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Top-down transparency typically analyzes language model activations using probes with scalar or single-token outputs, limiting the range of behaviors that can be captured.
Alireza Makhzani and Brendan Frey · 2013
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Vqa: Visual question answering
Stanislaw Antol, Aishwarya Agrawal, Jiasen Lu, Margaret Mitchell, Dhruv Batra, C Lawrence Zitnick, and Devi Parikh · 2015
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Understanding intermediate layers using linear classifier probes
Guillaume Alain and Yoshua Bengio · 2016
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Pointer sentinel mixture models
Stephen Merity, Caiming Xiong, James Bradbury, and Richard Socher · 2016
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Openwebtext corpus
Aaron Gokaslan, Vanya Cohen, Ellie Pavlick, and Stefanie Tellex · 2019
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CrowS-pairs: A challenge dataset for measuring social biases in masked language models
Nikita Nangia, Clara Vania, Rasika Bhalerao, and Samuel R. Bowman · 2020
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interpreting gpt: the logit lens, 2020
nostalgebraist · 2020
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Learning to summarize with human feedback
Nisan Stiennon, Long Ouyang, Jeffrey Wu, Daniel Ziegler, Ryan Lowe, Chelsea Voss, Alec Radford, Dario Amodei, and Paul F Christiano · 2020
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A framework for few-shot language model evaluation, September 2021
Leo Gao, Jonathan Tow, Stella Biderman, Sid Black, Anthony DiPofi, Charles Foster, Laurence Golding, Jeffrey Hsu, Kyle McDonell, Niklas Muennighoff, Jason Phang, Laria Reynolds, Eric Tang, Anish Thite, Ben Wang, Kevin Wang, and Andy Zou · 2021
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Unsolved problems in ml safety
Dan Hendrycks, Nicholas Carlini, John Schulman, and Jacob Steinhardt · 2021
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Lora: Low-rank adaptation of large language models
Edward J Hu, Yelong Shen, Phillip Wallis, Zeyuan Allen-Zhu, Yuanzhi Li, Shean Wang, Lu Wang, and Weizhu Chen · 2021
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Implicit representations of meaning in neural language models
Belinda Z. Li, Maxwell I. Nye, and Jacob Andreas · 2021
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Dexperts: Decoding-time controlled text generation with experts and anti-experts
Alisa Liu, Maarten Sap, Ximing Lu, Swabha Swayamdipta, Chandra Bhagavatula, Noah A Smith, and Yejin Choi · 2021
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Stereoset: Measuring stereotypical bias in pretrained language models
Moin Nadeem, Anna Bethke, and Siva Reddy · 2021
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Probing classifiers: Promises, shortcomings, and advances
Yonatan Belinkov · 2022
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Locating and editing factual associations in GPT
Kevin Meng, David Bau, Alex Andonian, and Yonatan Belinkov · 2022
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Fast model editing at scale
Eric Mitchell, Charles Lin, Antoine Bosselut, Chelsea Finn, and Christopher D. Manning · 2022
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Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback
Long Ouyang, Jeffrey Wu, Xu Jiang, Diogo Almeida, Carroll Wainwright, Pamela Mishkin, Chong Zhang, Sandhini Agarwal, Katarina Slama, Alex Ray, et al · 2022
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Eliciting latent predictions from transformers with the tuned lens
Nora Belrose, Zach Furman, Logan Smith, Danny Halawi, Igor Ostrovsky, Lev McKinney, Stella Biderman, and Jacob Steinhardt · 2023
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Language models can explain neurons in language models
Steven Bills, Nick Cammarata, Dan Mossing, Henk Tillman, Leo Gao, Gabriel Goh, Ilya Sutskever, Jan Leike, Jeff Wu, and William Saunders · 2023
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Vicuna: An open-source chatbot impressing gpt-4 with 90%* chatgpt quality
Wei-Lin Chiang, Zhuohan Li, Zi Lin, Ying Sheng, Zhanghao Wu, Hao Zhang, Lianmin Zheng, Siyuan Zhuang, Yonghao Zhuang, Joseph E Gonzalez, et al · 2023
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Free dolly: Introducing the world’s first truly open instruction-tuned llm, 2023
Mike Conover, Matt Hayes, Ankit Mathur, Jianwei Xie, Jun Wan, Sam Shah, Ali Ghodsi, Patrick Wendell, Matei Zaharia, and Reynold Xin · 2023
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Sparse autoencoders find highly interpretable features in language models
Hoagy Cunningham, Aidan Ewart, Logan Riggs, Robert Huben, and Lee Sharkey · 2023
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Interpreting clip’s image representation via text-based decomposition
Activation addition: Steering language models without optimization
Alexander Matt Turner, Lisa Thiergart, Gavin Leech, David Udell, Juan J Vazquez, Ulisse Mini, and Monte MacDiarmid · 2023
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The system model and the user model: Exploring ai dashboard design
Fernanda Viégas and Martin Wattenberg · 2023
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Language in a bottle: Language model guided concept bottlenecks for interpretable image classification
Yue Yang, Artemis Panagopoulou, Shenghao Zhou, Daniel Jin, Chris Callison-Burch, and Mark Yatskar · 2023
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Evaluating large language models at evaluating instruction following
Zhiyuan Zeng, Jiatong Yu, Tianyu Gao, Yu Meng, Tanya Goyal, and Danqi Chen · 2023
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Representation engineering: A top-down approach to ai transparency
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Yossi Gandelsman, Alexei A Efros, and Jacob Steinhardt · 2023
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In-context learning creates task vectors
Roee Hendel, Mor Geva, and Amir Globerson · 2023
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Inspecting and editing knowledge representations in language models
Evan Hernandez, Belinda Z Li, and Jacob Andreas · 2023
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Automatically auditing large language models via discrete optimization
Erik Jones, Anca Dragan, Aditi Raghunathan, and Jacob Steinhardt · 2023
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Inference-time intervention: Eliciting truthful answers from a language model
Kenneth Li, Oam Patel, Fernanda Viégas, Hanspeter Pfister, and Martin Wattenberg · 2023
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Visual instruction tuning
Haotian Liu, Chunyuan Li, Qingyang Wu, and Yong Jae Lee · 2023
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Mass-editing memory in a transformer
Kevin Meng, Arnab Sen Sharma, Alex J. Andonian, Yonatan Belinkov, and David Bau · 2023
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Future lens: Anticipating subsequent tokens from a single hidden state
Koyena Pal, Jiuding Sun, Andrew Yuan, Byron C Wallace, and David Bau · 2023
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Andy Zou, Long Phan, Sarah Chen, James Campbell, Phillip Guo, Richard Ren, Alexander Pan, Xuwang Yin, Mantas Mazeika, Ann-Kathrin Dombrowski, et al · 2023
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Golden gate claude, 2024
Anthropic · 2024
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Refusal in language models is mediated by a single direction
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Selfie: Self-interpretation of large language model embeddings
Haozhe Chen, Carl Vondrick, and Chengzhi Mao · 2024
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Monitoring latent world states in language models with propositional probes
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Patchscopes: A unifying framework for inspecting hidden representations of language models
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The operational risks of ai in large-scale biological attacks: Results of a red-team study
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Linearity of relation decoding in transformer language models
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Evaluating frontier models for dangerous capabilities
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The instruction hierarchy: Training llms to prioritize privileged instructions
Eric Wallace, Kai Xiao, Reimar Leike, Lilian Weng, Johannes Heidecke, and Alex Beutel · 2024
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Eliciting language model behaviors with investigator agents
Xiang Lisa Li, Neil Chowdhury, Daniel D Johnson, Tatsunori Hashimoto, Percy Liang, Sarah Schwettmann, and Jacob Steinhardt · 2025
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