Fault-Tolerant Operation and Materials Science with Neutral Atom Logical Qubits

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We report on the fault-tolerant operation of logical qubits on a neutral atom quantum computer, with logical performance surpassing physical performance for multiple circuits including Bell states (12x error reduction), random circuits (15x), and a prototype Anderson Impurity Model ground state solver for materials science applications (up to 6x, non-fault-tolerantly).

• The logical qubits are implemented via the [[4, 2, 2]] code (C4).
• Our work constitutes the first complete realization of the benchmarking protocol proposed by Gottesman 2016 [1] demonstrating results consistent with fault-tolerance.
• In light of recent advances on applying concatenated C4/C6 detection codes to achieve error correction with high code rates and thresholds, our work can be regarded as a building block towards a practical scheme for fault tolerant quantum computation.