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In the pursuit of superior video-processing MLLMs, we have encountered a perplexing paradox: the "anti-scaling law", where more data and larger models lead to worse performance.
The persistences of vision
Max Coltheart · 1980
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Monetary theory and practice: The uk experience
Charles Albert Eric Goodhart · 1984
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Microsoft coco: Common objects in context
Tsung-Yi Lin, Michael Maire, Serge Belongie, James Hays, Pietro Perona, Deva Ramanan, Piotr Dollár, and C Lawrence Zitnick · 2014
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Activitynet: A large-scale video benchmark for human activity understanding
Fabian Caba Heilbron, Victor Escorcia, Bernard Ghanem, and Juan Carlos Niebles · 2015
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Faulty reward functions in the wild, 2016
Clark Jack and Amodei Dario · 2016
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A diagram is worth a dozen images
Aniruddha Kembhavi, Mike Salvato, Eric Kolve, Minjoon Seo, Hannaneh Hajishirzi, and Ali Farhadi · 2016
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Msr-vtt: A large video description dataset for bridging video and language
Jun Xu, Tao Mei, Ting Yao, and Yong Rui · 2016
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Tgif-qa: Toward spatio-temporal reasoning in visual question answering
Yunseok Jang, Yale Song, Youngjae Yu, Youngjin Kim, and Gunhee Kim · 2017
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Visual genome: Connecting language and vision using crowdsourced dense image annotations
Ranjay Krishna, Yuke Zhu, Oliver Groth, Justin Johnson, Kenji Hata, Joshua Kravitz, Stephanie Chen, Yannis Kalantidis, Li-Jia Li, David A Shamma, et al · 2017
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Jan Leike, Miljan Martic, Victoria Krakovna, Pedro A Ortega, Tom Everitt, Andrew Lefrancq, Laurent Orseau, and Shane Legg · 2017
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Proximal policy optimization algorithms
John Schulman, Filip Wolski, Prafulla Dhariwal, Alec Radford, and Oleg Klimov · 2017
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Video question answering via gradually refined attention over appearance and motion
Dejing Xu, Zhou Zhao, Jun Xiao, Fei Wu, Hanwang Zhang, Xiangnan He, and Yueting Zhuang · 2017
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Specification gaming: The flaw in the reward, 2018
DeepMind · 2018
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Scalable agent alignment via reward modeling: a research direction
Jan Leike, David Krueger, Tom Everitt, Miljan Martic, Vishal Maini, and Shane Legg · 2018
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Improving language understanding by generative pre-training
Alec Radford, Karthik Narasimhan, Tim Salimans, Ilya Sutskever, et al · 2018
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Reinforcement learning: An introduction
Richard S. Sutton and Andrew G. Barto · 2018
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Towards automatic learning of procedures from web instructional videos
Luowei Zhou, Chenliang Xu, and Jason Corso · 2018
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Lvis: A dataset for large vocabulary instance segmentation
Agrim Gupta, Piotr Dollar, and Ross Girshick · 2019
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Howto100m: Learning a text-video embedding by watching hundred million narrated video clips
Antoine Miech, Dimitri Zhukov, Jean-Baptiste Alayrac, Makarand Tapaswi, Ivan Laptev, and Josef Sivic · 2019
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Language models are unsupervised multitask learners
Alec Radford, Jeffrey Wu, Rewon Child, David Luan, Dario Amodei, Ilya Sutskever, et al · 2019
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A novel multi-step reinforcement learning method for solving reward hacking
Yinlong Yuan, Zhu Liang Yu, Zhenghui Gu, Xiaoyan Deng, and Yuanqing Li · 2019
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Frozen in time: A joint video and image encoder for end-to-end retrieval
Max Bain, Arsha Nagrani, Gül Varol, and Andrew Zisserman · 2021
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Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervision
Alec Radford, Jong Wook Kim, Chris Hallacy, Aditya Ramesh, Gabriel Goh, Sandhini Agarwal, Girish Sastry, Amanda Askell, Pamela Mishkin, Jack Clark, et al · 2021
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Masked autoencoders as spatiotemporal learners
Christoph Feichtenhofer, Yanghao Li, Kaiming He, et al · 2022
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The effects of reward misspecification: Mapping and mitigating misaligned models
Alexander Pan, Kush Bhatia, and Jacob Steinhardt · 2022
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Defining and characterizing reward gaming
Joar Skalse, Nikolaus Howe, Dmitrii Krasheninnikov, and David Krueger · 2022
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Videollama 2: Advancing spatial-temporal modeling and audio understanding in video-llms
Zesen Cheng, Sicong Leng, Hang Zhang, Yifei Xin, Xin Li, Guanzheng Chen, Yongxin Zhu, Wenqi Zhang, Ziyang Luo, Deli Zhao, et al · 2024
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Instructblip: Towards general-purpose vision-language models with instruction tuning
Wenliang Dai, Junnan Li, Dongxu Li, Anthony Meng Huat Tiong, Junqi Zhao, Weisheng Wang, Boyang Li, Pascale N Fung, and Steven Hoi · 2024
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Mmbench-video: A long-form multi-shot benchmark for holistic video understanding
Xinyu Fang, Kangrui Mao, Haodong Duan, Xiangyu Zhao, Yining Li, Dahua Lin, and Kai Chen · 2024
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Video-of-thought: Step-by-step video reasoning from perception to cognition
Hao Fei, Shengqiong Wu, Wei Ji, Hanwang Zhang, Meishan Zhang, Mong-Li Lee, and Wynne Hsu · 2024
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Video-mme: The first-ever comprehensive evaluation benchmark of multi-modal llms in video analysis
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Videomae: Masked autoencoders are data-efficient learners for self-supervised video pre-training
Zhan Tong, Yibing Song, Jue Wang, and Limin Wang · 2022
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Grit: A generative region-to-text transformer for object understanding
Jialian Wu, Jianfeng Wang, Zhengyuan Yang, Zhe Gan, Zicheng Liu, Junsong Yuan, and Lijuan Wang · 2022
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Bytetrack: Multi-object tracking by associating every detection box
Yifu Zhang, Peize Sun, Yi Jiang, Dongdong Yu, Fucheng Weng, Zehuan Yuan, Ping Luo, Wenyu Liu, and Xinggang Wang · 2022
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Mevis: A large-scale benchmark for video segmentation with motion expressions
Henghui Ding, Chang Liu, Shuting He, Xudong Jiang, and Chen Change Loy · 2023
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Mme: A comprehensive evaluation benchmark for multimodal large language models
Chaoyou Fu, Peixian Chen, Yunhang Shen, Yulei Qin, Mengdan Zhang, Xu Lin, Zhenyu Qiu, Wei Lin, Jinrui Yang, Xiawu Zheng, Ke Li, Xing Sun, and Rongrong Ji · 2023
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Video-llava: Learning united visual representation by alignment before projection
Bin Lin, Bin Zhu, Yang Ye, Munan Ning, Peng Jin, and Li Yuan · 2023
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Video-chatgpt: Towards detailed video understanding via large vision and language models
Muhammad Maaz, Hanoona Rasheed, Salman Khan, and Fahad Shahbaz Khan · 2023
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Chaoyou Fu, Yuhan Dai, Yondong Luo, Lei Li, Shuhuai Ren, Renrui Zhang, Zihan Wang, Chenyu Zhou, Yunhang Shen, Mengdan Zhang, et al · 2024
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Hello gpt-4o, 2024
GPT-4o · 2024
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Ida-vlm: Towards movie understanding via id-aware large vision-language model
Yatai Ji, Shilong Zhang, Jie Wu, Peize Sun, Weifeng Chen, Xuefeng Xiao, Sidi Yang, Yujiu Yang, and Ping Luo · 2024
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Preventing reward hacking with occupancy measure regularization
Cassidy Laidlaw, Shivam Singhal, and Anca Dragan · 2024
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Llama3.2-vision, 2024
Meta · 2024
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Learning to reason with llms, September 2024
OpenAI · 2024
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Dreambench++: A human-aligned benchmark for personalized image generation
Yuang Peng, Yuxin Cui, Haomiao Tang, Zekun Qi, Runpei Dong, Jing Bai, Chunrui Han, Zheng Ge, Xiangyu Zhang, and Shu-Tao Xia · 2024
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Direct preference optimization: Your language model is secretly a reward model
Rafael Rafailov, Archit Sharma, Eric Mitchell, Christopher D Manning, Stefano Ermon, and Chelsea Finn · 2024
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Grok, 2024
xAI · 2024
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Pllava: Parameter-free llava extension from images to videos for video dense captioning
Lin Xu, Yilin Zhao, Daquan Zhou, Zhijie Lin, See Kiong Ng, and Jiashi Feng · 2024
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An Yang, Baosong Yang, Binyuan Hui, Bo Zheng, Bowen Yu, Chang Zhou, Chengpeng Li, Chengyuan Li, Dayiheng Liu, Fei Huang, et al · 2024
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Merlin: Empowering multimodal llms with foresight minds
En Yu, Liang Zhao, Yana Wei, Jinrong Yang, Dongming Wu, Lingyu Kong, Haoran Wei, Tiancai Wang, Zheng Ge, Xiangyu Zhang, et al · 2024
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Mmmu: A massive multi-discipline multimodal understanding and reasoning benchmark for expert agi
Xiang Yue, Yuansheng Ni, Kai Zhang, Tianyu Zheng, Ruoqi Liu, Ge Zhang, Samuel Stevens, Dongfu Jiang, Weiming Ren, Yuxuan Sun, et al · 2024
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Llava-next: A strong zero-shot video understanding model, April 2024c
Yuanhan Zhang, Bo Li, haotian Liu, Yong jae Lee, Liangke Gui, Di Fu, Jiashi Feng, Ziwei Liu, and Chunyuan Li · 2024
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Deepseek-r1: Incentivizing reasoning capability in llms via reinforcement learning, 2025
DeepSeek-AI, Daya Guo, Dejian Yang, Haowei Zhang, Junxiao Song, Ruoyu Zhang, Runxin Xu, Qihao Zhu, Shirong Ma, Peiyi Wang, Xiao Bi, Xiaokang Zhang, Xingkai Yu, Yu Wu, Z. F. Wu, Zhibin Gou, Zhihong Shao, Zhuoshu Li, Ziyi Gao, Aixin Liu, Bing Xue, Bingxuan Wang, Bochao Wu, Bei Feng, Chengda Lu, Chenggang Zhao, Chengqi Deng, Chenyu Zhang, Chong Ruan, Damai Dai, Deli Chen, Dongjie Ji, Erhang Li, Fangyun Lin, Fucong Dai, Fuli Luo, Guangbo Hao, Guanting Chen, Guowei Li, H. Zhang, Han Bao, Hanwei Xu, Haocheng Wang, Honghui Ding, Huajian Xin, Huazuo Gao, Hui Qu, Hui Li, Jianzhong Guo, Jiashi Li, Jiawei Wang, Jingchang Chen, Jingyang Yuan, Junjie Qiu, Junlong Li, J. L. Cai, Jiaqi Ni, Jian Liang, Jin Chen, Kai Dong, Kai Hu, Kaige Gao, Kang Guan, Kexin Huang, Kuai Yu, Lean Wang, Lecong Zhang, Liang Zhao, Litong Wang, Liyue Zhang, Lei Xu, Leyi Xia, Mingchuan Zhang, Minghua Zhang, Minghui Tang, Meng Li, Miaojun Wang, Mingming Li, Ning Tian, Panpan Huang, Peng Zhang, Qiancheng Wang, Qinyu Chen, Qiushi Du, Ruiqi Ge, Ruisong Zhang, Ruizhe Pan, Runji Wang, R. J. Chen, R. L. Jin, Ruyi Chen, Shanghao Lu, Shangyan Zhou, Shanhuang Chen, Shengfeng Ye, Shiyu Wang, Shuiping Yu, Shunfeng Zhou, Shuting Pan, S. S. Li, Shuang Zhou, Shaoqing Wu, Shengfeng Ye, Tao Yun, Tian Pei, Tianyu Sun, T. Wang, Wangding Zeng, Wanjia Zhao, Wen Liu, Wenfeng Liang, Wenjun Gao, Wenqin Yu, Wentao Zhang, W. L. Xiao, Wei An, Xiaodong Liu, Xiaohan Wang, Xiaokang Chen, Xiaotao Nie, Xin Cheng, Xin Liu, Xin Xie, Xingchao Liu, Xinyu Yang, Xinyuan Li, Xuecheng Su, Xuheng Lin, X. Q. Li, Xiangyue Jin, Xiaojin Shen, Xiaosha Chen, Xiaowen Sun, Xiaoxiang Wang, Xinnan Song, Xinyi Zhou, Xianzu Wang, Xinxia Shan, Y. K. Li, Y. Q. Wang, Y. X. Wei, Yang Zhang, Yanhong Xu, Yao Li, Yao Zhao, Yaofeng Sun, Yaohui Wang, Yi Yu, Yichao Zhang, Yifan Shi, Yiliang Xiong, Ying He, Yishi Piao, Yisong Wang, Yixuan Tan, Yiyang Ma, Yiyuan Liu, Yongqiang Guo, Yuan Ou, Yuduan Wang, Yue Gong, Yuheng Zou, Yujia He, Yunfan Xiong, Yuxiang Luo, Yuxiang You, Yuxuan Liu, Yuyang Zhou, Y. X. Zhu, Yanhong Xu, Yanping Huang, Yaohui Li, Yi Zheng, Yuchen Zhu, Yunxian Ma, Ying Tang, Yukun Zha, Yuting Yan, Z. Z. Ren, Zehui Ren, Zhangli Sha, Zhe Fu, Zhean Xu, Zhenda Xie, Zhengyan Zhang, Zhewen Hao, Zhicheng Ma, Zhigang Yan, Zhiyu Wu, Zihui Gu, Zijia Zhu, Zijun Liu, Zilin Li, Ziwei Xie, Ziyang Song, Zizheng Pan, Zhen Huang, Zhipeng Xu, Zhongyu Zhang, and Zhen Zhang · 2025
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A large cross-modal video retrieval dataset with reading comprehension
Weijia Wu, Yuzhong Zhao, Zhuang Li, Jiahong Li, Hong Zhou, Mike Zheng Shou, and Xiang Bai · 2025
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Perpo: Perceptual preference optimization via discriminative rewarding
Zining Zhu, Liang Zhao, Kangheng Lin, Jinze Yang, En Yu, Chenglong Liu, Haoran Wei, Jianjian Sun, Zheng Ge, and Xiangyu Zhang · 2025
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