hao Cheng, Kai-Wei Chang, Michel Galley, and Jianfeng Gao · 2024
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Okapi: Instruction-tuned large language models in multiple languages with reinforcement learning from human feedback
Viet Dac Lai, Chien Van Nguyen, Nghia Trung Ngo, Thuat Nguyen, Franck Dernoncourt, Ryan A Rossi, and Thien Huu Nguyen · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Joint audio and speech understanding
Yuan Gong, Alexander H Liu, Hongyin Luo, Leonid Karlinsky, and James Glass · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Beavertails: Towards improved safety alignment of llm via a human-preference dataset, 2023
Jiaming Ji, Mickel Liu, Juntao Dai, Xuehai Pan, Chi Zhang, Ce Bian, Chi Zhang, Ruiyang Sun, Yizhou Wang, and Yaodong Yang · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Evaluating object hallucination in large vision-language models, 2023
Yifan Li, Yifan Du, Kun Zhou, Jinpeng Wang, Wayne Xin Zhao, and Ji-Rong Wen · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Hunter Lightman, Vineet Kosaraju, Yura Burda, Harri Edwards, Bowen Baker, Teddy Lee, Jan Leike, John Schulman, Ilya Sutskever, and Karl Cobbe · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Jiawei Liu, Chunqiu Steven Xia, Yuyao Wang, and Lingming Zhang · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Gpt-4v(ision) system card, 2023
OpenAI · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Gpqa: A graduate-level google-proof q&a benchmark, 2023
David Rein, Betty Li Hou, Asa Cooper Stickland, Jackson Petty, Richard Yuanzhe Pang, Julien Dirani, Julian Michael, and Samuel R. Bowman · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Mmbench: Is your multi-modal model an all-around player?, 2024
Yuan Liu, Haodong Duan, Yuanhan Zhang, Bo Li, Songyang Zhang, Wangbo Zhao, Yike Yuan, Jiaqi Wang, Conghui He, Ziwei Liu, Kai Chen, and Dahua Lin · 2024
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Ocrbench: on the hidden mystery of ocr in large multimodal models
Yuliang Liu, Zhang Li, Mingxin Huang, Biao Yang, Wenwen Yu, Chunyuan Li, Xu-Cheng Yin, Cheng-Lin Liu, Lianwen Jin, and Xiang Bai · 2024
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Llava-next: Improved reasoning, ocr, and world knowledge, January 2024
Haotian Liu, Chunyuan Li, Yuheng Li, Bo Li, Yuanhan Zhang, Sheng Shen, and Yong Jae Lee · 2024
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Visual instruction tuning
Haotian Liu, Chunyuan Li, Qingyang Wu, and Yong Jae Lee · 2024
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Red teaming visual language models
Mukai Li, Lei Li, Yuwei Yin, Masood Ahmed, Zhenguang Liu, and Qi Liu · 2024
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Llava-onevision: Easy visual task transfer
Bo Li, Yuanhan Zhang, Dong Guo, Renrui Zhang, Feng Li, Hao Zhang, Kaichen Zhang, Peiyuan Zhang, Yanwei Li, Ziwei Liu, et al · 2024
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American invitational mathematics examination–aime
MAA · 2024
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Phi-3 safety post-training: Aligning language models with a “break-fix” cycle
Microsoft · 2024
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Un ministral, des ministraux
AI Mistral · 2024
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Roformer: Enhanced transformer with rotary position embedding
Jianlin Su, Murtadha Ahmed, Yu Lu, Shengfeng Pan, Wen Bo, and Yunfeng Liu · 2024
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Mmau: A massive multi-task audio understanding and reasoning benchmark
S Sakshi, Utkarsh Tyagi, Sonal Kumar, Ashish Seth, Ramaneswaran Selvakumar, Oriol Nieto, Ramani Duraiswami, Sreyan Ghosh, and Dinesh Manocha · 2024
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Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of context
Gemini Team, Petko Georgiev, Ving Ian Lei, Ryan Burnell, Libin Bai, Anmol Gulati, Garrett Tanzer, Damien Vincent, Zhufeng Pan, Shibo Wang, et al · 2024
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Gemma 2: Improving open language models at a practical size
Gemma Team, Morgane Riviere, Shreya Pathak, Pier Giuseppe Sessa, Cassidy Hardin, Surya Bhupatiraju, Léonard Hussenot, Thomas Mesnard, Bobak Shahriari, Alexandre Ramé, et al · 2024
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Qwen2-vl: Enhancing vision-language model’s perception of the world at any resolution
Peng Wang, Shuai Bai, Sinan Tan, Shijie Wang, Zhihao Fan, Jinze Bai, Keqin Chen, Xuejing Liu, Jialin Wang, Wenbin Ge, et al · 2024
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Livebench: A challenging, contamination-free llm benchmark
Colin White, Samuel Dooley, Manley Roberts, Arka Pal, Ben Feuer, Siddhartha Jain, Ravid Shwartz-Ziv, Neel Jain, Khalid Saifullah, Siddartha Naidu, Chinmay Hegde, Yann LeCun, Tom Goldstein, Willie Neiswanger, and Micah Goldblum · 2024
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Mmlu-pro: A more robust and challenging multi-task language understanding benchmark
Yubo Wang, Xueguang Ma, Ge Zhang, Yuansheng Ni, Abhranil Chandra, Shiguang Guo, Weiming Ren, Aaran Arulraj, Xuan He, Ziyan Jiang, et al · 2024
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Mini-omni2: Towards open-source gpt-4o with vision, speech and duplex capabilities
Zhifei Xie and Changqiao Wu · 2024
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Berkeley function calling leaderboard
Fanjia Yan, Huanzhi Mao, Charlie Cheng-Jie Ji, Tianjun Zhang, Shishir G. Patil, Ion Stoica, and Joseph E. Gonzalez · 2024
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AIR-bench: Benchmarking large audio-language models via generative comprehension
Qian Yang, Jin Xu, Wenrui Liu, Yunfei Chu, Ziyue Jiang, Xiaohuan Zhou, Yichong Leng, Yuanjun Lv, Zhou Zhao, Chang Zhou, and Jingren Zhou · 2024
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An Yang, Baosong Yang, Beichen Zhang, Binyuan Hui, Bo Zheng, Bowen Yu, Chengyuan Li, Dayiheng Liu, Fei Huang, Haoran Wei, et al · 2024
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Mmmu-pro: A more robust multi-discipline multimodal understanding benchmark
Xiang Yue, Tianyu Zheng, Yuansheng Ni, Yubo Wang, Kai Zhang, Shengbang Tong, Yuxuan Sun, Botao Yu, Ge Zhang, Huan Sun, et al · 2024
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Safety fine-tuning at (almost) no cost: A baseline for vision large language models
Yongshuo Zong, Ondrej Bohdal, Tingyang Yu, Yongxin Yang, and Timothy Hospedales · 2024
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Pan Zhang, Xiaoyi Dong, Yuhang Cao, Yuhang Zang, Rui Qian, Xilin Wei, Lin Chen, Yifei Li, Junbo Niu, Shuangrui Ding, et al · 2024
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Glm-4-voice: Towards intelligent and human-like end-to-end spoken chatbot
Aohan Zeng, Zhengxiao Du, Mingdao Liu, Kedong Wang, Shengmin Jiang, Lei Zhao, Yuxiao Dong, and Jie Tang · 2024
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Bigcodebench: Benchmarking code generation with diverse function calls and complex instructions
Terry Yue Zhuo, Minh Chien Vu, Jenny Chim, Han Hu, Wenhao Yu, Ratnadira Widyasari, Imam Nur Bani Yusuf, Haolan Zhan, Junda He, Indraneil Paul, et al · 2024
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Blink: Multimodal large language models can see but not perceive
Xingyu Fu, Yushi Hu, Bangzheng Li, Yu Feng, Haoyu Wang, Xudong Lin, Dan Roth, Noah A Smith, Wei-Chiu Ma, and Ranjay Krishna · 2025
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Deepseek-r1: Incentivizing reasoning capability in llms via reinforcement learning
Daya Guo, Dejian Yang, Haowei Zhang, Junxiao Song, Ruoyu Zhang, Runxin Xu, Qihao Zhu, Shirong Ma, Peiyi Wang, Xiao Bi, et al · 2025
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Bespoke-stratos: The unreasonable effectiveness of reasoning distillation
Bespoke Labs · 2025
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Niklas Muennighoff, Zitong Yang, Weijia Shi, Xiang Lisa Li, Li Fei-Fei, Hannaneh Hajishirzi, Luke Zettlemoyer, Percy Liang, Emmanuel Candès, and Tatsunori Hashimoto · 2025
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Open Thoughts
OpenThoughts Team · 2025
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Qwen2.5-vl, January 2025
Qwen Team · 2025
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Limo: Less is more for reasoning
Yixin Ye, Zhen Huang, Yang Xiao, Ethan Chern, Shijie Xia, and Pengfei Liu · 2025
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