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Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs) are a cryptographic primitive that allows a prover to demonstrate knowledge of a secret value to a verifier without revealing anything about the secret itself.
Zero knowledge and the department of defense
S. Landau · 1988
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A note on efficient zero-knowledge proofs and arguments
J. Kilian · 1992
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Transparent (holographic) proofs
L. Babai · 1993
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Definitions and properties of zero-knowledge proof systems
O. Goldreich and Y. Oren · 1994
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Curve25519: new diffie-hellman speed records
D. J. Bernstein · 2006
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Zero-knowledge from secure multiparty computation
Y. Ishai, E. Kushilevitz, R. Ostrovsky, and A. Sahai · 2007
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Zero-knowledge proofs in large trades, July 9 2009
C. Thorpe and D. C. Parkes · 2009
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Constant-size commitments to polynomials and their applications
A. Kate, G. M. Zaverucha, and I. Goldberg · 2010
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Strictly-black-box zero-knowledge and efficient validation of financial transactions
M. O. Rabin, Y. Mansour, S. Muthukrishnan, and M. Yung · 2012
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Recursive composition and bootstrapping for snarks and proof-carrying data
N. Bitansky, R. Canetti, A. Chiesa, and E. Tromer · 2013
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Quadratic span programs and succinct nizks without pcps
R. Gennaro, C. Gentry, B. Parno, and M. Raykova · 2013
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Square span programs with applications to succinct nizk arguments
G. Danezis, C. Fournet, J. Groth, and M. Kohlweiss · 2014
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A survey of noninteractive zero knowledge proof system and its applications
H. Wu, F. Wang, et al · 2014
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Delegating computation: interactive proofs for muggles
S. Goldwasser, Y. T. Kalai, and G. N. Rothblum · 2015
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Mimc: Efficient encryption and cryptographic hashing with minimal multiplicative complexity
M. Albrecht, L. Grassi, C. Rechberger, A. Roy, and T. Tiessen · 2016
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On the size of pairing-based non-interactive arguments
J. Groth · 2016
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Zcash protocol specification
D. Hopwood, S. Bowe, T. Hornby, N. Wilcox, et al · 2016
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Prover-efficient commit-and-prove zero-knowledge snarks
H. Lipmaa · 2016
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Pinocchio: Nearly practical verifiable computation
B. Parno, J. Howell, C. Gentry, and M. Raykova · 2016
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Ligero: Lightweight sublinear arguments without a trusted setup
S. Ames, C. Hazay, Y. Ishai, and M. Venkitasubramaniam · 2017
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Practical secure aggregation for privacy-preserving machine learning
K. Bonawitz, V. Ivanov, B. Kreuter, A. Marcedone, H. B. McMahan, S. Patel, D. Ramage, A. Segal, and K. Seth · 2017
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Snarky signatures: Minimal signatures of knowledge from simulation-extractable snarks
J. Groth and M. Maller · 2017
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Full accounting for verifiable outsourcing
R. S. Wahby, Y. Ji, A. J. Blumberg, A. Shelat, J. Thaler, M. Walfish, and T. Wies · 2017
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Marvellous: a stark-friendly family of cryptographic primitives
T. Ashur and S. Dhooghe · 2018
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Fast reed-solomon interactive oracle proofs of proximity
E. Ben-Sasson, I. Bentov, Y. Horesh, and M. Riabzev · 2018
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Scalable, transparent, and post-quantum secure computational integrity
E. Ben-Sasson, I. Bentov, Y. Horesh, and M. Riabzev · 2018
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Aurora: Transparent succinct arguments for r1cs
E. Ben-Sasson, A. Chiesa, M. Riabzev, N. Spooner, M. Virza, and N. P. Ward · 2018
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Zokrates-scalable privacy-preserving off-chain computations
J. Eberhardt and S. Tai · 2018
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Subversion-zero-knowledge snarks
G. Fuchsbauer · 2018
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Updatable and universal common reference strings with applications to zk-snarks
J. Groth, M. Kohlweiss, M. Maller, S. Meiklejohn, and I. Miers · 2018
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xjsnark: A framework for efficient verifiable computation
A. Kosba, C. Papamanthou, and E. Shi · 2018
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Doubly-efficient zksnarks without trusted setup
R. S. Wahby, I. Tzialla, A. Shelat, J. Thaler, and M. Walfish · 2018
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zkinterface, a standard tool for zero-knowledge interoperability
D. Benarroch, K. Gurkan, R. Kahat, A. Nicolas, and E. Tromer · 2019
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Recursive proof composition without a trusted setup
S. Bowe, J. Grigg, and D. Hopwood · 2019
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Legosnark: Modular design and composition of succinct zero-knowledge proofs
M. Campanelli, D. Fiore, and A. Querol · 2019
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Fractal: Post-quantum and transparent recursive proofs from holography
A. Chiesa, D. Ojha, and N. Spooner · 2019
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Plonk: Permutations over lagrange-bases for oecumenical noninteractive arguments of knowledge
A. Gabizon, Z. J. Williamson, and O. Ciobotaru · 2019
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swanky: A suite of rust libraries for secure computation
Galois, Inc · 2019
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The knowledge complexity of interactive proof-systems
S. Goldwasser, S. Micali, and C. Rackoff · 2019
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Sok: General purpose compilers for secure multi-party computation
M. Hastings, B. Hemenway, D. Noble, and S. Zdancewic · 2019
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Sonic: Zero-knowledge snarks from linear-size universal and updateable structured reference strings
M. Maller, S. Bowe, M. Kohlweiss, and S. Meiklejohn · 2019
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iden3/snarkjs, 2020
J. Baylina · 2020
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Marlin: Preprocessing zksnarks with universal and updatable srs
A. Chiesa, Y. Hu, M. Maller, P. Mishra, N. Vesely, and N. Ward · 2020
Cited alongside, same era.
vcnn: Verifiable convolutional neural network based on zk-snarks
S. Lee, H. Ko, J. Kim, and H. Oh · 2020
Cited alongside, same era.
Round 2 additional signatures
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) · 2020
Cited alongside, same era.
Non-interactive zero-knowledge for blockchain: A survey
J. Partala, T. H. Nguyen, and S. Pirttikangas · 2020
Cited alongside, same era.
Spartan: Efficient and general-purpose zksnarks without trusted setup
S. Setty · 2020
Cited alongside, same era.
Blockchain-based interoperable healthcare using zero-knowledge proofs and proxy re-encryption
B. Sharma, R. Halder, and J. Singh · 2020
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halo2.club, 2023
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https://noir-lang.org
Introducing noir · 2023
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Polygon miden vm overview, 2023
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https://chain.link/education-hub/zero-knowledge-proof-use-cases
Zero-knowledge proof: Applications and use cases · 2023
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Byzantine-resilient secure federated learning
J. So, B. Güler, and A. S. Avestimehr · 2020
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Preserving privacy in mobile health systems using non-interactive zero-knowledge proof and blockchain
A. E. B. Tomaz, J. C. Do Nascimento, A. S. Hafid, and J. N. De Souza · 2020
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Deco: Liberating web data using decentralized oracles for tls
F. Zhang, D. Maram, H. Malvai, S. Goldfeder, and A. Juels · 2020
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Zero knowledge proofs for decision tree predictions and accuracy
J. Zhang, Z. Fang, Y. Zhang, and D. Song · 2020
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Doubly efficient interactive proofs for general arithmetic circuits with linear prover time
J. Zhang, T. Liu, W. Wang, Y. Zhang, D. Song, X. Xie, and Y. Zhang · 2020
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Transparent polynomial delegation and its applications to zero knowledge proof
J. Zhang, T. Xie, Y. Zhang, and D. Song · 2020
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0xPolygonMiden · 2023
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plonky2, 2023
0xPolygonZero · 2023
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Ryde specifications
N. Aragon, M. Bardet, L. Bidoux, J.-J. Chi-Domínguez, V. Dyseryn, T. Feneuil, P. Gaborit, A. Joux, M. Rivain, J.-P. Tillich, et al · 2023
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barretenberg, 2023
AztecProtocol · 2023
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Publicly verifiable zero-knowledge and post-quantum signatures from vole-in-the-head
C. Baum, L. Braun, C. D. de Saint Guilhem, M. Klooß, E. Orsini, L. Roy, and P. Scholl · 2023
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Consensys/gnark: v0.9.0, Feb. 2023
G. Botrel, T. Piellard, Y. E. Housni, I. Kubjas, and A. Tabaie · 2023
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Quadratic arithmetic programs: From zero to hero, 2023
V. Buterin · 2023
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The pantheon of zero knowledge proof development frameworks (updated!), 2023
Celer Network · 2023
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Rinocchio: Snarks for ring arithmetic
C. Ganesh, A. Nitulescu, and E. Soria-Vazquez · 2023
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zprobe: Zero peek robustness checks for federated learning
Z. Ghodsi, M. Javaheripi, N. Sheybani, X. Zhang, K. Huang, and F. Koushanfar · 2023
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Brakedown: Linear-time and field-agnostic snarks for r1cs
A. Golovnev, J. Lee, S. Setty, J. Thaler, and R. S. Wahby · 2023
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Limbo, 2023
KULeuven-COSIC · 2023
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Rofl: Robustness of secure federated learning
H. Lycklama, L. Burkhalter, A. Viand, N. Küchler, and A. Hithnawi · 2023
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Gzkp: A gpu accelerated zero-knowledge proof system
W. Ma, Q. Xiong, X. Shi, X. Ma, H. Jin, H. Kuang, M. Gao, Y. Zhang, H. Shen, and W. Hu · 2023
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Home — monero - secure, private, untraceable
Monero · 2023
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Benchmarks in awesome-noir, 2023
Noir-Lang · 2023
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Polygon zkevm — scaling for the ethereum virtual machine
Polygon Labs UI (Cayman) Ltd · 2023
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Pqc-mirath
PQC-MIRATH Consortium · 2023
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Introduction — risc zero developer docs, 2023
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SciprLab · 2023
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Zkrownn: Zero knowledge right of ownership for neural networks
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sunblaze ucb · 2023
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Zk system benchmarking, 2023
B. Threadbare, D. Schmid, T. Carstens, B. Retford, D. Lubarov, A. Nagornyi, and V. Tan · 2023
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(bristol format) circuits of basic functions suitable for mpc and fhe, 2023
S. Tillich and N. Smart · 2023
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Zilch, 2023
TrustworthyComputing · 2023
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Verifiable fully homomorphic encryption
A. Viand, C. Knabenhans, and A. Hithnawi · 2023
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Vole-based interactive commitments, Jan. 2023
C. Weng, A. Coventry, S. Hussain, D. Malkhi, A. Topliceanu, X. Wang, and F. Zhang · 2023
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What is ezkl?, 2023
Zkonduit Inc · 2023
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Amaze: Accelerated mimc hardware architecture for zero-knowledge applications on the edge
A. Ahmed, N. Sheybani, D. Moreno, N. B. Njungle, T. Gong, M. Kinsy, and F. Koushanfar · 2024
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Mq on my mind: Post-quantum signatures from the non-structured multivariate quadratic problem
R. Benadjila, T. Feneuil, and M. Rivain · 2024
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Perk: compact signature scheme based on a new variant of the permuted kernel problem
S. Bettaieb, L. Bidoux, V. Dyseryn, A. Esser, P. Gaborit, M. Kulkarni, and M. Palumbi · 2024
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Szkp: A scalable accelerator architecture for zero-knowledge proofs
A. Daftardar, B. Reagen, and S. Garg · 2024
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Props for machine-learning security
A. Juels and F. Koushanfar · 2024
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Accelerating zero-knowledge proofs through hardware-algorithm co-design
N. Samardzic, S. Langowski, S. Devadas, and D. Sanchez · 2024
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Gotta hash’em all! speeding up hash functions for zero-knowledge proof applications
N. Sheybani, T. Gong, A. Ahmed, N. B. Njungle, M. Kinsy, and F. Koushanfar · 2025
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