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Test-time reasoning algorithms such as chain-of-thought, self-consistency, and MCTS enhance LLM problem-solving but can wastefully generate many tokens without improving accuracy.
Sentence-bert: Sentence embeddings using siamese bert-networks
N Reimers · 2019
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Uncertainty estimation in autoregressive structured prediction
Andrey Malinin and Mark Gales · 2020
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Themis: Fair and efficient { \{ GPU } \} cluster scheduling
Kshiteej Mahajan, Arjun Balasubramanian, Arjun Singhvi, Shivaram Venkataraman, Aditya Akella, Amar Phanishayee, and Shuchi Chawla · 2020
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Measuring mathematical problem solving with the math dataset
Dan Hendrycks, Collin Burns, Saurav Kadavath, Akul Arora, Steven Basart, Eric Tang, Dawn Song, and Jacob Steinhardt · 2021
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Training verifiers to solve math word problems
Karl Cobbe, Vineet Kosaraju, Mohammad Bavarian, Mark Chen, Heewoo Jun, Lukasz Kaiser, Matthias Plappert, Jerry Tworek, Jacob Hilton, Reiichiro Nakano, Christopher Hesse, and John Schulman · 2021
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A diverse corpus for evaluating and developing english math word problem solvers
Shen-Yun Miao, Chao-Chun Liang, and Keh-Yih Su · 2021
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Self-consistency improves chain of thought reasoning in language models
Xuezhi Wang, Jason Wei, Dale Schuurmans, Quoc Le, Ed Chi, Sharan Narang, Aakanksha Chowdhery, and Denny Zhou · 2022
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Chain-of-thought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models
Jason Wei, Xuezhi Wang, Dale Schuurmans, Maarten Bosma, Fei Xia, Ed Chi, Quoc V Le, Denny Zhou, et al · 2022
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Language models (mostly) know what they know
Saurav Kadavath, Tom Conerly, Amanda Askell, Tom Henighan, Dawn Drain, Ethan Perez, Nicholas Schiefer, Zac Hatfield-Dodds, Nova DasSarma, Eli Tran-Johnson, et al · 2022
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Orca: A distributed serving system for { \{ Transformer-Based } \} generative models
Gyeong-In Yu, Joo Seong Jeong, Geon-Woo Kim, Soojeong Kim, and Byung-Gon Chun · 2022
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Alphazero-like tree-search can guide large language model decoding and training
Xidong Feng, Ziyu Wan, Muning Wen, Stephen Marcus McAleer, Ying Wen, Weinan Zhang, and Jun Wang · 2023
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Reasoning with language model is planning with world model
Shibo Hao, Yi Gu, Haodi Ma, Joshua Jiahua Hong, Zhen Wang, Daisy Zhe Wang, and Zhiting Hu · 2023
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Deepspeed model implementations for inference (mii), 2023
2023
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Rewarding chatbots for real-world engagement with millions of users
Robert Irvine, Douglas Boubert, Vyas Raina, Adian Liusie, Ziyi Zhu, Vineet Mudupalli, Aliaksei Korshuk, Zongyi Liu, Fritz Cremer, Valentin Assassi, et al · 2023
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Self-evaluation guided beam search for reasoning
Yuxi Xie, Kenji Kawaguchi, Yiran Zhao, James Xu Zhao, Min-Yen Kan, Junxian He, and Michael Xie · 2023
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Lorenz Kuhn, Yarin Gal, and Sebastian Farquhar · 2023
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The curious case of hallucinatory (un) answerability: Finding truths in the hidden states of over-confident large language models
Aviv Slobodkin, Omer Goldman, Avi Caciularu, Ido Dagan, and Shauli Ravfogel · 2023
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Hunter Lightman, Vineet Kosaraju, Yura Burda, Harri Edwards, Bowen Baker, Teddy Lee, Jan Leike, John Schulman, Ilya Sutskever, and Karl Cobbe · 2023
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Sarathi: Efficient llm inference by piggybacking decodes with chunked prefills
Amey Agrawal, Ashish Panwar, Jayashree Mohan, Nipun Kwatra, Bhargav S Gulavani, and Ramachandran Ramjee · 2023
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{ \{ AlpaServe } \} : Statistical multiplexing with model parallelism for deep learning serving
Zhuohan Li, Lianmin Zheng, Yinmin Zhong, Vincent Liu, Ying Sheng, Xin Jin, Yanping Huang, Zhifeng Chen, Hao Zhang, Joseph E Gonzalez, et al · 2023
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Efficient memory management for large language model serving with pagedattention
Woosuk Kwon, Zhuohan Li, Siyuan Zhuang, Ying Sheng, Lianmin Zheng, Cody Hao Yu, Joseph Gonzalez, Hao Zhang, and Ion Stoica · 2023
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Fast distributed inference serving for large language models
Bingyang Wu, Yinmin Zhong, Zili Zhang, Gang Huang, Xuanzhe Liu, and Xin Jin · 2023
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From decoding to meta-generation: Inference-time algorithms for large language models
Sean Welleck, Amanda Bertsch, Matthew Finlayson, Hailey Schoelkopf, Alex Xie, Graham Neubig, Ilia Kulikov, and Zaid Harchaoui · 2024
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Scaling llm test-time compute optimally can be more effective than scaling model parameters
Charlie Snell, Jaehoon Lee, Kelvin Xu, and Aviral Kumar · 2024
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Do not think that much for 2+ 3=? on the overthinking of o1-like llms
Xingyu Chen, Jiahao Xu, Tian Liang, Zhiwei He, Jianhui Pang, Dian Yu, Linfeng Song, Qiuzhi Liu, Mengfei Zhou, Zhuosheng Zhang, et al · 2024
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Deepspeed-fastgen: High-throughput text generation for llms via mii and deepspeed-inference
Connor Holmes, Masahiro Tanaka, Michael Wyatt, Ammar Ahmad Awan, Jeff Rasley, Samyam Rajbhandari, Reza Yazdani Aminabadi, Heyang Qin, Arash Bakhtiari, Lev Kurilenko, et al · 2024
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{ \{ DistServe } \} : Disaggregating prefill and decoding for goodput-optimized large language model serving
Yinmin Zhong, Shengyu Liu, Junda Chen, Jianbo Hu, Yibo Zhu, Xuanzhe Liu, Xin Jin, and Hao Zhang · 2024
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Splitwise: Efficient generative llm inference using phase splitting
Pratyush Patel, Esha Choukse, Chaojie Zhang, Aashaka Shah, Íñigo Goiri, Saeed Maleki, and Ricardo Bianchini · 2024
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Adaptive inference-time compute: Llms can predict if they can do better, even mid-generation
Rohin Manvi, Anikait Singh, and Stefano Ermon · 2024
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Yangzhen Wu, Zhiqing Sun, Shanda Li, Sean Welleck, and Yiming Yang · 2024
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Learning to reason with llms, 2024
OpenAI · 2024
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Large language monkeys: Scaling inference compute with repeated sampling
Bradley Brown, Jordan Juravsky, Ryan Ehrlich, Ronald Clark, Quoc V Le, Christopher Ré, and Azalia Mirhoseini · 2024
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An Yang, Baosong Yang, Binyuan Hui, Bo Zheng, Bowen Yu, Chang Zhou, Chengpeng Li, Chengyuan Li, Dayiheng Liu, Fei Huang, et al · 2024
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Deepseek-r1-lite-preview is now live: unleashing supercharged reasoning power, 2024
Deepseek · 2024
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Detecting hallucinations in large language models using semantic entropy
Sebastian Farquhar, Jannik Kossen, Lorenz Kuhn, and Yarin Gal · 2024
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Do llms know about hallucination? an empirical investigation of llm’s hidden states
Hanyu Duan, Yi Yang, and Kar Yan Tam · 2024
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Distinguishing the knowable from the unknowable with language models
Gustaf Ahdritz, Tian Qin, Nikhil Vyas, Boaz Barak, and Benjamin L Edelman · 2024
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Tingxu Han, Zhenting Wang, Chunrong Fang, Shiyu Zhao, Shiqing Ma, and Zhenyu Chen · 2024
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Gemma 2: Improving open language models at a practical size
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Phi-3 technical report: A highly capable language model locally on your phone
Marah Abdin, Jyoti Aneja, Hany Awadalla, Ahmed Awadallah, Ammar Ahmad Awan, Nguyen Bach, Amit Bahree, Arash Bakhtiari, Jianmin Bao, Harkirat Behl, et al · 2024
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Skywork-o1 open series, November 2024
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Niklas Muennighoff, Zitong Yang, Weijia Shi, Xiang Lisa Li, Li Fei-Fei, Hannaneh Hajishirzi, Luke Zettlemoyer, Percy Liang, Emmanuel Candès, and Tatsunori Hashimoto · 2025
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Openai o3-mini system card
OpenAI · 2025
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Grok 3 beta — the age of reasoning agents, 2025
xAI · 2025
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Gemini 2.5 pro, 2025
Google DeepMind · 2025
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Thinkprune: Pruning long chain-of-thought of llms via reinforcement learning
Bairu Hou, Yang Zhang, Jiabao Ji, Yujian Liu, Kaizhi Qian, Jacob Andreas, and Shiyu Chang · 2025
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Deepseek-r1: Incentivizing reasoning capability in llms via reinforcement learning
Daya Guo, Dejian Yang, Haowei Zhang, Junxiao Song, Ruoyu Zhang, Runxin Xu, Qihao Zhu, Shirong Ma, Peiyi Wang, Xiao Bi, et al · 2025
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Kimi k1. 5: Scaling reinforcement learning with llms
Kimi Team, Angang Du, Bofei Gao, Bowei Xing, Changjiu Jiang, Cheng Chen, Cheng Li, Chenjun Xiao, Chenzhuang Du, Chonghua Liao, et al · 2025
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Tokenskip: Controllable chain-of-thought compression in llms
Heming Xia, Yongqi Li, Chak Tou Leong, Wenjie Wang, and Wenjie Li · 2025
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Self-training elicits concise reasoning in large language models
Tergel Munkhbat, Namgyu Ho, Seo Hyun Kim, Yongjin Yang, Yujin Kim, and Se-Young Yun · 2025
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O1-pruner: Length-harmonizing fine-tuning for o1-like reasoning pruning
Haotian Luo, Li Shen, Haiying He, Yibo Wang, Shiwei Liu, Wei Li, Naiqiang Tan, Xiaochun Cao, and Dacheng Tao · 2025
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Cot-valve: Length-compressible chain-of-thought tuning
Xinyin Ma, Guangnian Wan, Runpeng Yu, Gongfan Fang, and Xinchao Wang · 2025
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Long Phan, Alice Gatti, Ziwen Han, Nathaniel Li, Josephina Hu, Hugh Zhang, Chen Bo Calvin Zhang, Mohamed Shaaban, John Ling, Sean Shi, et al · 2025
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