Explainability in Practice: A Survey of Explainable NLP Across Various Domains

Understand

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is now embedded in critical sectors including healthcare, finance, and customer relationship management, where models such as GPT-4o, Gemini, and BERT increasingly inform decisions.

• The black-box nature of these models has created an urgent need for transparency.
• This review examines explainable NLP (XNLP) as it is actually deployed, working through seven application domains: medicine, finance, systematic reviews, customer relationship management, chatbots, social and behavioral science, and human resources.
• For each domain, we ask what kind of explanation the setting needs, which methods are used there, and how they are evaluated.