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Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in various scientific domains, from natural language processing to complex problem-solving tasks.
ScispaCy: fast and robust models for biomedical natural language processing
Neumann, M.; King, D.; Beltagy, I.; and Ammar, W. 2019 · 1902
Earlier work this paper cites.
Leveraging passage retrieval with generative models for open domain question answering
Izacard, G.; and Grave, E. 2020 · 2007
Earlier work this paper cites.
The probabilistic relevance framework: BM25 and beyond
Robertson, S.; Zaragoza, H.; et al. 2009 · 2009
Earlier work this paper cites.
Emerging approaches in literature-based discovery: techniques and performance review
Sebastian, Y.; Siew, E.-G.; and Orimaye, S. O. 2017 · 2017
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Retrieval augmented language model pre-training
Guu, K.; Lee, K.; Tung, Z.; Pasupat, P.; and Chang, M. 2020 · 2020
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Retrieval-augmented generation for knowledge-intensive nlp tasks
Lewis, P.; Perez, E.; Piktus, A.; Petroni, F.; Karpukhin, V.; Goyal, N.; Küttler, H.; Lewis, M.; Yih, W.-t.; Rocktäschel, T.; et al. 2020 · 2020
Earlier work this paper cites.
Training verifiers to solve math word problems
Cobbe, K.; Kosaraju, V.; Bavarian, M.; Chen, M.; Jun, H.; Kaiser, L.; Plappert, M.; Tworek, J.; Hilton, J.; Nakano, R.; et al. 2021 · 2021
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Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understanding
Hendrycks, D.; Burns, C.; Basart, S.; Zou, A.; Mazeika, M.; Song, D.; and Steinhardt, J. 2021 · 2021
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Improving language models by retrieving from trillions of tokens
Borgeaud, S.; Mensch, A.; Hoffmann, J.; Cai, T.; Rutherford, E.; Millican, K.; Van Den Driessche, G. B.; Lespiau, J.-B.; Damoc, B.; Clark, A.; et al. 2022 · 2022
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Interleaving retrieval with chain-of-thought reasoning for knowledge-intensive multi-step questions
Trivedi, H.; Balasubramanian, N.; Khot, T.; and Sabharwal, A. 2022 · 2022
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Self-consistency improves chain of thought reasoning in language models
Wang, X.; Wei, J.; Schuurmans, D.; Le, Q.; Chi, E.; Narang, S.; Chowdhery, A.; and Zhou, D. 2022 · 2022
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Chain-of-thought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models
Wei, J.; Wang, X.; Schuurmans, D.; Bosma, M.; Xia, F.; Chi, E.; Le, Q. V.; Zhou, D.; et al. 2022 · 2022
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The impact of large language models on scientific discovery: a preliminary study using gpt-4
AI4Science, M. R.; and Quantum, M. A. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Retrieval-augmented generation for large language models: A survey
Gao, Y.; Xiong, Y.; Gao, X.; Jia, K.; Pan, J.; Bi, Y.; Dai, Y.; Sun, J.; and Wang, H. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Assessing GPT-4 for cell type annotation in single-cell RNA-seq analysis
Hou, W.; and Ji, Z. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Huang, L.; Yu, W.; Ma, W.; Zhong, W.; Feng, Z.; Wang, H.; Chen, Q.; Peng, W.; Feng, X.; Qin, B.; et al. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Trustworthy LLMs: a Survey and Guideline for Evaluating Large Language Models’ Alignment
Graph-Based Retriever Captures the Long Tail of Biomedical Knowledge
Delile, J.; Mukherjee, S.; Van Pamel, A.; and Zhukov, L. 2024 · 2024
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Retrieval augmented scientific claim verification
Liu, H.; Soroush, A.; Nestor, J. G.; Park, E.; Idnay, B.; Fang, Y.; Pan, J.; Liao, S.; Bernard, M.; Peng, Y.; et al. 2024 · 2024
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KRAGEN: a knowledge graph-enhanced RAG framework for biomedical problem solving using large language models
Matsumoto, N.; Moran, J.; Choi, H.; Hernandez, M. E.; Venkatesan, M.; Wang, P.; and Moore, J. H. 2024 · 2024
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GPT-4 Technical Report
OpenAI; Achiam, J.; Adler, S.; Agarwal, S.; Ahmad, L.; Akkaya, I.; Aleman, F. L.; Almeida, D.; Altenschmidt, J.; Altman, S.; Anadkat, S.; Avila, R.; Babuschkin, I.; Balaji, S.; Balcom, V.; Baltescu, P.; Bao, H.; Bavarian, M.; Belgum, J.; Bello, I.; Berdine, J.; Bernadett-Shapiro, G.; Berner, C.; Bogdonoff, L.; Boiko, O.; Boyd, M.; Brakman, A.-L.; Brockman, G.; Brooks, T.; Brundage, M.; Button, K.; Cai, T.; Campbell, R.; Cann, A.; Carey, B.; Carlson, C.; Carmichael, R.; Chan, B.; Chang, C.; Chantzis, F.; Chen, D.; Chen, S.; Chen, R.; Chen, J.; Chen, M.; Chess, B.; Cho, C.; Chu, C.; Chung, H. W.; Cummings, D.; Currier, J.; Dai, Y.; Decareaux, C.; Degry, T.; Deutsch, N.; Deville, D.; Dhar, A.; Dohan, D.; Dowling, S.; Dunning, S.; Ecoffet, A.; Eleti, A.; Eloundou, T.; Farhi, D.; Fedus, L.; Felix, N.; Fishman, S. P.; Forte, J.; Fulford, I.; Gao, L.; Georges, E.; Gibson, C.; Goel, V.; Gogineni, T.; Goh, G.; Gontijo-Lopes, R.; Gordon, J.; Grafstein, M.; Gray, S.; Greene, R.; Gross, J.; Gu, S. S.; Guo, Y.; Hallacy, C.; Han, J.; Harris, J.; He, Y.; Heaton, M.; Heidecke, J.; Hesse, C.; Hickey, A.; Hickey, W.; Hoeschele, P.; Houghton, B.; Hsu, K.; Hu, S.; Hu, X.; Huizinga, J.; Jain, S.; Jain, S.; Jang, J.; Jiang, A.; Jiang, R.; Jin, H.; Jin, D.; Jomoto, S.; Jonn, B.; Jun, H.; Kaftan, T.; Łukasz Kaiser; Kamali, A.; Kanitscheider, I.; Keskar, N. S.; Khan, T.; Kilpatrick, L.; Kim, J. W.; Kim, C.; Kim, Y.; Kirchner, J. H.; Kiros, J.; Knight, M.; Kokotajlo, D.; Łukasz Kondraciuk; Kondrich, A.; Konstantinidis, A.; Kosic, K.; Krueger, G.; Kuo, V.; Lampe, M.; Lan, I.; Lee, T.; Leike, J.; Leung, J.; Levy, D.; Li, C. M.; Lim, R.; Lin, M.; Lin, S.; Litwin, M.; Lopez, T.; Lowe, R.; Lue, P.; Makanju, A.; Malfacini, K.; Manning, S.; Markov, T.; Markovski, Y.; Martin, B.; Mayer, K.; Mayne, A.; McGrew, B.; McKinney, S. M.; McLeavey, C.; McMillan, P.; McNeil, J.; Medina, D.; Mehta, A.; Menick, J.; Metz, L.; Mishchenko, A.; Mishkin, P.; Monaco, V.; Morikawa, E.; Mossing, D.; Mu, T.; Murati, M.; Murk, O.; Mély, D.; Nair, A.; Nakano, R.; Nayak, R.; Neelakantan, A.; Ngo, R.; Noh, H.; Ouyang, L.; O’Keefe, C.; Pachocki, J.; Paino, A.; Palermo, J.; Pantuliano, A.; Parascandolo, G.; Parish, J.; Parparita, E.; Passos, A.; Pavlov, M.; Peng, A.; Perelman, A.; de Avila Belbute Peres, F.; Petrov, M.; de Oliveira Pinto, H. P.; Michael; Pokorny; Pokrass, M.; Pong, V. H.; Powell, T.; Power, A.; Power, B.; Proehl, E.; Puri, R.; Radford, A.; Rae, J.; Ramesh, A.; Raymond, C.; Real, F.; Rimbach, K.; Ross, C.; Rotsted, B.; Roussez, H.; Ryder, N.; Saltarelli, M.; Sanders, T.; Santurkar, S.; Sastry, G.; Schmidt, H.; Schnurr, D.; Schulman, J.; Selsam, D.; Sheppard, K.; Sherbakov, T.; Shieh, J.; Shoker, S.; Shyam, P.; Sidor, S.; Sigler, E.; Simens, M.; Sitkin, J.; Slama, K.; Sohl, I.; Sokolowsky, B.; Song, Y.; Staudacher, N.; Such, F. P.; Summers, N.; Sutskever, I.; Tang, J.; Tezak, N.; Thompson, M. B.; Tillet, P.; Tootoonchian, A.; Tseng, E.; Tuggle, P.; Turley, N.; Tworek, J.; Uribe, J. F. C.; Vallone, A.; Vijayvergiya, A.; Voss, C.; Wainwright, C.; Wang, J. J.; Wang, A.; Wang, B.; Ward, J.; Wei, J.; Weinmann, C.; Welihinda, A.; Welinder, P.; Weng, J.; Weng, L.; Wiethoff, M.; Willner, D.; Winter, C.; Wolrich, S.; Wong, H.; Workman, L.; Wu, S.; Wu, J.; Wu, M.; Xiao, K.; Xu, T.; Yoo, S.; Yu, K.; Yuan, Q.; Zaremba, W.; Zellers, R.; Zhang, C.; Zhang, M.; Zhao, S.; Zheng, T.; Zhuang, J.; Zhuk, W.; and Zoph, B. 2024 · 2024
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Liu, Y.; Yao, Y.; Ton, J.-F.; Zhang, X.; Cheng, R. G. H.; Klochkov, Y.; Taufiq, M. F.; and Li, H. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Reasoning on graphs: Faithful and interpretable large language model reasoning
Luo, L.; Li, Y.-F.; Haffari, G.; and Pan, S. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Capabilities of gpt-4 on medical challenge problems
Nori, H.; King, N.; McKinney, S. M.; Carignan, D.; and Horvitz, E. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Large Language Models are Zero Shot Hypothesis Proposers
Qi, B.; Zhang, K.; Li, H.; Tian, K.; Zeng, S.; Chen, Z.-R.; and Zhou, B. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Scimon: Scientific inspiration machines optimized for novelty
Wang, Q.; Downey, D.; Ji, H.; and Hope, T. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Mindmap: Knowledge graph prompting sparks graph of thoughts in large language models
Wen, Y.; Wang, Z.; and Sun, J. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Graph of thoughts: Solving elaborate problems with large language models
Besta, M.; Blach, N.; Kubicek, A.; Gerstenberger, R.; Podstawski, M.; Gianinazzi, L.; Gajda, J.; Lehmann, T.; Niewiadomski, H.; Nyczyk, P.; et al. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Closest in time.
The model student: GPT-4 performance on graduate biomedical science exams
Stribling, D.; Xia, Y.; Amer, M. K.; Graim, K. S.; Mulligan, C. J.; and Renne, R. 2024 · 2024
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PubTator 3.0: an AI-powered literature resource for unlocking biomedical knowledge
Wei, C.-H.; Allot, A.; Lai, P.-T.; Leaman, R.; Tian, S.; Luo, L.; Jin, Q.; Wang, Z.; Chen, Q.; and Lu, Z. 2024 · 2024
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Benchmarking retrieval-augmented generation for medicine
Xiong, G.; Jin, Q.; Lu, Z.; and Zhang, A. 2024 · 2024
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Tree of thoughts: Deliberate problem solving with large language models
Yao, S.; Yu, D.; Zhao, J.; Shafran, I.; Griffiths, T.; Cao, Y.; and Narasimhan, K. 2024 · 2024
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Almanac—retrieval-augmented language models for clinical medicine
Zakka, C.; Shad, R.; Chaurasia, A.; Dalal, A. R.; Kim, J. L.; Moor, M.; Fong, R.; Phillips, C.; Alexander, K.; Ashley, E.; et al. 2024 · 2024
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Retrieval-Augmented Generation for AI-Generated Content: A Survey
Zhao, P.; Zhang, H.; Yu, Q.; Wang, Z.; Geng, Y.; Fu, F.; Yang, L.; Zhang, W.; and Cui, B. 2024 · 2024
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Hypothesis Generation with Large Language Models
Zhou, Y.; Liu, H.; Srivastava, T.; Mei, H.; and Tan, C. 2024 · 2024
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