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Rapid advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have spurred demand for processing extended context sequences in contemporary applications.
Megatron-lm: Training multi-billion parameter language models using model parallelism
Mohammad Shoeybi, Mostofa Patwary, Raul Puri, Patrick LeGresley, Jared Casper, and Bryan Catanzaro. 2020 · 1909
Earlier work this paper cites.
Neural tangent kernel: Convergence and generalization in neural networks
Arthur Jacot, Franck Gabriel, and Clément Hongler. 2018 · 2018
Earlier work this paper cites.
Transformer-XL: Language modeling with longer-term dependency
Zihang Dai*, Zhilin Yang*, Yiming Yang, William W. Cohen, Jaime Carbonell, Quoc V. Le, and Ruslan Salakhutdinov. 2019 · 2019
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Pytorch: An imperative style, high-performance deep learning library
Adam Paszke, Sam Gross, Francisco Massa, Adam Lerer, James Bradbury, Gregory Chanan, Trevor Killeen, Zeming Lin, Natalia Gimelshein, Luca Antiga, Alban Desmaison, Andreas Kopf, Edward Yang, Zachary DeVito, Martin Raison, Alykhan Tejani, Sasank Chilamkurthy, Benoit Steiner, Lu Fang, and 2 others. 2019 · 2019
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Triton: an intermediate language and compiler for tiled neural network computations
Philippe Tillet, H. T. Kung, and David Cox. 2019 · 2019
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Multi-passage bert: A globally normalized bert model for open-domain question answering
Zhiguo Wang, Patrick Ng, Xiaofei Ma, Ramesh Nallapati, and Bing Xiang. 2019 · 2019
Earlier work this paper cites.
Compressive transformers for long-range sequence modelling
Jack W. Rae, Anna Potapenko, Siddhant M. Jayakumar, Chloe Hillier, and Timothy P. Lillicrap. 2020 · 2020
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Big bird: Transformers for longer sequences
Manzil Zaheer, Guru Guruganesh, Kumar Avinava Dubey, Joshua Ainslie, Chris Alberti, Santiago Ontanon, Philip Pham, Anirudh Ravula, Qifan Wang, Li Yang, and Amr Ahmed. 2020 · 2020
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Recurrent memory transformer
Aydar Bulatov, Yury Kuratov, and Mikhail Burtsev. 2022 · 2022
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Ntk-aware scaled rope allows llama models to have extended (8k+) context size without any fine-tuning and minimal perplexity degradation
bloc97. 2023 · 2023
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Extending context window of large language models via positional interpolation
Shouyuan Chen, Sherman Wong, Liangjian Chen, and Yuandong Tian. 2023 · 2023
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Dynamically scaled rope further increases performance of long context llama with zero fine-tuning
emozilla. 2023 · 2023
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Albert Q. Jiang, Alexandre Sablayrolles, Arthur Mensch, Chris Bamford, Devendra Singh Chaplot, Diego de las Casas, Florian Bressand, Gianna Lengyel, Guillaume Lample, Lucile Saulnier, Lélio Renard Lavaud, Marie-Anne Lachaux, Pierre Stock, Teven Le Scao, Thibaut Lavril, Thomas Wang, Timothée Lacroix, and William El Sayed. 2023 · 2023
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Efficient memory management for large language model serving with pagedattention
Woosuk Kwon, Zhuohan Li, Siyuan Zhuang, Ying Sheng, Lianmin Zheng, Cody Hao Yu, Joseph Gonzalez, Hao Zhang, and Ion Stoica. 2023 · 2023
Earlier work this paper cites.
Giraffe: Adventures in expanding context lengths in llms
Arka Pal, Deep Karkhanis, Manley Roberts, Samuel Dooley, Arvind Sundararajan, and Siddartha Naidu. 2023 · 2023
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Llama 2: Open foundation and fine-tuned chat models
Hugo Touvron, Louis Martin, Kevin Stone, Peter Albert, and 1 others. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Length extrapolation of transformers: A survey from the perspective of positional encoding
Liang Zhao, Xiachong Feng, Xiaocheng Feng, Weihong Zhong, Dongliang Xu, Qing Yang, Hongtao Liu, Bing Qin, and Ting Liu. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Yi: Open foundation models by 01.ai
01. AI, :, Alex Young, Bei Chen, Chao Li, Chengen Huang, Ge Zhang, Guanwei Zhang, Heng Li, Jiangcheng Zhu, Jianqun Chen, Jing Chang, Kaidong Yu, Peng Liu, Qiang Liu, Shawn Yue, Senbin Yang, Shiming Yang, Tao Yu, and 13 others. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
LongBench: A bilingual, multitask benchmark for long context understanding
Yushi Bai, Xin Lv, Jiajie Zhang, Hongchang Lyu, Jiankai Tang, Zhidian Huang, Zhengxiao Du, Xiao Liu, Aohan Zeng, Lei Hou, Yuxiao Dong, Jie Tang, and Juanzi Li. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Snapkv: Llm knows what you are looking for before generation
Yuhong Li, Yingbing Huang, Bowen Yang, Bharat Venkitesh, Acyr Locatelli, Hanchen Ye, Tianle Cai, Patrick Lewis, and Deming Chen. 2024 · 2024
Closest in time.
Leave no context behind: Efficient infinite context transformers with infini-attention
Tsendsuren Munkhdalai, Manaal Faruqui, and Siddharth Gopal. 2024 · 2024
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Introducing OpenAI o1
OpenAI · 2024
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Transformers are multi-state RNNs
Matanel Oren, Michael Hassid, Nir Yarden, Yossi Adi, and Roy Schwartz. 2024 · 2024
Closest in time.
YaRN: Efficient context window extension of large language models
Bowen Peng, Jeffrey Quesnelle, Honglu Fan, and Enrico Shippole. 2024 · 2024
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Sparq attention: Bandwidth-efficient LLM inference
Luka Ribar, Ivan Chelombiev, Luke Hudlass-Galley, Charlie Blake, Carlo Luschi, and Douglas Orr. 2024 · 2024
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Liyi Chen, Panrong Tong, Zhongming Jin, Ying Sun, Jieping Ye, and Hui Xiong. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
FlashAttention-2: Faster attention with better parallelism and work partitioning
Tri Dao. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Abhimanyu Dubey, Abhinav Jauhri, Abhinav Pandey, Abhishek Kadian, and 1 others. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
GitHub - flashinfer-ai/flashinfer: FlashInfer: Kernel Library for LLM Serving — github.com
flashinfer ai · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Chatglm: A family of large language models from glm-130b to glm-4 all tools
Team GLM, :, Aohan Zeng, Bin Xu, Bowen Wang, Chenhui Zhang, and 1 others. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
LM-infinite: Zero-shot extreme length generalization for large language models
Chi Han, Qifan Wang, Hao Peng, Wenhan Xiong, Yu Chen, Heng Ji, and Sinong Wang. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
RULER: What’s the real context size of your long-context language models?
Cheng-Ping Hsieh, Simeng Sun, Samuel Kriman, Shantanu Acharya, Dima Rekesh, Fei Jia, and Boris Ginsburg. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Advancing transformer architecture in long-context large language models: A comprehensive survey
Yunpeng Huang, Jingwei Xu, Junyu Lai, Zixu Jiang, Taolue Chen, Zenan Li, Yuan Yao, Xiaoxing Ma, Lijuan Yang, Hao Chen, Shupeng Li, and Penghao Zhao. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Closest in time.
Generative echo chamber? effect of llm-powered search systems on diverse information seeking
Nikhil Sharma, Q. Vera Liao, and Ziang Xiao. 2024 · 2024
Closest in time.
Roformer: Enhanced transformer with rotary position embedding
Jianlin Su, Murtadha Ahmed, Yu Lu, Shengfeng Pan, Wen Bo, and Yunfeng Liu. 2024 · 2024
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QUEST: Query-aware sparsity for efficient long-context LLM inference
Jiaming Tang, Yilong Zhao, Kan Zhu, Guangxuan Xiao, Baris Kasikci, and Song Han. 2024 · 2024
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Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of context
Gemini Team, Petko Georgiev, Ving Ian Lei, Ryan Burnell, and 1 others. 2024 · 2024
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Sglang: Efficient execution of structured language model programs
Lianmin Zheng, Liangsheng Yin, Zhiqiang Xie, Chuyue Sun, Jeff Huang, Cody Hao Yu, Shiyi Cao, Christos Kozyrakis, Ion Stoica, Joseph E. Gonzalez, Clark Barrett, and Ying Sheng. 2024 · 2024
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A survey on efficient inference for large language models
Zixuan Zhou, Xuefei Ning, Ke Hong, Tianyu Fu, Jiaming Xu, Shiyao Li, Yuming Lou, Luning Wang, Zhihang Yuan, Xiuhong Li, Shengen Yan, Guohao Dai, Xiao-Ping Zhang, Yuhan Dong, and Yu Wang. 2024 · 2024
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LEMMA: Learning from errors for MatheMatical advancement in LLMs
Zhuoshi Pan, Yu Li, Honglin Lin, Qizhi Pei, Zinan Tang, Wei Wu, Chenlin Ming, H. Vicky Zhao, Conghui He, and Lijun Wu. 2025 · 2025
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Shadowkv: Kv cache in shadows for high-throughput long-context llm inference
Hanshi Sun, Li-Wen Chang, Wenlei Bao, Size Zheng, Ningxin Zheng, Xin Liu, Harry Dong, Yuejie Chi, and Beidi Chen. 2025 · 2025
Closest in time.
Untie the knots: An efficient data augmentation strategy for long-context pre-training in language models
Junfeng Tian, Da Zheng, Yang Chen, Rui Wang, Colin Zhang, and Debing Zhang. 2025 · 2025
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