Built on

Pierre Martin-Dussaud, Carlo Rovelli, “Evaporating Black-to-White Hole”, Class. Quant. Grav. 36
Original
1905
Earlier work this paper cites.
De-Chang Dai, “State of a Particle Pair Produced by the Schwinger Effect Is Not Necessarily a Maximally Entangled Bell State”, Phys. Rev. D 100
Original
1908
Earlier work this paper cites.
Run-Qiu Yang, “Upper Bound About Cross-Sections Inside Black Holes and Complexity Growth Rate”, Phys. Rev. D 102
Original
1911
Earlier work this paper cites.
V. A. Ruban, “Spherically Symmetric T-Models in the General Theory of Relativity”, Gen. Rel. Grav 33
1969
Earlier work this paper cites.
Robert W. Brehme , “Inside the Black Hole”, Am. J. Phys. 45
1977
Earlier work this paper cites.
Jacob D. Bekenstein, “Universal Upper Bound on the Entropy-To-Energy Ratio for Bounded Systems”, Phys. Rev. D 23
1981
Earlier work this paper cites.
William A. Hiscock, “Models of Evaporating Black Holes. I”, Phys. Rev. D 23
1981
Earlier work this paper cites.
Yakir Aharonov, Aharon Casher, and Shmuel Nussinov, “The Unitarity Puzzle and Planck Mass Stable Particles”, Phys. Lett. B 191
1987
Earlier work this paper cites.
J. H. MacGibbon, “Can Planck-Mass Relics of Evaporating Black Holes Close the Universe?”, Nature 329
1987
Earlier work this paper cites.
Don N. Page, “Average Entropy of a Subsystem”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71
1993
Earlier work this paper cites.
Don N. Page, “Information in Black Hole Radiation”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71
1993
Earlier work this paper cites.
Steven Giddings, “Comments on Information Loss and Remnants”, Phys. Rev. D 49
1994
Earlier work this paper cites.
Renaud Parentani, Tsvi Piran, “The Internal Geometry of an Evaporating Black Hole”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73
1994
Earlier work this paper cites.
Jorge G. Russo, “On Black Hole Singularities in Quantum Gravity”, Phys. Lett. B 10
1994
Earlier work this paper cites.
Steven Giddings, “Why Aren’t Black Holes Infinitely Produced?”, Phys. Rev. D 51
1995
Earlier work this paper cites.
Roger Penrose, “The Question of Cosmic Censorship”, Jour. of Astrophys. Astronomy 20
1999
Earlier work this paper cites.
Daisuke Ida, “No Black Hole Theorem in Three-Dimensional Gravity”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85
2000
Earlier work this paper cites.
Ronald J. Adler, Pisin Chen, David I. Santiago, “The Generalized Uncertainty Principle and Black Hole Remnants”, Gen. Rel. Grav. 33
2001
Earlier work this paper cites.
Damien A. Easson, Robert H. Brandenberger, “Universe Generation from Black Hole Interiors”, JHEP 06
2001
Earlier work this paper cites.
Arun Mathew, Malay Kumar Nandy, “Existence of Chandrasekhar’s Limit in GUP White Dwarfs”, R. Soc. Open Sci. 8
Original
2002
Earlier work this paper cites.
Andrei Barvinsky, Saurya Das, Gabor Kunstatter, “Discrete Spectra of Charged Black Holes”, Found. Phys. 32
2002
Earlier work this paper cites.
Damien A. Easson, “Hawking Radiation of Nonsingular Black Holes in Two Dimensions”, JHEP 02
2003
Earlier work this paper cites.
Pisin Chen, Ronald J. Adler, “Black Hole Remnants and Dark Matter”, Nucl. Phys. Proc. Suppl. 124
2003
Earlier work this paper cites.
João Magueijo, Lee Smolin, “Gravity’s Rainbow”, Class. Quant. Grav. 21
2004
Earlier work this paper cites.
Donald Marolf, Djordje Minic, Simon Ross, “Notes on Spacetime Thermodynamics and the Observer-dependence of Entropy”, Phys. Rev. D 69
2004
Earlier work this paper cites.
Yen Chin Ong, “Schwinger Pair Production and the Extended Uncertainty Principle: Can Heuristic Derivations Be Trusted?”, Eur. Phys. J. C 80
Original
2005
Earlier work this paper cites.
Ted Jacobson, Donald Marolf, Carlo Rovelli, “Black Hole Entropy: Inside or Out?”, Int. J. Theor. Phys. 44
2005
Earlier work this paper cites.
Mariam Bouhmadi-López, Che-Yu Chen, Xiao Yan Chew, Yen Chin Ong, Dong-han Yeom, “Regular Black Hole Interior Spacetime Supported by Three-Form Field”, Eur. Phys. J. C 81
Original
2005
Earlier work this paper cites.
Yen Chin Ong, “Spacetime Singularities and Cosmic Censorship Conjecture: A Review with Some Thoughts”, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 35
Original
2005
Earlier work this paper cites.
Pisin Chen, “Inflation Induced Planck-Size Black Hole Remnants As Dark Matter”, New Astron. Rev. 49
2005
Earlier work this paper cites.
Ahmed Almheiri, Thomas Hartman, Juan Maldacena, Edgar Shaghoulian, Amirhossein Tajdini, “The Entropy of Hawking Radiation”, Rev. Mod. Phys. 93
Original
2006
Earlier work this paper cites.
Piero Nicolini, Anais Smailagic, Euro Spallucci, “Noncommutative Geometry Inspired Schwarzschild Black Hole”, Phys. Lett. B 632
2006
Earlier work this paper cites.
Patrick Hayden, John Preskill, “Black Holes as Mirrors: Quantum Information in Random Subsystems”, JHEP 09
Original
2007
Earlier work this paper cites.
Rosa Doran, Francisco S. N. Lobo, Paulo Crawford, “Interior of a Schwarzschild Black Hole Revisited”, Found. Phys. 38
2008
Earlier work this paper cites.
Ari Peltola, Gabor Kunstatter, “Effective Polymer Dynamics of D D -Dimensional Black Hole Interiors”, Phys. Rev. D 80
Original
2009
Earlier work this paper cites.
Fabio D’Ambrosio, Marios Christodoulou, Pierre Martin-Dussaud, Carlo Rovelli, Farshid Soltani, “The End of a Black Hole’s Evaporation – Part I”, Phys. Rev. D 103
Original
2009
Earlier work this paper cites.
Iarley P. Lobo, G. B. Santos, “Thermal Dimensional Reduction and Black Hole Evaporation”, Phys. Lett. B 817
Original
2009
Earlier work this paper cites.
Sabine Hossenfelder, Lee Smolin, “Conservative Solutions to the Black Hole Information Problem”, Phys. Rev. D 81
Original
2010
Earlier work this paper cites.

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2024

The Case For Black Hole Remnants: A Review

Ong, Yen Chin

Understand

It has been almost 40 years since the proposal of the idea that Hawking radiation of black holes does not lead to a complete evaporation but rather a "remnant" state.

Though traditionally viewed with great criticisms especially from the high energy physics community, in recent years, various approaches have demonstrated that black hole remnants remain a viable possibility.
In this review, which is primarily aimed as an introduction to the subject, we will discuss some possible routes to forming remnants and their respective properties and challenges.

Built on

Pierre Martin-Dussaud, Carlo Rovelli, “Evaporating Black-to-White Hole”, Class. Quant. Grav. 36
Original
1905
Earlier work this paper cites.
De-Chang Dai, “State of a Particle Pair Produced by the Schwinger Effect Is Not Necessarily a Maximally Entangled Bell State”, Phys. Rev. D 100
Original
1908
Earlier work this paper cites.
Run-Qiu Yang, “Upper Bound About Cross-Sections Inside Black Holes and Complexity Growth Rate”, Phys. Rev. D 102
Original
1911
Earlier work this paper cites.
V. A. Ruban, “Spherically Symmetric T-Models in the General Theory of Relativity”, Gen. Rel. Grav 33
1969
Earlier work this paper cites.
Robert W. Brehme , “Inside the Black Hole”, Am. J. Phys. 45
1977
Earlier work this paper cites.
Jacob D. Bekenstein, “Universal Upper Bound on the Entropy-To-Energy Ratio for Bounded Systems”, Phys. Rev. D 23
1981
Earlier work this paper cites.
William A. Hiscock, “Models of Evaporating Black Holes. I”, Phys. Rev. D 23
1981
Earlier work this paper cites.
Yakir Aharonov, Aharon Casher, and Shmuel Nussinov, “The Unitarity Puzzle and Planck Mass Stable Particles”, Phys. Lett. B 191
1987
Earlier work this paper cites.
J. H. MacGibbon, “Can Planck-Mass Relics of Evaporating Black Holes Close the Universe?”, Nature 329
1987
Earlier work this paper cites.
Don N. Page, “Average Entropy of a Subsystem”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71
1993
Earlier work this paper cites.
Don N. Page, “Information in Black Hole Radiation”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71
1993
Earlier work this paper cites.
Steven Giddings, “Comments on Information Loss and Remnants”, Phys. Rev. D 49
1994
Earlier work this paper cites.
Renaud Parentani, Tsvi Piran, “The Internal Geometry of an Evaporating Black Hole”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73
1994
Earlier work this paper cites.
Jorge G. Russo, “On Black Hole Singularities in Quantum Gravity”, Phys. Lett. B 10
1994
Earlier work this paper cites.
Steven Giddings, “Why Aren’t Black Holes Infinitely Produced?”, Phys. Rev. D 51
1995
Earlier work this paper cites.
Roger Penrose, “The Question of Cosmic Censorship”, Jour. of Astrophys. Astronomy 20
1999
Earlier work this paper cites.
Daisuke Ida, “No Black Hole Theorem in Three-Dimensional Gravity”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85
2000
Earlier work this paper cites.
Ronald J. Adler, Pisin Chen, David I. Santiago, “The Generalized Uncertainty Principle and Black Hole Remnants”, Gen. Rel. Grav. 33
2001
Earlier work this paper cites.
Damien A. Easson, Robert H. Brandenberger, “Universe Generation from Black Hole Interiors”, JHEP 06
2001
Earlier work this paper cites.
Arun Mathew, Malay Kumar Nandy, “Existence of Chandrasekhar’s Limit in GUP White Dwarfs”, R. Soc. Open Sci. 8
Original
2002
Earlier work this paper cites.
Andrei Barvinsky, Saurya Das, Gabor Kunstatter, “Discrete Spectra of Charged Black Holes”, Found. Phys. 32
2002
Earlier work this paper cites.
Damien A. Easson, “Hawking Radiation of Nonsingular Black Holes in Two Dimensions”, JHEP 02
2003
Earlier work this paper cites.
Pisin Chen, Ronald J. Adler, “Black Hole Remnants and Dark Matter”, Nucl. Phys. Proc. Suppl. 124
2003
Earlier work this paper cites.
João Magueijo, Lee Smolin, “Gravity’s Rainbow”, Class. Quant. Grav. 21
2004
Earlier work this paper cites.
Donald Marolf, Djordje Minic, Simon Ross, “Notes on Spacetime Thermodynamics and the Observer-dependence of Entropy”, Phys. Rev. D 69
2004
Earlier work this paper cites.
Yen Chin Ong, “Schwinger Pair Production and the Extended Uncertainty Principle: Can Heuristic Derivations Be Trusted?”, Eur. Phys. J. C 80
Original
2005
Earlier work this paper cites.
Ted Jacobson, Donald Marolf, Carlo Rovelli, “Black Hole Entropy: Inside or Out?”, Int. J. Theor. Phys. 44
2005
Earlier work this paper cites.
Mariam Bouhmadi-López, Che-Yu Chen, Xiao Yan Chew, Yen Chin Ong, Dong-han Yeom, “Regular Black Hole Interior Spacetime Supported by Three-Form Field”, Eur. Phys. J. C 81
Original
2005
Earlier work this paper cites.
Yen Chin Ong, “Spacetime Singularities and Cosmic Censorship Conjecture: A Review with Some Thoughts”, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 35
Original
2005
Earlier work this paper cites.
Pisin Chen, “Inflation Induced Planck-Size Black Hole Remnants As Dark Matter”, New Astron. Rev. 49
2005
Earlier work this paper cites.
Ahmed Almheiri, Thomas Hartman, Juan Maldacena, Edgar Shaghoulian, Amirhossein Tajdini, “The Entropy of Hawking Radiation”, Rev. Mod. Phys. 93
Original
2006
Earlier work this paper cites.
Piero Nicolini, Anais Smailagic, Euro Spallucci, “Noncommutative Geometry Inspired Schwarzschild Black Hole”, Phys. Lett. B 632
2006
Earlier work this paper cites.
Patrick Hayden, John Preskill, “Black Holes as Mirrors: Quantum Information in Random Subsystems”, JHEP 09
Original
2007
Earlier work this paper cites.
Rosa Doran, Francisco S. N. Lobo, Paulo Crawford, “Interior of a Schwarzschild Black Hole Revisited”, Found. Phys. 38
2008
Earlier work this paper cites.
Ari Peltola, Gabor Kunstatter, “Effective Polymer Dynamics of D D -Dimensional Black Hole Interiors”, Phys. Rev. D 80
Original
2009
Earlier work this paper cites.
Fabio D’Ambrosio, Marios Christodoulou, Pierre Martin-Dussaud, Carlo Rovelli, Farshid Soltani, “The End of a Black Hole’s Evaporation – Part I”, Phys. Rev. D 103
Original
2009
Earlier work this paper cites.
Iarley P. Lobo, G. B. Santos, “Thermal Dimensional Reduction and Black Hole Evaporation”, Phys. Lett. B 817
Original
2009
Earlier work this paper cites.
Sabine Hossenfelder, Lee Smolin, “Conservative Solutions to the Black Hole Information Problem”, Phys. Rev. D 81
Original
2010
Earlier work this paper cites.