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Large language models (LLMs) present novel opportunities in public opinion research by predicting survey responses in advance during the early stages of survey design.
A catalog of biases in questionnaires
Bernard CK Choi and Anita WP Pak. 2004 · 2004
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Selection bias in web surveys
Jelke Bethlehem. 2010 · 2010
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A statistical convergence perspective of algorithms for rank aggregation from pairwise data
Arun Rajkumar and Shivani Agarwal. 2014 · 2014
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Decoupled weight decay regularization
I Loshchilov. 2017 · 2017
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For weighting online opt-in samples, what matters most?
Andrew Mercer, Arnold Lau, and Courtney Kennedy. 2018 · 2018
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Group preference optimization: Few-shot alignment of large language models
Siyan Zhao, John Dang, and Aditya Grover. 2023 · 2018
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Lora: Low-rank adaptation of large language models
Edward J Hu, Yelong Shen, Phillip Wallis, Zeyuan Allen-Zhu, Yuanzhi Li, Shean Wang, Lu Wang, and Weizhu Chen. 2021 · 2021
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Language models (mostly) know what they know
Saurav Kadavath, Tom Conerly, Amanda Askell, Tom Henighan, Dawn Drain, Ethan Perez, Nicholas Schiefer, Zac Hatfield-Dodds, Nova DasSarma, Eli Tran-Johnson, et al. 2022 · 2022
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Teaching models to express their uncertainty in words
Stephanie Lin, Jacob Hilton, and Owain Evans. 2022 · 2022
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Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback
Long Ouyang, Jeffrey Wu, Xu Jiang, Diogo Almeida, Carroll Wainwright, Pamela Mishkin, Chong Zhang, Sandhini Agarwal, Katarina Slama, Alex Ray, et al. 2022 · 2022
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Moral mimicry: Large language models produce moral rationalizations tailored to political identity
Gabriel Simmons. 2022 · 2022
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Josh Achiam, Steven Adler, Sandhini Agarwal, Lama Ahmad, Ilge Akkaya, Florencia Leoni Aleman, Diogo Almeida, Janko Altenschmidt, Sam Altman, Shyamal Anadkat, et al. 2023 · 2023
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Out of one, many: Using language models to simulate human samples
Lisa P Argyle, Ethan C Busby, Nancy Fulda, Joshua R Gubler, Christopher Rytting, and David Wingate. 2023 · 2023
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Can large language models be an alternative to human evaluations?
Cheng-Han Chiang and Hung-yi Lee. 2023 · 2023
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Language models trained on media diets can predict public opinion
Eric Chu, Jacob Andreas, Stephen Ansolabehere, and Deb Roy. 2023 · 2023
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Toxicity in chatgpt: Analyzing persona-assigned language models
Ameet Deshpande, Vishvak Murahari, Tanmay Rajpurohit, Ashwin Kalyan, and Karthik Narasimhan. 2023 · 2023
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Questioning the survey responses of large language models
Ricardo Dominguez-Olmedo, Moritz Hardt, and Celestine Mendler-Dünner. 2023 · 2023
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Towards measuring the representation of subjective global opinions in language models
Esin Durmus, Karina Nyugen, Thomas I Liao, Nicholas Schiefer, Amanda Askell, Anton Bakhtin, Carol Chen, Zac Hatfield-Dodds, Danny Hernandez, Nicholas Joseph, et al. 2023 · 2023
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Shangbin Feng, Chan Young Park, Yuhan Liu, and Yulia Tsvetkov. 2023 · 2023
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Evaluating large language models in generating synthetic hci research data: a case study
Perttu Hämäläinen, Mikke Tavast, and Anton Kunnari. 2023 · 2023
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Aligning language models to user opinions
EunJeong Hwang, Bodhisattwa Prasad Majumder, and Niket Tandon. 2023 · 2023
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Albert Q Jiang, Alexandre Sablayrolles, Arthur Mensch, Chris Bamford, Devendra Singh Chaplot, Diego de las Casas, Florian Bressand, Gianna Lengyel, Guillaume Lample, Lucile Saulnier, et al. 2023 · 2023
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Ai-augmented surveys: Leveraging large language models and surveys for opinion prediction
Junsol Kim and Byungkyu Lee. 2023 · 2023
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Efficient memory management for large language model serving with pagedattention
Woosuk Kwon, Zhuohan Li, Siyuan Zhuang, Ying Sheng, Lianmin Zheng, Cody Hao Yu, Joseph E. Gonzalez, Hao Zhang, and Ion Stoica. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
On the steerability of large language models toward data-driven personas
Few-shot personalization of llms with mis-aligned responses
Jaehyung Kim and Yiming Yang. 2024 · 2024
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Hannah Rose Kirk, Alexander Whitefield, Paul Röttger, Andrew Bean, Katerina Margatina, Juan Ciro, Rafael Mosquera, Max Bartolo, Adina Williams, He He, et al. 2024 · 2024
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From distributional to overton pluralism: Investigating large language model alignment
Thom Lake, Eunsol Choi, and Greg Durrett. 2024 · 2024
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Culturellm: Incorporating cultural differences into large language models
Cheng Li, Mengzhou Chen, Jindong Wang, Sunayana Sitaram, and Xing Xie. 2024 · 2024
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Junyi Li, Ninareh Mehrabi, Charith Peris, Palash Goyal, Kai-Wei Chang, Aram Galstyan, Richard Zemel, and Rahul Gupta. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Whose opinions do language models reflect?
Shibani Santurkar, Esin Durmus, Faisal Ladhak, Cinoo Lee, Percy Liang, and Tatsunori Hashimoto. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Melanie Sclar, Yejin Choi, Yulia Tsvetkov, and Alane Suhr. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Distributional preference learning: Understanding and accounting for hidden context in rlhf
Anand Siththaranjan, Cassidy Laidlaw, and Dylan Hadfield-Menell. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
How susceptible are llms to influence in prompts?
Sotiris Anagnostidis and Jannis Bulian. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Predicting results of social science experiments using large language models
Ashwini Ashokkumar, Luke Hewitt, Isaias Ghezae, and Robb Willer. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Can generative ai improve social science?
Christopher A Bail. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Maxmin-rlhf: Alignment with diverse human preferences
Souradip Chakraborty, Jiahao Qiu, Hui Yuan, Alec Koppel, Dinesh Manocha, Furong Huang, Amrit Bedi, and Mengdi Wang. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Automated social science: Language models as scientist and subjects
Benjamin S Manning, Kehang Zhu, and John J Horton. 2024 · 2024
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Benchmarking distributional alignment of large language models
Nicole Meister, Carlos Guestrin, and Tatsunori Hashimoto. 2024 · 2024
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Distributional preference alignment of llms via optimal transport
Igor Melnyk, Youssef Mroueh, Brian Belgodere, Mattia Rigotti, Apoorva Nitsure, Mikhail Yurochkin, Kristjan Greenewald, Jiri Navratil, and Jerret Ross. 2024 · 2024
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Virtual personas for language models via an anthology of backstories
Suhong Moon, Marwa Abdulhai, Minwoo Kang, Joseph Suh, Widyadewi Soedarmadji, Eran Kohen Behar, and David Chan. 2024 · 2024
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Personalizing reinforcement learning from human feedback with variational preference learning
Sriyash Poddar, Yanming Wan, Hamish Ivison, Abhishek Gupta, and Natasha Jaques. 2024 · 2024
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Direct preference optimization: Your language model is secretly a reward model
Rafael Rafailov, Archit Sharma, Eric Mitchell, Christopher D Manning, Stefano Ermon, and Chelsea Finn. 2024 · 2024
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Opportunities and risks of llms in survey research
David M. Rothschild, James Brand, Hope Schroeder, and Jenny Wang. 2024 · 2024
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A roadmap to pluralistic alignment
Taylor Sorensen, Jared Moore, Jillian Fisher, Mitchell Gordon, Niloofar Mireshghallah, Christopher Michael Rytting, Andre Ye, Liwei Jiang, Ximing Lu, Nouha Dziri, et al. 2024 · 2024
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Chenkai Sun, Ke Yang, Revanth Gangi Reddy, Yi R Fung, Hou Pong Chan, Kevin Small, ChengXiang Zhai, and Heng Ji. 2024 · 2024
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Large language models cannot replace human participants because they cannot portray identity groups
Angelina Wang, Jamie Morgenstern, and John P Dickerson. 2024 · 2024
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No preference left behind: Group distributional preference optimization
Binwei Yao, Zefan Cai, Yun-Shiuan Chuang, Shanglin Yang, Ming Jiang, Diyi Yang, and Junjie Hu. 2024 · 2024
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Specializing large language models to simulate survey response distributions for global populations
Yong Cao, Haijiang Liu, Arnav Arora, Isabelle Augenstein, Paul Röttger, and Daniel Hershcovich. 2025 · 2025
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America trends panel waves
Pew Research Center. 2018 · 2025
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Pew research center
Pew Research Center. 2024 · 2025
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World Values Survey
World Values Survey. 2022 · 2025
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