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In recent years, toxic content and hate speech have become widespread phenomena on the internet.
GMHP7k: A Corpus of German Misogynistic Hatespeech Posts
Jonas Glasebach, Max-Emanuel Keller, Alexander Döschl, and Peter Mandl. 2024 · 1957
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Evaluation: from precision, recall and F-measure to ROC, informedness, markedness and correlation
David MW Powers. 2020 · 2010
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Europäische Kommission gegen Rassismus und Intoleranz Allgemeine Politik-Empfehlung Nr. 15 der ECRI über die Bekämpfung von Hassrede
ERIC. 2016 · 2016
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Deceiving Google’s Perspective API Built for Detecting Toxic Comments
Hossein Hosseini, Sreeram Kannan, Baosen Zhang, and Radha Poovendran. 2017 · 2017
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Ashish Vaswani, Noam Shazeer, Niki Parmar, Jakob Uszkoreit, Llion Jones, Aidan N. Gomez, Lukasz Kaiser, and Illia Polosukhin. 2017 · 2017
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BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding
Jacob Devlin, Ming-Wei Chang, Kenton Lee, and Kristina Toutanova. 2019 · 2019
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Survey on deep learning with class imbalance
Justin M. Johnson and Taghi M. Khoshgoftaar. 2019 · 2019
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Combating the challenges of social media hate speech in a polarized society: A Twitter ego lexalytics approach
Collins Udanor and Chinatu C. Anyanwu. 2019 · 2019
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Branden Chan, Stefan Schweter, and Timo Möller. 2020 · 2020
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The advantages of the Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) over F1 score and accuracy in binary classification evaluation
Davide Chicco and Giuseppe Jurman. 2020 · 2020
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Racist and Sexist Hate Speech Detection: Literature Review
Othman Istaiteh, Razan Al-Omoush, and Sara Tedmori. 2020 · 2020
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Detecting Hate Speech with GPT-3
Ke-Li Chiu, Annie Collins, and Rohan Alexander. 2021 · 2021
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Charformer: Fast Character Transformers via Gradient-based Subword Tokenization
Yi Tay, Vinh Q. Tran, Sebastian Ruder, Jai Gupta, Hyung Won Chung, Dara Bahri, Zhen Qin, Simon Baumgartner, Cong Yu, and Donald Metzler. 2021 · 2021
Cited alongside, same era.
A Literature Review of Textual Hate Speech Detection Methods and Datasets
Fatimah Alkomah and Xiaogang Ma. 2022 · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
A New Generation of Perspective API: Efficient Multilingual Character-level Transformers
Alyssa Lees, Vinh Q. Tran, Yi Tay, Jeffrey Sorensen, Jai Gupta, Donald Metzler, and Lucy Vasserman. 2022 · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
A Holistic Approach to Undesired Content Detection in the Real World
Todor Markov, Chong Zhang, Sandhini Agarwal, Tyna Eloundou, Teddy Lee, Steven Adler, Angela Jiang, and Lilian Weng. 2022 · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
A systematic review of hate speech automatic detection using natural language processing
Md Saroar Jahan and Mourad Oussalah. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
An Investigation of Large Language Models for Real-World Hate Speech Detection
Keyan Guo, Alexander Hu, Jaden Mu, Ziheng Shi, Ziming Zhao, Nishant Vishwamitra, and Hongxin Hu. 2024 · 2024
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Md Saroar Jahan, Mourad Oussalah, Djamila Romaissa Beddia, Jhuma kabir Mim, and Nabil Arhab. 2024 · 2024
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HOCON34k: A Corpus of Hate speech in Online Comments from German Newspapers
Max-Emanuel Keller, Maximilian Auch, Alexander Döschl, Fabian Vlk, Julian Quernheim, Mike Hartmann, Peter Mandl, Alexander Kaul, and Markus Franz. 2024 · 2024
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Close to Human-Level Agreement: Tracing Journeys of Violent Speech in Incel Posts with GPT-4-Enhanced Annotations
Daniel Matter, Miriam Schirmer, Nir Grinberg, and Jürgen Pfeffer. 2024 · 2024
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Hassrede | Transparency Center
Meta. 2024 · 2024
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Hate Speech online: Hartknäckiges Phänomen und interdisziplinärer Forschungsgegenstand
Sylvia Jaki and Stefan Steiger. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
"HOT" ChatGPT: The promise of ChatGPT in detecting and discriminating hateful, offensive, and toxic comments on social media
Lingyao Li, Lizhou Fan, Shubham Atreja, and Libby Hemphill. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Detecting offensive speech in conversational code-mixed dialogue on social media: A contextual dataset and benchmark experiments
Hiren Madhu, Shrey Satapara, Sandip Modha, Thomas Mandl, and Prasenjit Majumder. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
KI-Verfahren für die Hate Speech Erkennung: Die Gestaltung von Ressourcen für das maschinelle Lernen und ihre Zuverlässigkeit
Thomas Mandl. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Toxic Bias: Perspective API Misreads German as More Toxic
Gianluca Nogara, Francesco Pierri, Stefano Cresci, Luca Luceri, Petter Törnberg, and Silvia Giordano. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Perspective API
Google Jigsaw. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
GPT-4 Technical Report
OpenAI. 2023 · 2024
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OpenAI Platform
OpenAI. 2024 · 2024
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Comparing Fine-Tuning, Zero and Few-Shot Strategies with Large Language Models in Hate Speech Detection in English
Ronghao Pan, José Antonio García-Díaz, and Rafael Valencia-García. 2024 · 2024
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Perspective | Developers
Perspective. 2024 · 2024
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Hate speech detection in social media: Techniques, recent trends, and future challenges
Anchal Rawat, Santosh Kumar, and Surender Singh Samant. 2024 · 2024
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Verordnung - 2022/2065 - EN - EUR-Lex
European Parliament. 2022 · 2065
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