Understand
This paper considers a new and deeply challenging face of the problem of time in the context of cosmology drawing on the work of Thiemann (2006, 2007).
- Thiemann argues for a radical response to the cosmic problem of time that requires us to modify the classical Friedmann equations.
- By contrast, we offer a conservative proposal for solution of the problem by bringing together ideas from the contemporary literature regarding reference frames (Bamonti 2023; Bamonti and Gomes 2024), complete observables (Gryb and Th\'ebault 2016b; Gryb and Th\'ebault 2023), and the model-based account of time measurement (Tal 2016).
- On our approach, we must reinterpret our criteria of observability in light of the clock hypothesis and the model-based account of measurement in order to preserve the Friedmann equations as the dynamical equations for the universe.