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Generating long sequences of tokens given a long-context input is a very compute-intensive inference scenario for large language models (LLMs).
Generating long sequences with sparse transformers
Rewon Child, Scott Gray, Alec Radford, and Ilya Sutskever. 2019 · 1904
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Longformer: The long-document transformer
Iz Beltagy, Matthew E. Peters, and Arman Cohan. 2020 · 2004
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Big bird: Transformers for longer sequences
Manzil Zaheer, Guru Guruganesh, Kumar Avinava Dubey, Joshua Ainslie, Chris Alberti, Santiago Ontañón, Philip Pham, Anirudh Ravula, Qifan Wang, Li Yang, and Amr Ahmed. 2020 · 2007
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8-bit optimizers via block-wise quantization
Tim Dettmers, Mike Lewis, Sam Shleifer, and Luke Zettlemoyer. 2021 · 2021
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Efficient attentions for long document summarization
Luyang Huang, Shuyang Cao, Nikolaus Parulian, Heng Ji, and Lu Wang. 2021 · 2021
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QMSum: A new benchmark for query-based multi-domain meeting summarization
Ming Zhong, Da Yin, Tao Yu, Ahmad Zaidi, Mutethia Mutuma, Rahul Jha, Ahmed Hassan Awadallah, Asli Celikyilmaz, Yang Liu, Xipeng Qiu, and Dragomir Radev. 2021 · 2021
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Smoothquant: Accurate and efficient post-training quantization for large language models
Guangxuan Xiao, Ji Lin, Mickael Seznec, Julien Demouth, and Song Han. 2022 · 2022
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Gqa: Training generalized multi-query transformer models from multi-head checkpoints
Joshua Ainslie, James Lee-Thorp, Michiel de Jong, Yury Zemlyanskiy, Federico Lebr’on, and Sumit K. Sanghai. 2023 · 2023
Earlier work this paper cites.
L-eval: Instituting standardized evaluation for long context language models
Chenxin An, Shansan Gong, Ming Zhong, Xingjian Zhao, Mukai Li, Jun Zhang, Lingpeng Kong, and Xipeng Qiu. 2023 · 2023
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Longbench: A bilingual, multitask benchmark for long context understanding
Yushi Bai, Xin Lv, Jiajie Zhang, Hongchang Lyu, Jiankai Tang, Zhidian Huang, Zhengxiao Du, Xiao Liu, Aohan Zeng, Lei Hou, Yuxiao Dong, Jie Tang, and Juanzi Li. 2023 · 2023
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Unlimiformer: Long-range transformers with unlimited length input
Amanda Bertsch, Uri Alon, Graham Neubig, and Matthew Gormley. 2023 · 2023
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Needle in a haystack - pressure testing llms, commercially usable llms
Gregory Kamradt. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Introducing mpt-7b: A new standard for open-source, commercially usable llms
NLP Team MosaicML. 2023 · 2023
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Redpajama: an open dataset for training large language models
Together. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Efficient streaming language models with attention sinks
Guangxuan Xiao, Yuandong Tian, Beidi Chen, Song Han, and Mike Lewis. 2023 · 2023
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Pytorch fsdp: Experiences on scaling fully sharded data parallel
Yanli Zhao, Andrew Gu, Rohan Varma, Liangchen Luo, Chien chin Huang, Min Xu, Less Wright, Hamid Shojanazeri, Myle Ott, Sam Shleifer, Alban Desmaison, Can Balioglu, Bernard Nguyen, Geeta Chauhan, Yuchen Hao, and Shen Li. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Kvquant: Towards 10 million context length llm inference with kv cache quantization
Coleman Hooper, Sehoon Kim, Hiva Mohammadzadeh, Michael W Mahoney, Yakun Sophia Shao, Kurt Keutzer, and Amir Gholami. 2024 · 2024
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Ruler: What’s the real context size of your long-context language models?
Cheng-Ping Hsieh, Simeng Sun, Samuel Kriman, Shantanu Acharya, Dima Rekesh, Fei Jia, Yang Zhang, and Boris Ginsburg. 2024 · 2024
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Minference 1.0: Accelerating pre-filling for long-context llms via dynamic sparse attention
Huiqiang Jiang, Yucheng Li, Chengruidong Zhang, Qianhui Wu, Xufang Luo, Surin Ahn, Zhenhua Han, Amir H Abdi, Dongsheng Li, Chin-Yew Lin, Yuqing Yang, and Lili Qiu. 2024 · 2024
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One thousand and one pairs: A "novel" challenge for long-context language models
Marzena Karpinska, Katherine Thai, Kyle Lo, Tanya Goyal, and Mohit Iyyer. 2024 · 2024
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Keyformer: Kv cache reduction through key tokens selection for efficient generative inference
Muhammad Adnan, Akhil Arunkumar, Gaurav Jain, Prashant Nair, Ilya Soloveychik, and Purushotham Kamath. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Pyramidkv: Dynamic kv cache compression based on pyramidal information funneling
Zefan Cai, Yichi Zhang, Bofei Gao, Yuliang Liu, Tianyu Liu, Keming Lu, Wayne Xiong, Yue Dong, Baobao Chang, Junjie Hu, et al. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
NACL: A general and effective KV cache eviction framework for LLM at inference time
Yilong Chen, Guoxia Wang, Junyuan Shang, Shiyao Cui, Zhenyu Zhang, Tingwen Liu, Shuohuan Wang, Yu Sun, Dianhai Yu, and Hua Wu. 2024 · 2024
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FlashAttention-2: Faster attention with better parallelism and work partitioning
Tri Dao. 2024 · 2024
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Model tells you what to discard: Adaptive KV cache compression for LLMs
Suyu Ge, Yunan Zhang, Liyuan Liu, Minjia Zhang, Jiawei Han, and Jianfeng Gao. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Google. gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of context
Gemini. 2024 · 2024
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Infllm: Unveiling the intrinsic capacity of llms for understanding extremely long sequences with training-free memory
Chaojun Xiao, Pengle Zhang, Xu Han, Guangxuan Xiao, Yankai Lin, Zhengyan Zhang, Zhiyuan Liu, Song Han, and Maosong Sun. 2024a
Cited in the paper.
SnapKV: LLM knows what you are looking for before generation
Yuhong Li, Yingbing Huang, Bowen Yang, Bharat Venkitesh, Acyr Locatelli, Hanchen Ye, Tianle Cai, Patrick Lewis, and Deming Chen. 2024 · 2024
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Kivi: A tuning-free asymmetric 2bit quantization for kv cache
Zirui Liu, Jiayi Yuan, Hongye Jin, Shaochen Zhong, Zhaozhuo Xu, Vladimir Braverman, Beidi Chen, and Xia Hu. 2024 · 2024
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Meta. 2024 · 2024
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SparQ attention: Bandwidth-efficient LLM inference
Luka Ribar, Ivan Chelombiev, Luke Hudlass-Galley, Charlie Blake, Carlo Luschi, and Douglas Orr. 2024 · 2024
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Quest: Query-aware sparsity for efficient long-context llm inference
Jiaming Tang, Yilong Zhao, Kan Zhu, Guangxuan Xiao, Baris Kasikci, and Song Han. 2024 · 2024
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PyramidInfer: Pyramid KV cache compression for high-throughput LLM inference
Dongjie Yang, Xiaodong Han, Yan Gao, Yao Hu, Shilin Zhang, and Hai Zhao. 2024b · 2024
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Longproc: Benchmarking long-context language models on long procedural generation
Xi Ye, Fangcong Yin, Yinghui He, Joie Zhang, Yen Howard, Tianyu Gao, Greg Durrett, and Danqi Chen. 2025 · 2025
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