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Vision transformers (ViTs) are widely employed in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) for visual encoding.
The laplacian pyramid as a compact image code
Peter J. Burt and Edward H. Adelson · 1983
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Distinctive image features from scale-invariant keypoints
David G. Lowe · 2004
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Connectionist temporal classification: labelling unsegmented sequence data with recurrent neural networks
Alex Graves, Santiago Fernández, Faustino Gomez, and Jürgen Schmidhuber · 2006
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Synthetic data and artificial neural networks for natural scene text recognition
Max Jaderberg, Karen Simonyan, Andrea Vedaldi, and Andrew Zisserman · 2014
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Referitgame: Referring to objects in photographs of natural scenes
Sahar Kazemzadeh, Vicente Ordonez, Mark Matten, and Tamara Berg · 2014
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Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition
Karen Simonyan and Andrew Zisserman · 2014
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VQA: Visual question answering
Stanislaw Antol, Aishwarya Agrawal, Jiasen Lu, Margaret Mitchell, Dhruv Batra, C Lawrence Zitnick, and Devi Parikh · 2015
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Flickr30k entities: Collecting region-to-phrase correspondences for richer image-to-sentence models
Bryan A Plummer, Liwei Wang, Chris M Cervantes, Juan C Caicedo, Julia Hockenmaier, and Svetlana Lazebnik · 2015
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Faster r-cnn: Towards real-time object detection with region proposal networks
Shaoqing Ren · 2015
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U-net: Convolutional networks for biomedical image segmentation
Olaf Ronneberger, Philipp Fischer, and Thomas Brox · 2015
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Understanding intermediate layers using linear classifier probes
Guillaume Alain · 2016
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Deep residual learning for image recognition
Kaiming He, Xiangyu Zhang, Shaoqing Ren, and Jian Sun · 2016
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On large-batch training for deep learning: Generalization gap and sharp minima
Nitish Shirish Keskar, Dheevatsa Mudigere, Jorge Nocedal, Mikhail Smelyanskiy, and Ping Tak Peter Tang · 2016
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Generation and comprehension of unambiguous object descriptions
Junhua Mao, Jonathan Huang, Alexander Toshev, Oana Camburu, Alan L Yuille, and Kevin Murphy · 2016
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Modeling context in referring expressions
Licheng Yu, Patrick Poirson, Shan Yang, Alexander C Berg, and Tamara L Berg · 2016
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Making the v in vqa matter: Elevating the role of image understanding in visual question answering
Yash Goyal, Tejas Khot, Douglas Summers-Stay, Dhruv Batra, and Devi Parikh · 2017
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Mask R-CNN
Kaiming He, Georgia Gkioxari, Piotr Dollár, and Ross Girshick · 2017
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Visual genome: Connecting language and vision using crowdsourced dense image annotations
Ranjay Krishna, Yuke Zhu, Oliver Groth, Justin Johnson, Kenji Hata, Joshua Kravitz, Stephanie Chen, Yannis Kalantidis, Li-Jia Li, David A Shamma, et al · 2017
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Feature pyramid networks for object detection
Tsung-Yi Lin, Piotr Dollár, Ross Girshick, Kaiming He, Bharath Hariharan, and Serge Belongie · 2017
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VizWiz grand challenge: Answering visual questions from blind people
Danna Gurari, Qing Li, Abigale J Stangl, Anhong Guo, Chi Lin, Kristen Grauman, Jiebo Luo, and Jeffrey P Bigham · 2018
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DVQA: Understanding data visualizations via question answering
Kushal Kafle, Scott Cohen, Brian Price, and Christopher Kanan · 2018
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GQA: A new dataset for real-world visual reasoning and compositional question answering
Drew A Hudson and Christopher D Manning · 2019
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Ok-vqa: A visual question answering benchmark requiring external knowledge
Kenneth Marino, Mohammad Rastegari, Ali Farhadi, and Roozbeh Mottaghi · 2019
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OCR-VQA: Visual question answering by reading text in images
Anand Mishra, Shashank Shekhar, Ajeet Kumar Singh, and Anirban Chakraborty · 2019
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Towards VQA models that can read
Amanpreet Singh, Vivek Natarajan, Meet Shah, Yu Jiang, Xinlei Chen, Dhruv Batra, Devi Parikh, and Marcus Rohrbach · 2019
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It is likely that your loss should be a likelihood
Mark Hamilton, Evan Shelhamer, and William T Freeman · 2020
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Textcaps: a dataset for image captioning with reading comprehension
Oleksii Sidorov, Ronghang Hu, Marcus Rohrbach, and Amanpreet Singh · 2020
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On the general value of evidence, and bilingual scene-text visual question answering
Xinyu Wang, Yuliang Liu, Chunhua Shen, Chun Chet Ng, Canjie Luo, Lianwen Jin, Chee Seng Chan, Anton van den Hengel, and Liangwei Wang · 2020
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Deformable detr: Deformable transformers for end-to-end object detection
Xizhou Zhu, Weijie Su, Lewei Lu, Bin Li, Xiaogang Wang, and Jifeng Dai · 2020
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Vision transformer for fast and efficient scene text recognition, 2021
Rowel Atienza · 2021
Cited alongside, same era.
An image is worth 16x16 words: Transformers for image recognition at scale
Alexey Dosovitskiy, Lucas Beyer, Alexander Kolesnikov, Dirk Weissenborn, Xiaohua Zhai, Thomas Unterthiner, Mostafa Dehghani, Matthias Minderer, Georg Heigold, Sylvain Gelly, et al · 2021
Cited alongside, same era.
Swin transformer: Hierarchical vision transformer using shifted windows
Ze Liu, Yutong Lin, Yue Cao, Han Hu, Yixuan Wei, Zheng Zhang, Stephen Lin, and Baining Guo · 2021
Cited alongside, same era.
Docvqa: A dataset for VQA on document images
Minesh Mathew, Dimosthenis Karatzas, and C. V. Jawahar · 2021
Cited alongside, same era.
Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervision
Alec Radford, Jong Wook Kim, Chris Hallacy, Aditya Ramesh, Gabriel Goh, Sandhini Agarwal, Girish Sastry, Amanda Askell, Pamela Mishkin, Jack Clark, et al · 2021
Cited alongside, same era.
LLaMA: Open and efficient foundation language models
Hugo Touvron, Thibaut Lavril, Gautier Izacard, Xavier Martinet, Marie-Anne Lachaux, Timothée Lacroix, Baptiste Rozière, Naman Goyal, Eric Hambro, Faisal Azhar, et al · 2023
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Vary: Scaling up the vision vocabulary for large vision-language models
Haoran Wei, Lingyu Kong, Jinyue Chen, Liang Zhao, Zheng Ge, Jinrong Yang, Jianjian Sun, Chunrui Han, and Xiangyu Zhang · 2023
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Ferret: Refer and ground anything anywhere at any granularity
Haoxuan You, Haotian Zhang, Zhe Gan, Xianzhi Du, Bowen Zhang, Zirui Wang, Liangliang Cao, Shih-Fu Chang, and Yinfei Yang · 2023
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Hivit: A simpler and more efficient design of hierarchical vision transformer
Xiaosong Zhang, Yunjie Tian, Lingxi Xie, Wei Huang, Qi Dai, Qixiang Ye, and Qi Tian · 2023
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Rubèn Tito, Dimosthenis Karatzas, and Ernest Valveny · 2021
Cited alongside, same era.
Flamingo: a visual language model for few-shot learning
Jean-Baptiste Alayrac, Jeff Donahue, Pauline Luc, Antoine Miech, Iain Barr, Yana Hasson, Karel Lenc, Arthur Mensch, Katherine Millican, Malcolm Reynolds, Roman Ring, Eliza Rutherford, Serkan Cabi, Tengda Han, Zhitao Gong, Sina Samangooei, Marianne Monteiro, Jacob L. Menick, Sebastian Borgeaud, Andy Brock, Aida Nematzadeh, Sahand Sharifzadeh, Mikolaj Binkowski, Ricardo Barreira, Oriol Vinyals, Andrew Zisserman, and Karén Simonyan · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Token merging: Your vit but faster
Daniel Bolya, Cheng-Yang Fu, Xiaoliang Dai, Peizhao Zhang, Christoph Feichtenhofer, and Judy Hoffman · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Unsupervised semantic segmentation by distilling feature correspondences
Mark Hamilton, Zhoutong Zhang, Bharath Hariharan, Noah Snavely, and William T. Freeman · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Ocr-free document understanding transformer
Geewook Kim, Teakgyu Hong, Moonbin Yim, JeongYeon Nam, Jinyoung Park, Jinyeong Yim, Wonseok Hwang, Sangdoo Yun, Dongyoon Han, and Seunghyun Park · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
A convnet for the 2020s
Zhuang Liu, Hanzi Mao, Chao-Yuan Wu, Christoph Feichtenhofer, Trevor Darrell, and Saining Xie · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Learn to explain: Multimodal reasoning via thought chains for science question answering
Pan Lu, Swaroop Mishra, Tanglin Xia, Liang Qiu, Kai-Wei Chang, Song-Chun Zhu, Oyvind Tafjord, Peter Clark, and Ashwin Kalyan · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Deyao Zhu, Jun Chen, Xiaoqian Shen, Xiang Li, and Mohamed Elhoseiny · 2023
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/xai-org/RealworldQA
RealWorldQA · 2024
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Multi-label cluster discrimination for visual representation learning
Xiang An, Kaicheng Yang, Xiangzi Dai, Ziyong Feng, and Jiankang Deng · 2024
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Mmfuser: Multimodal multi-layer feature fuser for fine-grained vision-language understanding
Yue Cao, Yangzhou Liu, Zhe Chen, Guangchen Shi, Wenhai Wang, Danhuai Zhao, and Tong Lu · 2024
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Honeybee: Locality-enhanced projector for multimodal llm
Junbum Cha, Wooyoung Kang, Jonghwan Mun, and Byungseok Roh · 2024
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Xiaoyi Dong, Pan Zhang, Yuhang Zang, Yuhang Cao, Bin Wang, Linke Ouyang, Songyang Zhang, Haodong Duan, Wenwei Zhang, Yining Li, Hang Yan, Yang Gao, Zhe Chen, Xinyue Zhang, Wei Li, Jingwen Li, Wenhai Wang, Kai Chen, Conghui He, Xingcheng Zhang, Jifeng Dai, Yu Qiao, Dahua Lin, and Jiaqi Wang · 2024
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Featup: A model-agnostic framework for features at any resolution
Stephanie Fu, Mark Hamilton, Laura Brandt, Axel Feldman, Zhoutong Zhang, and William T Freeman · 2024
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Jack of all trades, master of some, a multi-purpose transformer agent
Quentin Gallouédec, Edward Beeching, Clément Romac, and Emmanuel Dellandréa · 2024
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Sphinx-x: Scaling data and parameters for a family of multi-modal large language models
Peng Gao, Renrui Zhang, Chris Liu, Longtian Qiu, Siyuan Huang, Weifeng Lin, Shitian Zhao, Shijie Geng, Ziyi Lin, Peng Jin, et al · 2024
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Hallusionbench: an advanced diagnostic suite for entangled language hallucination and visual illusion in large vision-language models
Tianrui Guan, Fuxiao Liu, Xiyang Wu, Ruiqi Xian, Zongxia Li, Xiaoyu Liu, Xijun Wang, Lichang Chen, Furong Huang, Yaser Yacoob, et al · 2024
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LLaVA-UHD: an lmm perceiving any aspect ratio and high-resolution images
Zonghao Guo, Ruyi Xu, Yuan Yao, Junbo Cui, Zanlin Ni, Chunjiang Ge, Tat-Seng Chua, Zhiyuan Liu, and Gao Huang · 2024
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Chat-univi: Unified visual representation empowers large language models with image and video understanding
Peng Jin, Ryuichi Takanobu, Wancai Zhang, Xiaochun Cao, and Li Yuan · 2024
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Vila: On pre-training for visual language models
Ji Lin, Hongxu Yin, Wei Ping, Pavlo Molchanov, Mohammad Shoeybi, and Song Han · 2024
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LLaVA-NeXT: Improved reasoning, ocr, and world knowledge
Haotian Liu, Chunyuan Li, Yuheng Li, Bo Li, Yuanhan Zhang, Sheng Shen, and Yong Jae Lee · 2024
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Feast your eyes: Mixture-of-resolution adaptation for multimodal large language models
Gen Luo, Yiyi Zhou, Yuxin Zhang, Xiawu Zheng, Xiaoshuai Sun, and Rongrong Ji · 2024
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Llava-prumerge: Adaptive token reduction for efficient large multimodal models
Yuzhang Shang, Mu Cai, Bingxin Xu, Yong Jae Lee, and Yan Yan · 2024
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Eagle: Exploring the design space for multimodal llms with mixture of encoders
Min Shi, Fuxiao Liu, Shihao Wang, Shijia Liao, Subhashree Radhakrishnan, De-An Huang, Hongxu Yin, Karan Sapra, Yaser Yacoob, Humphrey Shi, et al · 2024
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Cambrian-1: A fully open, vision-centric exploration of multimodal llms
Shengbang Tong, Ellis Brown, Penghao Wu, Sanghyun Woo, Manoj Middepogu, Sai Charitha Akula, Jihan Yang, Shusheng Yang, Adithya Iyer, Xichen Pan, et al · 2024
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Minicpm-v: A gpt-4v level mllm on your phone
Yuan Yao, Tianyu Yu, Ao Zhang, Chongyi Wang, Junbo Cui, Hongji Zhu, Tianchi Cai, Haoyu Li, Weilin Zhao, Zhihui He, et al · 2024
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Mmmu: A massive multi-discipline multimodal understanding and reasoning benchmark for expert agi
Xiang Yue, Yuansheng Ni, Kai Zhang, Tianyu Zheng, Ruoqi Liu, Ge Zhang, Samuel Stevens, Dongfu Jiang, Weiming Ren, Yuxuan Sun, et al · 2024
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Griffon: Spelling out all object locations at any granularity with large language models
Yufei Zhan, Yousong Zhu, Zhiyang Chen, Fan Yang, Ming Tang, and Jinqiao Wang · 2024
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Mg-llava: Towards multi-granularity visual instruction tuning
Xiangyu Zhao, Xiangtai Li, Haodong Duan, Haian Huang, Yining Li, Kai Chen, and Hua Yang · 2024
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Mova: Adapting mixture of vision experts to multimodal context
Zhuofan Zong, Bingqi Ma, Dazhong Shen, Guanglu Song, Hao Shao, Dongzhi Jiang, Hongsheng Li, and Yu Liu · 2024
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Parameter-inverted image pyramid networks for visual perception and multimodal understanding
Zhaokai Wang, Xizhou Zhu, Xue Yang, Gen Luo, Hao Li, Changyao Tian, Wenhan Dou, Junqi Ge, Lewei Lu, Yu Qiao, et al · 2025
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Dense connector for mllms
Huanjin Yao, Wenhao Wu, Taojiannan Yang, YuXin Song, Mengxi Zhang, Haocheng Feng, Yifan Sun, Zhiheng Li, Wanli Ouyang, and Jingdong Wang · 2025
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