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Recent studies have increasingly demonstrated that large language models (LLMs) possess significant theory of mind (ToM) capabilities, showing the potential for simulating the tracking of mental states in generative agents.
Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind?
David Premack and Guy Woodruff · 1978
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The belief-desire-intention model of agency
Michael Georgeff, Barney Pell, Martha Pollack, Milind Tambe, and Michael Wooldridge · 1999
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Theory of mind and empathy as multidimensional constructs
Jonathan Dvash and Simone Shamay-Tsoory · 2014
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It takes two to tango: Towards theory of ai’s mind, 2017
Arjun Chandrasekaran, Deshraj Yadav, Prithvijit Chattopadhyay, Viraj Prabhu, and Devi Parikh · 2017
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The relation between emotion understanding and theory of mind in children aged 3 to 8: The key role of language
Ilaria Grazzani, Veronica Ornaghi, Elisabetta Conte, Alessandro Pepe, and Claudia Caprin · 2018
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Machine theory of mind
Neil Rabinowitz, Frank Perbet, Francis Song, Chiyuan Zhang, S. M. Ali Eslami, and Matthew Botvinick · 2018
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Language models are unsupervised multitask learners, 2019
Alec Radford, Jeff Wu, Rewon Child, D. Luan, Dario Amodei, and Ilya Sutskever · 2019
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Towards empathetic open-domain conversation models: A new benchmark and dataset
Hannah Rashkin, Eric Michael Smith, Margaret Li, and Y-Lan Boureau · 2019
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Persuasion for good: Towards a personalized persuasive dialogue system for social good
Xuewei Wang, Weiyan Shi, Richard Kim, Yoojung Oh, Sijia Yang, Jingwen Zhang, and Zhou Yu · 2019
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Language models are few-shot learners
Tom Brown, Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, Melanie Subbiah, Jared D Kaplan, Prafulla Dhariwal, Arvind Neelakantan, Pranav Shyam, Girish Sastry, Amanda Askell, Sandhini Agarwal, Ariel Herbert-Voss, Gretchen Krueger, Tom Henighan, Rewon Child, Aditya Ramesh, Daniel Ziegler, Jeffrey Wu, Clemens Winter, Chris Hesse, Mark Chen, Eric Sigler, Mateusz Litwin, Scott Gray, Benjamin Chess, Jack Clark, Christopher Berner, Sam McCandlish, Alec Radford, Ilya Sutskever, and Dario Amodei · 2020
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Knowing me, knowing you: theory of mind in ai
F. Cuzzolin, A. Morelli, B. Cîrstea, and B. J. Sahakian · 2020
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Cognitive machine theory of mind
Thuy Ngoc Nguyen and Cleotilde González · 2020
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Theory of mind and decision science: Towards a typology of tasks and computational models
Tessa Rusch, Saurabh Steixner-Kumar, Prashant Doshi, Michael Spezio, and Jan Gläscher · 2020
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MindCraft: Theory of mind modeling for situated dialogue in collaborative tasks
Cristian-Paul Bara, Sky CH-Wang, and Joyce Chai · 2021
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Neurocomputational mechanisms of confidence in self and others
Dan Bang, Rani Moran, Nathaniel D. Daw, and Stephen M. Fleming · 2022
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I Hear You Feel Confident
Adam Michael Bricker · 2022
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Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback, 2022
Long Ouyang, Jeff Wu, Xu Jiang, Diogo Almeida, Carroll L. Wainwright, Pamela Mishkin, Chong Zhang, Sandhini Agarwal, Katarina Slama, Alex Ray, John Schulman, Jacob Hilton, Fraser Kelton, Luke Miller, Maddie Simens, Amanda Askell, Peter Welinder, Paul Christiano, Jan Leike, and Ryan Lowe · 2022
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Unpacking large language models with conceptual consistency, 2022
Pritish Sahu, Michael Cogswell, Yunye Gong, and Ajay Divakaran · 2022
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Sparks of artificial general intelligence: Early experiments with gpt-4, 2023
Sébastien Bubeck, Varun Chandrasekaran, Ronen Eldan, Johannes Gehrke, Eric Horvitz, Ece Kamar, Peter Lee, Yin Tat Lee, Yuanzhi Li, Scott Lundberg, Harsha Nori, Hamid Palangi, Marco Tulio Ribeiro, and Yi Zhang · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Plug-and-play policy planner for large language model powered dialogue agents, 2023
Yang Deng, Wenxuan Zhang, Wai Lam, See-Kiong Ng, and Tat-Seng Chua · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Understanding social reasoning in language models with language models, 2023
Kanishk Gandhi, Jan-Philipp Fränken, Tobias Gerstenberg, and Noah D. Goodman · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Suspicion-agent: Playing imperfect information games with theory of mind aware gpt4, 2023
Jiaxian Guo, Bo Yang, Paul Yoo, Yuchen Lin, Yusuke Iwasawa, and Yutaka Matsuo · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Unveiling the potential of knowledge-prompted chatgpt for enhancing drug trafficking detection on social media, 2023
Chuanbo Hu, Bin Liu, Xin Li, and Yanfang Ye · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Can language models teach weaker agents? teacher explanations improve students via theory of mind, 2023
Swarnadeep Saha, Peter Hase, and Mohit Bansal · 2023
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Neural theory-of-mind? on the limits of social intelligence in large lms, 2023
Maarten Sap, Ronan LeBras, Daniel Fried, and Yejin Choi · 2023
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Minding language models’ (lack of) theory of mind: A plug-and-play multi-character belief tracker, 2023
Melanie Sclar, Sachin Kumar, Peter West, Alane Suhr, Yejin Choi, and Yulia Tsvetkov · 2023
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Reflexion: Language agents with verbal reinforcement learning, 2023
Noah Shinn, Federico Cassano, Edward Berman, Ashwin Gopinath, Karthik Narasimhan, and Shunyu Yao · 2023
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Speaking the language of your listener: Audience-aware adaptation via plug-and-play theory of mind
Ece Takmaz, Nicolo’ Brandizzi, Mario Giulianelli, Sandro Pezzelle, and Raquel Fernandez · 2023
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Unveiling theory of mind in large language models: A parallel to single neurons in the human brain, 2023
Mohsen Jamali, Ziv M. Williams, and Jing Cai · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
FANToM: A benchmark for stress-testing machine theory of mind in interactions
Hyunwoo Kim, Melanie Sclar, Xuhui Zhou, Ronan Bras, Gunhee Kim, Yejin Choi, and Maarten Sap · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Theory of mind might have spontaneously emerged in large language models, 2023
Michal Kosinski · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Theory of mind for multi-agent collaboration via large language models
Huao Li, Yu Chong, Simon Stepputtis, Joseph Campbell, Dana Hughes, Charles Lewis, and Katia Sycara · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Computational language acquisition with theory of mind, 2023
Andy Liu, Hao Zhu, Emmy Liu, Yonatan Bisk, and Graham Neubig · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
A review on machine theory of mind, 2023
Yuanyuan Mao, Shuang Liu, Pengshuai Zhao, Qin Ni, Xin Lin, and Liang He · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Boosting theory-of-mind performance in large language models via prompting, 2023
Shima Rahimi Moghaddam and Christopher J. Honey · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Llama: Open and efficient foundation language models, 2023
Hugo Touvron, Thibaut Lavril, Gautier Izacard, Xavier Martinet, Marie-Anne Lachaux, Timothée Lacroix, Baptiste Rozière, Naman Goyal, Eric Hambro, Faisal Azhar, Aurelien Rodriguez, Armand Joulin, Edouard Grave, and Guillaume Lample · 2023
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Emotionally numb or empathetic? evaluating how llms feel using emotionbench, 2023
Jen tse Huang, Man Ho Lam, Eric John Li, Shujie Ren, Wenxuan Wang, Wenxiang Jiao, Zhaopeng Tu, and Michael R. Lyu · 2023
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Large language models fail on trivial alterations to theory-of-mind tasks, 2023
Tomer Ullman · 2023
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A survey on large language model-based autonomous agents, 2023
Lei Wang, Chen Ma, Xueyang Feng, Zeyu Zhang, Hao Yang, Jingsen Zhang, Zhiyuan Chen, Jiakai Tang, Xu Chen, Yankai Lin, Wayne Xin Zhao, Zhewei Wei, and Ji-Rong Wen · 2023
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Hi-ToM: A benchmark for evaluating higher-order theory of mind reasoning in large language models
Yufan Wu, Yinghui He, Yilin Jia, Rada Mihalcea, Yulong Chen, and Naihao Deng · 2023
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Evaluating large language models’ ability to understand metaphor and sarcasm using a screening test for asperger syndrome, 2023
Hiromu Yakura · 2023
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Siren’s song in the ai ocean: A survey on hallucination in large language models, 2023
Yue Zhang, Yafu Li, Leyang Cui, Deng Cai, Lemao Liu, Tingchen Fu, Xinting Huang, Enbo Zhao, Yu Zhang, Yulong Chen, Longyue Wang, Anh Tuan Luu, Wei Bi, Freda Shi, and Shuming Shi · 2023
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Building emotional support chatbots in the era of llms, 2023
Zhonghua Zheng, Lizi Liao, Yang Deng, and Liqiang Nie · 2023
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How far are large language models from agents with theory-of-mind?, 2023
Pei Zhou, Aman Madaan, Srividya Pranavi Potharaju, Aditya Gupta, Kevin R. McKee, Ari Holtzman, Jay Pujara, Xiang Ren, Swaroop Mishra, Aida Nematzadeh, Shyam Upadhyay, and Manaal Faruqui · 2023
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Testing theory of mind in large language models and humans
James W. A. Strachan, Dalila Albergo, Giulia Borghini, Oriana Pansardi, Eugenio Scaliti, Saurabh Gupta, Krati Saxena, Alessandro Rufo, Stefano Panzeri, Guido Manzi, Michael S. A. Graziano, and Cristina Becchio · 2024
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Llms achieve adult human performance on higher-order theory of mind tasks, 2024
Winnie Street, John Oliver Siy, Geoff Keeling, Adrien Baranes, Benjamin Barnett, Michael McKibben, Tatenda Kanyere, Alison Lentz, Blaise Aguera y Arcas, and Robin I. M. Dunbar · 2024
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Building cooperative embodied agents modularly with large language models, 2024
Hongxin Zhang, Weihua Du, Jiaming Shan, Qinhong Zhou, Yilun Du, Joshua B. Tenenbaum, Tianmin Shu, and Chuang Gan · 2024
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What can game theory tell us about an ai ‘theory of mind’?
Michael S. Harré · 2073
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