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Language models (LMs) are increasingly used to build agents that can act autonomously to achieve goals.
On calibration of modern neural networks
Chuan Guo, Geoff Pleiss, Yu Sun, and Kilian Q Weinberger · 2017
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Language models are few-shot learners
Tom Brown, Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, Melanie Subbiah, Jared D Kaplan, Prafulla Dhariwal, Arvind Neelakantan, Pranav Shyam, Girish Sastry, Amanda Askell, et al · 2020
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Measuring massive multitask language understanding
Dan Hendrycks, Collin Burns, Steven Basart, Andy Zou, Mantas Mazeika, Dawn Song, and Jacob Steinhardt · 2020
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Di Jin, Eileen Pan, Nassim Oufattole, Wei-Hung Weng, Hanyi Fang, and Peter Szolovits · 2020
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Training verifiers to solve math word problems
Karl Cobbe, Vineet Kosaraju, Mohammad Bavarian, Mark Chen, Heewoo Jun, Lukasz Kaiser, Matthias Plappert, Jerry Tworek, Jacob Hilton, Reiichiro Nakano, et al · 2021
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Measuring mathematical problem solving with the math dataset
Dan Hendrycks, Collin Burns, Saurav Kadavath, Akul Arora, Steven Basart, Eric Tang, Dawn Song, and Jacob Steinhardt · 2021
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Language models (mostly) know what they know
Saurav Kadavath, Tom Conerly, Amanda Askell, Tom Henighan, Dawn Drain, Ethan Perez, Nicholas Schiefer, Zac Hatfield-Dodds, Nova DasSarma, Eli Tran-Johnson, et al · 2022
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Teaching models to express their uncertainty in words
Stephanie Lin, Jacob Hilton, and Owain Evans · 2022
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Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback
Long Ouyang, Jeffrey Wu, Xu Jiang, Diogo Almeida, Carroll Wainwright, Pamela Mishkin, Chong Zhang, Sandhini Agarwal, Katarina Slama, Alex Ray, et al · 2022
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Self-consistency improves chain of thought reasoning in language models
Xuezhi Wang, Jason Wei, Dale Schuurmans, Quoc Le, Ed Chi, Sharan Narang, Aakanksha Chowdhery, and Denny Zhou · 2022
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Gpqa: A graduate-level google-proof q&a benchmark
David Rein, Betty Li Hou, Asa Cooper Stickland, Jackson Petty, Richard Yuanzhe Pang, Julien Dirani, Julian Michael, and Samuel R Bowman · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Toolformer: Language models can teach themselves to use tools
Timo Schick, Jane Dwivedi-Yu, Roberto Dessì, Roberta Raileanu, Maria Lomeli, Eric Hambro, Luke Zettlemoyer, Nicola Cancedda, and Thomas Scialom · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Just ask for calibration: Strategies for eliciting calibrated confidence scores from language models fine-tuned with human feedback
Katherine Tian, Eric Mitchell, Allan Zhou, Archit Sharma, Rafael Rafailov, Huaxiu Yao, Chelsea Finn, and Christopher D Manning · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
A survey on large language model based autonomous agents
Lei Wang, Chen Ma, Xueyang Feng, Zeyu Zhang, Hao Yang, Jingsen Zhang, Zhiyuan Chen, Jiakai Tang, Xu Chen, Yankai Lin, et al · 2023
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Language agents: Foundations, prospects, and risks
Yu Su, Diyi Yang, Shunyu Yao, and Tao Yu · 2024
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Measuring short-form factuality in large language models
Jason Wei, Nguyen Karina, Hyung Won Chung, Yunxin Joy Jiao, Spencer Papay, Amelia Glaese, John Schulman, and William Fedus · 2024
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Can llms express their uncertainty? an empirical evaluation of confidence elicitation in llms
Miao Xiong, Zhiyuan Hu, Xinyang Lu, Yifei Li, Jie Fu, Junxian He, and Bryan Hooi · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
Hongshen Xu, Zichen Zhu, Situo Zhang, Da Ma, Shuai Fan, Lu Chen, and Kai Yu · 2024
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R-tuning: Instructing large language models to say ‘i don’t know’
Hanning Zhang, Shizhe Diao, Yong Lin, Yi Fung, Qing Lian, Xingyao Wang, Yangyi Chen, Heng Ji, and Tong Zhang · 2024
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Shangbin Feng, Weijia Shi, Yike Wang, Wenxuan Ding, Vidhisha Balachandran, and Yulia Tsvetkov · 2024
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Curse of instructions: Large language models cannot follow multiple instructions at once
Keno Harada, Yudai Yamazaki, Masachika Taniguchi, Takeshi Kojima, Yusuke Iwasawa, and Yutaka Matsuo · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Aaron Jaech, Adam Kalai, Adam Lerer, Adam Richardson, Ahmed El-Kishky, Aiden Low, Alec Helyar, Aleksander Madry, Alex Beutel, Alex Carney, et al · 2024
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State of what art? a call for multi-prompt llm evaluation
Moran Mizrahi, Guy Kaplan, Dan Malkin, Rotem Dror, Dafna Shahaf, and Gabriel Stanovsky · 2024
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Capabilities of gemini models in medicine
Khaled Saab, Tao Tu, Wei-Hung Weng, Ryutaro Tanno, David Stutz, Ellery Wulczyn, Fan Zhang, Tim Strother, Chunjong Park, Elahe Vedadi, et al · 2024
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Scaling llm test-time compute optimally can be more effective than scaling model parameters
Charlie Snell, Jaehoon Lee, Kelvin Xu, and Aviral Kumar · 2024
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Deepseek-r1: Incentivizing reasoning capability in llms via reinforcement learning
Daya Guo, Dejian Yang, Haowei Zhang, Junxiao Song, Ruoyu Zhang, Runxin Xu, Qihao Zhu, Shirong Ma, Peiyi Wang, Xiao Bi, et al · 2025
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How many instructions can llms follow at once?
Daniel Jaroslawicz, Brendan Whiting, Parth Shah, and Karime Maamari · 2025
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Conftuner: Training large language models to express their confidence verbally
Yibo Li, Miao Xiong, Jiaying Wu, and Bryan Hooi · 2025
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Niklas Muennighoff, Zitong Yang, Weijia Shi, Xiang Lisa Li, Li Fei-Fei, Hannaneh Hajishirzi, Luke Zettlemoyer, Percy Liang, Emmanuel Candès, and Tatsunori Hashimoto · 2025
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Reasoning models know when they’re right: Probing hidden states for self-verification
Anqi Zhang, Yulin Chen, Jane Pan, Chen Zhao, Aurojit Panda, Jinyang Li, and He He · 2025
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