Revisiting holographic dark energy after DESI 2024

Understand

New insights from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) 2024 baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) data, in conjunction with cosmic microwave background (CMB) and Type Ia supernova (SN) data, suggest that dark energy may not be a cosmological constant.

• In this work, we investigate the cosmological implications of holographic dark energy (HDE) and interacting holographic dark energy (IHDE) models, utilizing CMB, DESI BAO, and SN data.
• By considering the combined DESI BAO and SN data, we determine that in the IHDE model, the parameter $c > 1$ and the dark-energy equation of state $w$ does not cross $-1$ at the $1\sigma$ confidence level, whereas in the HDE model, it marginally falls below this threshold.
• Upon incorporating CMB data, we observe that in the HDE model, the parameter $c < 1$ and $w$ crosses $-1$ at a level beyond $10\sigma$.