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Web browsing agents powered by large language models (LLMs) have shown tremendous potential in automating complex web-based tasks.
Improved knowledge distillation via teacher assistant
Seyed-Iman Mirzadeh, Mehrdad Farajtabar, Ang Li, Nir Levine, Akihiro Matsukawa, and Hassan Ghasemzadeh. 2019 · 1902
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Distilbert, a distilled version of bert: smaller, faster, cheaper and lighter
V Sanh. 2019 · 1910
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Mapping natural language instructions to mobile ui action sequences
Yang Li, Jiacong He, Xin Zhou, Yuan Zhang, and Jason Baldridge. 2020 · 2005
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Distilling the knowledge in a neural network
Geoffrey Hinton, Oriol Vinyals, and Jeff Dean. 2015 · 2015
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Learning efficient object detection models with knowledge distillation
Guobin Chen, Wongun Choi, Xiang Yu, Tony Han, and Manmohan Chandraker. 2017 · 2017
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Paraphrasing complex network: Network compression via factor transfer
Jangho Kim, SeongUk Park, and Nojun Kwak. 2020 · 2020
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Knowledge distillation: A survey
Jianping Gou, Baosheng Yu, Stephen J. Maybank, and Dacheng Tao. 2021 · 2021
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Yukun Huang, Yanda Chen, Zhou Yu, and Kathleen McKeown. 2022 · 2022
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Self-instruct: Aligning language models with self-generated instructions
Yizhong Wang, Yeganeh Kordi, Swaroop Mishra, Alisa Liu, Noah A Smith, Daniel Khashabi, and Hannaneh Hajishirzi. 2022 · 2022
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React: synergizing reasoning and acting in language models (2022)
Shunyu Yao, Jeffrey Zhao, Dian Yu, Nan Du, Izhak Shafran, Karthik Narasimhan, and Yuan Cao. 2023b · 2022
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Gpt4all: Training an assistant-style chatbot with large scale data distillation from gpt-3.5-turbo
Yuvanesh Anand, Zach Nussbaum, Brandon Duderstadt, Benjamin Schmidt, and Andriy Mulyar. 2023 · 2023
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Fireact: Toward language agent fine-tuning
Baian Chen, Chang Shu, Ehsan Shareghi, Nigel Collier, Karthik Narasimhan, and Shunyu Yao. 2023 · 2023
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Mind2web: Towards a generalist agent for the web
Xiang Deng, Yu Gu, Boyuan Zheng, Shijie Chen, Samuel Stevens, Boshi Wang, Huan Sun, and Yu Su. 2023 · 2023
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Improving factuality and reasoning in language models through multiagent debate
Yilun Du, Shuang Li, Antonio Torralba, Joshua B Tenenbaum, and Igor Mordatch. 2023 · 2023
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Specializing smaller language models towards multi-step reasoning
Yao Fu, Hao Peng, Litu Ou, Ashish Sabharwal, and Tushar Khot. 2023 · 2023
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A real-world webagent with planning, long context understanding, and program synthesis
Izzeddin Gur, Hiroki Furuta, Austin Huang, Mustafa Safdari, Yutaka Matsuo, Douglas Eck, and Aleksandra Faust. 2023 · 2023
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Cheng-Yu Hsieh, Chun-Liang Li, Chih-Kuan Yeh, Hootan Nakhost, Yasuhisa Fujii, Alexander Ratner, Ranjay Krishna, Chen-Yu Lee, and Tomas Pfister. 2023 · 2023
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Swe-bench: Can language models resolve real-world github issues?
Carlos E Jimenez, John Yang, Alexander Wettig, Shunyu Yao, Kexin Pei, Ofir Press, and Karthik Narasimhan. 2023 · 2023
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Teaching small language models to reason
Lucie Charlotte Magister, Jonathan Mallinson, Jakub Adamek, Eric Malmi, and Aliaksei Severyn. 2023 · 2023
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Orca: Progressive learning from complex explanation traces of gpt-4
Subhabrata Mukherjee, Arindam Mitra, Ganesh Jawahar, Sahaj Agarwal, Hamid Palangi, and Ahmed Awadallah. 2023 · 2023
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Reflexion: Language agents with verbal reinforcement learning.(2023)
Noah Shinn, Federico Cassano, Beck Labash, Ashwin Gopinath, Karthik Narasimhan, and Shunyu Yao. 2023 · 2023
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Openagents: An open platform for language agents in the wild
Tianbao Xie, Fan Zhou, Zhoujun Cheng, Peng Shi, Luoxuan Weng, Yitao Liu, Toh Jing Hua, Junning Zhao, Qian Liu, Che Liu, et al. 2023 · 2023
Earlier work this paper cites.
Agenttuning: Enabling generalized agent abilities for llms
Aohan Zeng, Mingdao Liu, Rui Lu, Bowen Wang, Xiao Liu, Yuxiao Dong, and Jie Tang. 2023 · 2023
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You only look at screens: Multimodal chain-of-action agents
Zhuosheng Zhang and Aston Zhang. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Swe-search: Enhancing software agents with monte carlo tree search and iterative refinement
Antonis Antoniades, Albert Örwall, Kexun Zhang, Yuxi Xie, Anirudh Goyal, and William Wang. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Fine-tuning web agents: It works, but it’s trickier than you think
Massimo Caccia, Megh Thakkar, Léo Boisvert, Thibault Le Sellier De Chezelles, Alexandre Piché, Nicolas Chapados, Alexandre Drouin, Maxime Gasse, and Alexandre Lacoste · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Spider2-v: How far are multimodal agents from automating data science and engineering workflows?
Ruisheng Cao, Fangyu Lei, Haoyuan Wu, Jixuan Chen, Yeqiao Fu, Hongcheng Gao, Xinzhuang Xiong, Hanchong Zhang, Yuchen Mao, Wenjing Hu, et al. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Agent lumos: Unified and modular training for open-source language agents
Da Yin, Faeze Brahman, Abhilasha Ravichander, Khyathi Chandu, Kai-Wei Chang, Yejin Choi, and Bill Yuchen Lin. 2024 · 2024
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Adam: An embodied causal agent in open-world environments
Shu Yu and Chaochao Lu. 2024 · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
Yao Zhang, Zijian Ma, Yunpu Ma, Zhen Han, Yu Wu, and Volker Tresp. 2024 · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
Web agents with world models: Learning and leveraging environment dynamics in web navigation
Hyungjoo Chae, Namyoung Kim, Kai Tzu iunn Ong, Minju Gwak, Gwanwoo Song, Jihoon Kim, Sunghwan Kim, Dongha Lee, and Jinyoung Yeo. 2025 · 2025
Closest in time.
Internet of agents: Weaving a web of heterogeneous agents for collaborative intelligence
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Thibault Le Sellier De Chezelles, Maxime Gasse, Alexandre Drouin, Massimo Caccia, Léo Boisvert, Megh Thakkar, Tom Marty, Rim Assouel, Sahar Omidi Shayegan, Lawrence Keunho Jang, Xing Han Lù, Ori Yoran, Dehan Kong, Frank F. Xu, Siva Reddy, Quentin Cappart, Graham Neubig, Ruslan Salakhutdinov, Nicolas Chapados, and Alexandre Lacoste. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Magentic-one: A generalist multi-agent system for solving complex tasks
Adam Fourney, Gagan Bansal, Hussein Mozannar, Cheng Tan, Eduardo Salinas, Erkang, Zhu, Friederike Niedtner, Grace Proebsting, Griffin Bassman, Jack Gerrits, Jacob Alber, Peter Chang, Ricky Loynd, Robert West, Victor Dibia, Ahmed Awadallah, Ece Kamar, Rafah Hosn, and Saleema Amershi. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Jiawei Gu, Xuhui Jiang, Zhichao Shi, Hexiang Tan, Xuehao Zhai, Chengjin Xu, Wei Li, Yinghan Shen, Shengjie Ma, Honghao Liu, et al. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Cogagent: A visual language model for gui agents
Wenyi Hong, Weihan Wang, Qingsong Lv, Jiazheng Xu, Wenmeng Yu, Junhui Ji, Yan Wang, Zihan Wang, Yuxiao Dong, Ming Ding, et al. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Coact: A global-local hierarchy for autonomous agent collaboration
Xinming Hou, Mingming Yang, Wenxiang Jiao, Xing Wang, Zhaopeng Tu, and Wayne Xin Zhao. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Mengkang Hu, Pu Zhao, Can Xu, Qingfeng Sun, Jianguang Lou, Qingwei Lin, Ping Luo, and Saravan Rajmohan. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Tree search for language model agents
Jing Yu Koh, Stephen McAleer, Daniel Fried, and Ruslan Salakhutdinov. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Autowebglm: A large language model-based web navigating agent
Hanyu Lai, Xiao Liu, Iat Long Iong, Shuntian Yao, Yuxuan Chen, Pengbo Shen, Hao Yu, Hanchen Zhang, Xiaohan Zhang, Yuxiao Dong, et al. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Weize Chen, Ziming You, Ran Li, yitong guan, Chen Qian, Chenyang Zhao, Cheng Yang, Ruobing Xie, Zhiyuan Liu, and Maosong Sun. 2025 · 2025
Closest in time.
Agentrefine: Enhancing agent generalization through refinement tuning
Dayuan Fu, Keqing He, Yejie Wang, Wentao Hong, Zhuoma Gongque, Weihao Zeng, Wei Wang, Jingang Wang, Xunliang Cai, and Weiran Xu. 2025 · 2025
Closest in time.
Robotouille: An asynchronous planning benchmark for LLM agents
Gonzalo Gonzalez-Pumariega, Leong Su Yean, Neha Sunkara, and Sanjiban Choudhury. 2025 · 2025
Closest in time.
Deepseek-r1: Incentivizing reasoning capability in llms via reinforcement learning
Daya Guo, Dejian Yang, Haowei Zhang, Junxiao Song, Ruoyu Zhang, Runxin Xu, Qihao Zhu, Shirong Ma, Peiyi Wang, Xiao Bi, et al. 2025 · 2025
Closest in time.
Videowebarena: Evaluating long context multimodal agents with video understanding web tasks
Lawrence Keunho Jang, Yinheng Li, Dan Zhao, Charles Ding, Justin Lin, Paul Pu Liang, Rogerio Bonatti, and Kazuhito Koishida. 2025 · 2025
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Aligned LLMs are not aligned browser agents
Priyanshu Kumar, Elaine Lau, Saranya Vijayakumar, Tu Trinh, Elaine T Chang, Vaughn Robinson, Shuyan Zhou, Matt Fredrikson, Sean M. Hendryx, Summer Yue, and Zifan Wang. 2025 · 2025
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Learning to contextualize web pages for enhanced decision making by LLM agents
Dongjun Lee, Juyong Lee, Kyuyoung Kim, Jihoon Tack, Jinwoo Shin, Yee Whye Teh, and Kimin Lee. 2025 · 2025
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Strategist: Self-improvement of LLM decision making via bi-level tree search
Jonathan Light, Min Cai, Weiqin Chen, Guanzhi Wang, Xiusi Chen, Wei Cheng, Yisong Yue, and Ziniu Hu. 2025 · 2025
Closest in time.
Harnessing webpage UIs for text-rich visual understanding
Junpeng Liu, Tianyue Ou, Yifan Song, Yuxiao Qu, Wai Lam, Chenyan Xiong, Wenhu Chen, Graham Neubig, and Xiang Yue. 2025 · 2025
Closest in time.
Large language models can self-improve at web agent tasks
Ajay Patel, Markus Hofmarcher, Claudiu Leoveanu-Condrei, Marius-Constantin Dinu, Chris Callison-Burch, and Sepp Hochreiter. 2025 · 2025
Closest in time.
WebRL: Training LLM web agents via self-evolving online curriculum reinforcement learning
Zehan Qi, Xiao Liu, Iat Long Iong, Hanyu Lai, Xueqiao Sun, Jiadai Sun, Xinyue Yang, Yu Yang, Shuntian Yao, Wei Xu, Jie Tang, and Yuxiao Dong. 2025 · 2025
Closest in time.
Shortcutsbench: A large-scale real-world benchmark for API-based agents
Haiyang SHEN, Yue Li, Desong Meng, Dongqi Cai, Sheng Qi, Li Zhang, Mengwei Xu, and Yun Ma. 2025 · 2025
Closest in time.
REGENT: A retrieval-augmented generalist agent that can act in-context in new environments
Kaustubh Sridhar, Souradeep Dutta, Dinesh Jayaraman, and Insup Lee. 2025 · 2025
Closest in time.
Learn-by-interact: A data-centric framework for self-adaptive agents in realistic environments
Hongjin Su, Ruoxi Sun, Jinsung Yoon, Pengcheng Yin, Tao Yu, and Sercan Ö Arı k. 2025 · 2025
Closest in time.
Moral alignment for LLM agents
Elizaveta Tennant, Stephen Hailes, and Mirco Musolesi. 2025 · 2025
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Direct multi-agent motion generation preference alignment with implicit feedback from demonstrations
Thomas Tian and Kratarth Goel. 2025 · 2025
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Agenttrek: Agent trajectory synthesis via guiding replay with web tutorials
Yiheng Xu, Dunjie Lu, Zhennan Shen, Junli Wang, Zekun Wang, Yuchen Mao, Caiming Xiong, and Tao Yu. 2025 · 2025
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SWE-bench multimodal: Do AI systems generalize to visual software domains?
John Yang, Carlos E Jimenez, Alex L Zhang, Kilian Lieret, Joyce Yang, Xindi Wu, Ori Press, Niklas Muennighoff, Gabriel Synnaeve, Karthik R Narasimhan, Diyi Yang, Sida Wang, and Ofir Press. 2025 · 2025
Closest in time.
Efficient multi-agent offline coordination via diffusion-based trajectory stitching
Lei Yuan, Yuqi Bian, Lihe Li, Ziqian Zhang, Cong Guan, and Yang Yu. 2025 · 2025
Closest in time.