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Digital agents for automating tasks across different platforms by directly manipulating the GUIs are increasingly important.
Megatron-lm: Training multi-billion parameter language models using model parallelism
Mohammad Shoeybi, Mostofa Patwary, Raul Puri, Patrick LeGresley, Jared Casper, and Bryan Catanzaro. 2019 · 1909
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Mapping natural language instructions to mobile ui action sequences
Yang Li, Jiacong He, Xin Zhou, Yuan Zhang, and Jason Baldridge. 2020a · 2005
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Widget captioning: Generating natural language description for mobile user interface elements
Yang Li, Gang Li, Luheng He, Jingjie Zheng, Hong Li, and Zhiwei Guan. 2020b · 2010
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Referitgame: Referring to objects in photographs of natural scenes
Sahar Kazemzadeh, Vicente Ordonez, Mark Matten, and Tamara Berg. 2014 · 2014
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Enriching word vectors with subword information
Piotr Bojanowski, Edouard Grave, Armand Joulin, and Tomas Mikolov. 2017 · 2017
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Reinforcement learning on web interfaces using workflow-guided exploration
Evan Zheran Liu, Kelvin Guu, Panupong Pasupat, Tianlin Shi, and Percy Liang. 2018 · 2018
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Uibert: Learning generic multimodal representations for ui understanding
Chongyang Bai, Xiaoxue Zang, Ying Xu, Srinivas Sunkara, Abhinav Rastogi, Jindong Chen, et al. 2021 · 2021
Earlier work this paper cites.
Androidenv: A reinforcement learning platform for android
Daniel Toyama, Philippe Hamel, Anita Gergely, Gheorghe Comanici, Amelia Glaese, Zafarali Ahmed, Tyler Jackson, Shibl Mourad, and Doina Precup. 2021 · 2021
Earlier work this paper cites.
Chain-of-thought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models
Jason Wei, Xuezhi Wang, Dale Schuurmans, Maarten Bosma, Fei Xia, Ed Chi, Quoc V Le, Denny Zhou, et al. 2022 · 2022
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Qwen-vl: A frontier large vision-language model with versatile abilities
Jinze Bai, Shuai Bai, Shusheng Yang, Shijie Wang, Sinan Tan, Peng Wang, Junyang Lin, Chang Zhou, and Jingren Zhou. 2023 · 2023
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Shikra: Unleashing multimodal llm’s referential dialogue magic
Keqin Chen, Zhao Zhang, Weili Zeng, Richong Zhang, Feng Zhu, and Rui Zhao. 2023 · 2023
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Instructblip: Towards general-purpose vision-language models with instruction tuning
Wenliang Dai, Junnan Li, Dongxu Li, Anthony Meng Huat Tiong, Junqi Zhao, Weisheng Wang, Boyang Li, Pascale Fung, and Steven Hoi. 2023 · 2023
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Assistgui: Task-oriented desktop graphical user interface automation
Difei Gao, Lei Ji, Zechen Bai, Mingyu Ouyang, Peiran Li, Dongxing Mao, Qinchen Wu, Weichen Zhang, Peiyi Wang, Xiangwu Guo, et al. 2023 · 2023
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Semantic-sam: Segment and recognize anything at any granularity
Feng Li, Hao Zhang, Peize Sun, Xueyan Zou, Shilong Liu, Jianwei Yang, Chunyuan Li, Lei Zhang, and Jianfeng Gao. 2023 · 2023
Earlier work this paper cites.
Grounding dino: Marrying dino with grounded pre-training for open-set object detection
Shilong Liu, Zhaoyang Zeng, Tianhe Ren, Feng Li, Hao Zhang, Jie Yang, Chunyuan Li, Jianwei Yang, Hang Su, Jun Zhu, et al. 2023 · 2023
Earlier work this paper cites.
Laser: Llm agent with state-space exploration for web navigation
Kaixin Ma, Hongming Zhang, Hongwei Wang, Xiaoman Pan, Wenhao Yu, and Dong Yu. 2023 · 2023
Earlier work this paper cites.
Kosmos-2: Grounding multimodal large language models to the world
Zhiliang Peng, Wenhui Wang, Li Dong, Yaru Hao, Shaohan Huang, Shuming Ma, and Furu Wei. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Detgpt: Detect what you need via reasoning
Renjie Pi, Jiahui Gao, Shizhe Diao, Rui Pan, Hanze Dong, Jipeng Zhang, Lewei Yao, Jianhua Han, Hang Xu, Lingpeng Kong, et al. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Set-of-mark prompting unleashes extraordinary visual grounding in gpt-4v
Jianwei Yang, Hao Zhang, Feng Li, Xueyan Zou, Chunyuan Li, and Jianfeng Gao. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Ferret: Refer and ground anything anywhere at any granularity
Haoxuan You, Haotian Zhang, Zhe Gan, Xianzhi Du, Bowen Zhang, Zirui Wang, Liangliang Cao, Shih-Fu Chang, and Yinfei Yang. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Cogagent: A visual language model for gui agents
Wenyi Hong, Weihan Wang, Qingsong Lv, Jiazheng Xu, Wenmeng Yu, Junhui Ji, Yan Wang, Zihan Wang, Yuxiao Dong, Ming Ding, et al. 2024 · 2024
Closest in time.
Omniact: A dataset and benchmark for enabling multimodal generalist autonomous agents for desktop and web
Raghav Kapoor, Yash Parag Butala, Melisa Russak, Jing Yu Koh, Kiran Kamble, Waseem Alshikh, and Ruslan Salakhutdinov. 2024 · 2024
Closest in time.
Visualwebarena: Evaluating multimodal agents on realistic visual web tasks
Jing Yu Koh, Robert Lo, Lawrence Jang, Vikram Duvvur, Ming Chong Lim, Po-Yu Huang, Graham Neubig, Shuyan Zhou, Ruslan Salakhutdinov, and Daniel Fried. 2024 · 2024
Closest in time.
Autowebglm: Bootstrap and reinforce a large language model-based web navigating agent
Hanyu Lai, Xiao Liu, Iat Long Iong, Shuntian Yao, Yuxuan Chen, Pengbo Shen, Hao Yu, Hanchen Zhang, Xiaohan Zhang, Yuxiao Dong, et al. 2024 · 2024
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Visual instruction tuning
Haotian Liu, Chunyuan Li, Qingyang Wu, and Yong Jae Lee. 2024 · 2024
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Synapse: Trajectory-as-exemplar prompting with memory for computer control
Longtao Zheng, Rundong Wang, Xinrun Wang, and Bo An. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Webarena: A realistic web environment for building autonomous agents
Shuyan Zhou, Frank F Xu, Hao Zhu, Xuhui Zhou, Robert Lo, Abishek Sridhar, Xianyi Cheng, Tianyue Ou, Yonatan Bisk, Daniel Fried, et al. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Segment everything everywhere all at once
Xueyan Zou, Jianwei Yang, Hao Zhang, Feng Li, Linjie Li, Jianfeng Wang, Lijuan Wang, Jianfeng Gao, and Yong Jae Lee. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Agent-e: From autonomous web navigation to foundational design principles in agentic systems
Tamer Abuelsaad, Deepak Akkil, Prasenjit Dey, Ashish Jagmohan, Aditya Vempaty, and Ravi Kokku. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Digirl: Training in-the-wild device-control agents with autonomous reinforcement learning
Hao Bai, Yifei Zhou, Mert Cemri, Jiayi Pan, Alane Suhr, Sergey Levine, and Aviral Kumar. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Amex: Android multi-annotation expo dataset for mobile gui agents
Yuxiang Chai, Siyuan Huang, Yazhe Niu, Han Xiao, Liang Liu, Dingyu Zhang, Peng Gao, Shuai Ren, and Hongsheng Li. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Guicourse: From general vision language models to versatile gui agents
Wentong Chen, Junbo Cui, Jinyi Hu, Yujia Qin, Junjie Fang, Yue Zhao, Chongyi Wang, Jun Liu, Guirong Chen, Yupeng Huo, et al. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Seeclick: Harnessing gui grounding for advanced visual gui agents
Kanzhi Cheng, Qiushi Sun, Yougang Chu, Fangzhi Xu, Yantao Li, Jianbing Zhang, and Zhiyong Wu. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Closest in time.
Gui odyssey: A comprehensive dataset for cross-app gui navigation on mobile devices
Quanfeng Lu, Wenqi Shao, Zitao Liu, Fanqing Meng, Boxuan Li, Botong Chen, Siyuan Huang, Kaipeng Zhang, Yu Qiao, and Ping Luo. 2024 · 2024
Closest in time.
Screenagent: A vision language model-driven computer control agent
Runliang Niu, Jindong Li, Shiqi Wang, Yali Fu, Xiyu Hu, Xueyuan Leng, He Kong, Yi Chang, and Qi Wang. 2024 · 2024
Closest in time.
Mobileflow: A multimodal llm for mobile gui agent
Songqin Nong, Jiali Zhu, Rui Wu, Jiongchao Jin, Shuo Shan, Xiutian Huang, and Wenhao Xu. 2024 · 2024
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System-1. x: Learning to balance fast and slow planning with language models
Swarnadeep Saha, Archiki Prasad, Justin Chih-Yao Chen, Peter Hase, Elias Stengel-Eskin, and Mohit Bansal. 2024 · 2024
Closest in time.
Visual cot: Unleashing chain-of-thought reasoning in multi-modal language models
Hao Shao, Shengju Qian, Han Xiao, Guanglu Song, Zhuofan Zong, Letian Wang, Yu Liu, and Hongsheng Li. 2024 · 2024
Closest in time.
Autodroid: Llm-powered task automation in android
Hao Wen, Yuanchun Li, Guohong Liu, Shanhui Zhao, Tao Yu, Toby Jia-Jun Li, Shiqi Jiang, Yunhao Liu, Yaqin Zhang, and Yunxin Liu. 2024 · 2024
Closest in time.
Os-copilot: Towards generalist computer agents with self-improvement
Zhiyong Wu, Chengcheng Han, Zichen Ding, Zhenmin Weng, Zhoumianze Liu, Shunyu Yao, Tao Yu, and Lingpeng Kong. 2024 · 2024
Closest in time.
Osworld: Benchmarking multimodal agents for open-ended tasks in real computer environments
Tianbao Xie, Danyang Zhang, Jixuan Chen, Xiaochuan Li, Siheng Zhao, Ruisheng Cao, Toh Jing Hua, Zhoujun Cheng, Dongchan Shin, Fangyu Lei, et al. 2024 · 2024
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Ferret-ui: Grounded mobile ui understanding with multimodal llms
Keen You, Haotian Zhang, Eldon Schoop, Floris Weers, Amanda Swearngin, Jeffrey Nichols, Yinfei Yang, and Zhe Gan. 2024 · 2024
Closest in time.
Gpt-4v (ision) is a generalist web agent, if grounded
Boyuan Zheng, Boyu Gou, Jihyung Kil, Huan Sun, and Yu Su. 2024 · 2024
Closest in time.
Autogui: Scaling gui grounding with automatic functionality annotations from llms
Hongxin Li, Jingfan Chen, Jingran Su, Yuntao Chen, Qing Li, and Zhaoxiang Zhang. 2025 · 2025
Closest in time.