Fetching the paper…
Reading the bibliography…
We propose two simple, principled and practical algorithms that enjoy provable scaling laws for the test-time compute of large language models (LLMs).
Rank analysis of incomplete block designs: I. the method of paired comparisons
Ralph Allan Bradley and Milton E. Terry · 1952
Earlier work this paper cites.
Active learning for top- k k rank aggregation from noisy comparisons
Soheil Mohajer, Changho Suh, and Adel Elmahdy · 2017
Earlier work this paper cites.
High-Dimensional Probability: An Introduction with Applications in Data Science
Roman Vershynin · 2018
Earlier work this paper cites.
Training verifiers to solve math word problems
Karl Cobbe, Vineet Kosaraju, Mohammad Bavarian, Mark Chen, Heewoo Jun, Lukasz Kaiser, Matthias Plappert, Jerry Tworek, Jacob Hilton, Reiichiro Nakano, Christopher Hesse, and John Schulman · 2021
Earlier work this paper cites.
Language models (mostly) know what they know
Saurav Kadavath, Tom Conerly, Amanda Askell, Tom Henighan, Dawn Drain, Ethan Perez, Nicholas Schiefer, Zac Hatfield-Dodds, Nova DasSarma, Eli Tran-Johnson, Scott Johnston, Sheer El-Showk, Andy Jones, Nelson Elhage, Tristan Hume, Anna Chen, Yuntao Bai, Sam Bowman, Stanislav Fort, Deep Ganguli, Danny Hernandez, Josh Jacobson, Jackson Kernion, Shauna Kravec, Liane Lovitt, Kamal Ndousse, Catherine Olsson, Sam Ringer, Dario Amodei, Tom Brown, Jack Clark, Nicholas Joseph, Ben Mann, Sam McCandlish, Chris Olah, and Jared Kaplan · 2022
Earlier work this paper cites.
Large language models are zero-shot reasoners
Takeshi Kojima, Shixiang (Shane) Gu, Machel Reid, Yutaka Matsuo, and Yusuke Iwasawa · 2022
Earlier work this paper cites.
Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback
Long Ouyang, Jeff Wu, Xu Jiang, Diogo Almeida, Carroll L. Wainwright, Pamela Mishkin, Chong Zhang, Sandhini Agarwal, Katarina Slama, Alex Ray, John Schulman, Jacob Hilton, Fraser Kelton, Luke E. Miller, Maddie Simens, Amanda Askell, Peter Welinder, Paul Francis Christiano, Jan Leike, and Ryan J. Lowe · 2022
Earlier work this paper cites.
Chain of thought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models
Jason Wei, Xuezhi Wang, Dale Schuurmans, Maarten Bosma, Ed Huai hsin Chi, F. Xia, Quoc Le, and Denny Zhou · 2022
Earlier work this paper cites.
Llm-blender: Ensembling large language models with pairwise ranking and generative fusion
Dongfu Jiang, Xiang Ren, and Bill Yuchen Lin · 2023
Earlier work this paper cites.
Self-refine: Iterative refinement with self-feedback
Aman Madaan, Niket Tandon, Prakhar Gupta, Skyler Hallinan, Luyu Gao, Sarah Wiegreffe, Uri Alon, Nouha Dziri, Shrimai Prabhumoye, Yiming Yang, Shashank Gupta, Bodhisattwa Prasad Majumder, Katherine Hermann, Sean Welleck, Amir Yazdanbakhsh, and Peter Clark · 2023
Earlier work this paper cites.
Direct preference optimization: Your language model is secretly a reward model
Rafael Rafailov, Archit Sharma, Eric Mitchell, Christopher D Manning, Stefano Ermon, and Chelsea Finn · 2023
Earlier work this paper cites.
Self-consistency improves chain of thought reasoning in language models
Xuezhi Wang, Jason Wei, Dale Schuurmans, Quoc V Le, Ed H. Chi, Sharan Narang, Aakanksha Chowdhery, and Denny Zhou · 2023
Earlier work this paper cites.
The rise and potential of large language model based agents: A survey
Zhiheng Xi, Wenxiang Chen, Xin Guo, Wei He, Yiwen Ding, Boyang Hong, Ming Zhang, Junzhe Wang, Senjie Jin, Enyu Zhou, Rui Zheng, Xiaoran Fan, Xiao Wang, Limao Xiong, Yuhao Zhou, Weiran Wang, Changhao Jiang, Yicheng Zou, Xiangyang Liu, Zhangyue Yin, Shihan Dou, Rongxiang Weng, Wensen Cheng, Qi Zhang, Wenjuan Qin, Yongyan Zheng, Xipeng Qiu, Xuanjing Huang, and Tao Gui · 2023
Earlier work this paper cites.
Exchange-of-thought: Enhancing large language model capabilities through cross-model communication
Zhangyue Yin, Qiushi Sun, Cheng Chang, Qipeng Guo, Junqi Dai, Xuanjing Huang, and Xipeng Qiu · 2023
Earlier work this paper cites.
Slic-hf: Sequence likelihood calibration with human feedback
Yao Zhao, Rishabh Joshi, Tianqi Liu, Misha Khalman, Mohammad Saleh, and Peter J. Liu · 2023
Earlier work this paper cites.
Judging LLM-as-a-judge with MT-bench and chatbot arena
Lianmin Zheng, Wei-Lin Chiang, Ying Sheng, Siyuan Zhuang, Zhanghao Wu, Yonghao Zhuang, Zi Lin, Zhuohan Li, Dacheng Li, Eric Xing, Hao Zhang, Joseph E. Gonzalez, and Ion Stoica · 2023
Earlier work this paper cites.
Large language monkeys: Scaling inference compute with repeated sampling
Bradley Brown, Jordan Juravsky, Ryan Ehrlich, Ronald Clark, Quoc V. Le, Christopher Ré, and Azalia Mirhoseini · 2024
Earlier work this paper cites.
Are more llm calls all you need? towards the scaling properties of compound ai systems
Lingjiao Chen, Jared Quincy Davis, Boris Hanin, Peter Bailis, Ion Stoica, Matei Zaharia, and James Zou · 2024
Earlier work this paper cites.
Networks of networks: Complexity class principles applied to compound ai systems design
Jared Quincy Davis, Boris Hanin, Lingjiao Chen, Peter Bailis, Ion Stoica, and Matei Zaharia · 2024
Earlier work this paper cites.
Improving factuality and reasoning in language models through multiagent debate
Yilun Du, Shuang Li, Antonio Torralba, Joshua B. Tenenbaum, and Igor Mordatch · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Agentscope: A flexible yet robust multi-agent platform
Dawei Gao, Zitao Li, Xuchen Pan, Weirui Kuang, Zhijian Ma, Bingchen Qian, Fei Wei, Wenhao Zhang, Yuexiang Xie, Daoyuan Chen, Liuyi Yao, Hongyi Peng, Zeyu Zhang, Lin Zhu, Chen Cheng, Hongzhu Shi, Yaliang Li, Bolin Ding, and Jingren Zhou · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
https://openai.com/index/hello-gpt-4o/ , 2024
Hello gpt-4o · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Large language models cannot self-correct reasoning yet
Jie Huang, Xinyun Chen, Swaroop Mishra, Huaixiu Steven Zheng, Adams Wei Yu, Xinying Song, and Denny Zhou · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Position: Llms can’t plan, but can help planning in llm-modulo frameworks
Subbarao Kambhampati, Karthik Valmeekam, Lin Guan, Mudit Verma, Kaya Stechly, Siddhant Bhambri, Lucas Paul Saldyt, and Anil B Murthy · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Large language models are not fair evaluators
Peiyi Wang, Lei Li, Liang Chen, Zefan Cai, Dawei Zhu, Binghuai Lin, Yunbo Cao, Lingpeng Kong, Qi Liu, Tianyu Liu, and Zhifang Sui · 2024
Closest in time.
Mmlu-pro: A more robust and challenging multi-task language understanding benchmark
Yubo Wang, Xueguang Ma, Ge Zhang, Yuansheng Ni, Abhranil Chandra, Shiguang Guo, Weiming Ren, Aaran Arulraj, Xuan He, Ziyan Jiang, et al · 2024
Closest in time.
From decoding to meta-generation: Inference-time algorithms for large language models
Sean Welleck, Amanda Bertsch, Matthew Finlayson, Hailey Schoelkopf, Alex Xie, Graham Neubig, Ilia Kulikov, and Zaid Harchaoui · 2024
Closest in time.
Anytime algorithm
Wikipedia · 2024
Closest in time.
Round-robin tournament
Wikipedia · 2024
Closest in time.
An empirical analysis of compute-optimal inference for problem-solving with language models
Yangzhen Wu, Zhiqing Sun, Shanda Li, Sean Welleck, and Yiming Yang · 2024
alphaXiv searches the wider corpus for related work and actual follow-ups.
alphaXiv is searching for related work…
Sayash Kapoor, Benedikt Stroebl, Zachary S. Siegel, Nitya Nadgir, and Arvind Narayanan · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Rationale-aware answer verification by pairwise self-evaluation
Akira Kawabata and Saku Sugawara · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Aligning large language models by on-policy self-judgment
Sangkyu Lee, Sungdong Kim, Ashkan Yousefpour, Minjoon Seo, Kang Min Yoo, and Youngjae Yu · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
From generation to judgment: Opportunities and challenges of llm-as-a-judge
Dawei Li, Bohan Jiang, Liangjie Huang, Alimohammad Beigi, Chengshuai Zhao, Zhen Tan, Amrita Bhattacharjee, Yuxuan Jiang, Canyu Chen, Tianhao Wu, Kai Shu, Lu Cheng, and Huan Liu · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
More agents is all you need
Junyou Li, Qin Zhang, Yangbin Yu, Qiang Fu, and Deheng Ye · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Let’s verify step by step
Hunter Lightman, Vineet Kosaraju, Yuri Burda, Harrison Edwards, Bowen Baker, Teddy Lee, Jan Leike, John Schulman, Ilya Sutskever, and Karl Cobbe · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Statistical rejection sampling improves preference optimization
Tianqi Liu, Yao Zhao, Rishabh Joshi, Misha Khalman, Mohammad Saleh, Peter J Liu, and Jialu Liu · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Closest in time.
Qwen2.5 technical report
An Yang, Baosong Yang, Beichen Zhang, Binyuan Hui, Bo Zheng, Bowen Yu, Chengyuan Li, Dayiheng Liu, Fei Huang, Haoran Wei, Huan Lin, Jian Yang, Jianhong Tu, Jianwei Zhang, Jianxin Yang, Jiaxi Yang, Jingren Zhou, Junyang Lin, Kai Dang, Keming Lu, Keqin Bao, Kexin Yang, Le Yu, Mei Li, Mingfeng Xue, Pei Zhang, Qin Zhu, Rui Men, Runji Lin, Tianhao Li, Tingyu Xia, Xingzhang Ren, Xuancheng Ren, Yang Fan, Yang Su, Yichang Zhang, Yu Wan, Yuqiong Liu, Zeyu Cui, Zhenru Zhang, and Zihan Qiu · 2024
Closest in time.
Aggregation of reasoning: A hierarchical framework for enhancing answer selection in large language models
Zhangyue Yin, Qiushi Sun, Qipeng Guo, Zhiyuan Zeng, Xiaonan Li, Tianxiang Sun, Cheng Chang, Qinyuan Cheng, Ding Wang, Xiaofeng Mou, Xipeng Qiu, and Xuanjing Huang · 2024
Closest in time.
The shift from models to compound ai systems
Matei Zaharia, Omar Khattab, Lingjiao Chen, Jared Quincy Davis, Heather Miller, Chris Potts, James Zou, Michael Carbin, Jonathan Frankle, Naveen Rao, and Ali Ghodsi · 2024
Closest in time.
Scaling of search and learning: A roadmap to reproduce o1 from reinforcement learning perspective
Zhiyuan Zeng, Qinyuan Cheng, Zhangyue Yin, Bo Wang, Shimin Li, Yunhua Zhou, Qipeng Guo, Xuanjing Huang, and Xipeng Qiu · 2024
Closest in time.
Scaling llm inference with optimized sample compute allocation
Kexun Zhang, Shang Zhou, Danqing Wang, William Yang Wang, and Lei Li · 2024
Closest in time.
Generative verifiers: Reward modeling as next-token prediction
Lunjun Zhang, Arian Hosseini, Hritik Bansal, Mehran Kazemi, Aviral Kumar, and Rishabh Agarwal · 2024
Closest in time.
Designing algorithms empowered by language models: An analytical framework, case studies, and insights
Yanxi Chen, Yaliang Li, Bolin Ding, and Jingren Zhou · 2025
Closest in time.
Deepseek-r1: Incentivizing reasoning capability in llms via reinforcement learning
DeepSeek-AI · 2025
Closest in time.
Test-time computing: from system-1 thinking to system-2 thinking
Yixin Ji, Juntao Li, Hai Ye, Kaixin Wu, Jia Xu, Linjian Mo, and Min Zhang · 2025
Closest in time.
s1: Simple test-time scaling
Niklas Muennighoff, Zitong Yang, Weijia Shi, Xiang Lisa Li, Li Fei-Fei, Hannaneh Hajishirzi, Luke Zettlemoyer, Percy Liang, Emmanuel Candès, and Tatsunori Hashimoto · 2025
Closest in time.
https://qwenlm.github.io/blog/qwq-32b/ , 2025
Qwq-32b: Embracing the power of reinforcement learning · 2025
Closest in time.
How do large language monkeys get their power (laws)?
Rylan Schaeffer, Joshua Kazdan, John Hughes, Jordan Juravsky, Sara Price, Aengus Lynch, Erik Jones, Robert Kirk, Azalia Mirhoseini, and Sanmi Koyejo · 2025
Closest in time.