Dark energy reconstructions combining BAO data with galaxy clusters and intermediate redshift catalogs

Understand

Cosmological parameters and dark energy (DE) behavior are generally constrained assuming \textit{a priori} models.

• We work out a model-independent reconstruction to bound the key cosmological quantities and the DE evolution.
• Through the model-independent \textit{B\'ezier interpolation} method, we reconstruct the Hubble rate from the observational Hubble data and derive analytic expressions for the distances of galaxy clusters, type Ia supernovae, and uncorrelated baryonic acoustic oscillation (BAO) data.
• In view of the discrepancy between Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) BAO data, they are kept separate in two distinct analyses.