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2024

Thermo-Coupled Early Dark Energy

Kamionkowski, Marc, Mathur, Anubhav

Understand

Early dark energy solutions to the Hubble tension introduce an additional scalar field which is frozen at early times but becomes dynamical around matter-radiation equality.

In order to alleviate the tension, the scalar's share of the total energy density must rapidly shrink from $\sim 10\%$ at the onset of matter domination to $\ll 1\%$ by recombination.
This typically requires a steep potential that is imposed $\textit{ad hoc}$ rather than emerging from a concrete particle physics model.
Here, we point out an alternative possibility: a homogeneous scalar field coupled quadratically to a cosmological background of light thermal relics (such as the Standard Model neutrino) will acquire an effective potential which can reproduce the dynamics necessary to alleviate the tension.