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How could LLMs influence our democracy? We investigate LLMs' political leanings and the potential influence of LLMs on voters by conducting multiple experiments in a U.S.
The People’s Choice: How the Voter Makes Up His Mind in a Presidential Campaign
Paul F Lazarsfeld, Bernard Berelson, and Hazel Gaudet. 1968 · 1968
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Voting: A Study of Opinion Formation in a Presidential Campaign
Bernard R Berelson, Paul F Lazarsfeld, and William N McPhee. 1986 · 1986
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Understanding self-report bias in organizational behavior research
Stewart I Donaldson and Elisa J Grant-Vallone. 2002 · 2002
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Natural language processing with Python: analyzing text with the natural language toolkit
Steven Bird, Ewan Klein, and Edward Loper. 2009 · 2009
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How large and long-lasting are the persuasive effects of televised campaign ads? Results from a randomized field experiment
Alan S Gerber, James G Gimpel, Donald P Green, and Daron R Shaw. 2011 · 2011
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The minimal persuasive effects of campaign contact in general elections: Evidence from 49 field experiments
Joshua L Kalla and David E Broockman. 2018 · 2018
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A three-decade retrospective on the hostile media effect
Richard M Perloff. 2018 · 2018
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Do Online Ads Influence Vote Choice?
Anselm Hager. 2019 · 2019
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The geometry of culture: Analyzing the meanings of class through word embeddings
Austin C Kozlowski, Matt Taddy, and James A Evans. 2019 · 2019
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Political Independents: Who They Are, What They Think
Pew Research Center. 2019 · 2019
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When and why are campaigns’ persuasive effects small? Evidence from the 2020 US presidential election
David E Broockman and Joshua L Kalla. 2023 · 2020
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Presidential Results
CNN. 2020 · 2020
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The small effects of political advertising are small regardless of context, message, sender, or receiver: Evidence from 59 real-time randomized experiments
Alexander Coppock, Seth J Hill, and Lynn Vavreck. 2020 · 2020
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The Changing Racial and Ethnic Composition of the U.S. Electorate
Pew Research Center. 2020 · 2020
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BERTopic: Neural topic modeling with a class-based TF-IDF procedure
Maarten Grootendorst. 2022 · 2022
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Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback
Long Ouyang, Jeffrey Wu, Xu Jiang, Diogo Almeida, Carroll Wainwright, Pamela Mishkin, Chong Zhang, Sandhini Agarwal, Katarina Slama, Alex Ray, et al. 2022 · 2022
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Josh Achiam, Steven Adler, Sandhini Agarwal, Lama Ahmad, Ilge Akkaya, Florencia Leoni Aleman, Diogo Almeida, Janko Altenschmidt, Sam Altman, Shyamal Anadkat, et al. 2023 · 2023
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Leveraging AI for democratic discourse: Chat interventions can improve online political conversations at scale
Lisa P Argyle, Christopher A Bail, Ethan C Busby, Joshua R Gubler, Thomas Howe, Christopher Rytting, Taylor Sorensen, and David Wingate. 2023 · 2023
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Man ends his life after an AI chatbot ’encouraged’ him to sacrifice himself to stop climate change
Imane El Atillah. 2023 · 2023
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Chronos-hermes-13b
Austism. 2023 · 2023
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The Hawthorne Effect or Observer Bias in User Research
Mayya Azarova. 2023 · 2023
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Shangbin Feng, Chan Young Park, Yuhan Liu, and Yulia Tsvetkov. 2023 · 2023
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Chronos-hermes-13b
Gryphe. 2023 · 2023
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Jochen Hartmann, Jasper Schwenzow, and Maximilian Witte. 2023 · 2023
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SOLAR 10.7B: Scaling Large Language Models with Simple yet Effective Depth Up-Scaling
Dahyun Kim, Chanjun Park, Sanghoon Kim, Wonsung Lee, Wonho Song, Yunsu Kim, Hyeonwoo Kim, Yungi Kim, Hyeonju Lee, Jihoo Kim, et al. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Platypus: Quick, Cheap, and Powerful Refinement of LLMs
Ariel N Lee, Cole J Hunter, and Nataniel Ruiz. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
2023 PEW RESEARCH CENTER’S AMERICAN TRENDS PANEL WAVE 131 INTERNET TOPLINE
Pew Research Center. 2023a · 2023
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2023 PEW RESEARCH CENTER’S AMERICAN TRENDS PANEL WAVE 132 – SCIENCE TOPLINE
Pew Research Center. 2023b · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Whose opinions do language models reflect?
Shibani Santurkar, Esin Durmus, Faisal Ladhak, Cinoo Lee, Percy Liang, and Tatsunori Hashimoto. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Supporting the 2024 indian general election
Google India Team. 2024 · 2024
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LLMGuard: Guarding against Unsafe LLM Behavior
Shubh Goyal, Medha Hira, Shubham Mishra, Sukriti Goyal, Arnav Goel, Niharika Dadu, DB Kirushikesh, Sameep Mehta, and Nishtha Madaan. 2024 · 2024
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Evaluating the persuasive influence of political microtargeting with large language models
Kobi Hackenburg and Helen Margetts. 2024 · 2024
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How experiments help campaigns persuade voters: Evidence from a large archive of campaigns’ own experiments
Luke Hewitt, David Broockman, Alexander Coppock, Ben M Tappin, James Slezak, Valerie Coffman, Nathaniel Lubin, and Mohammad Hamidian. 2024 · 2024
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Albert Q Jiang, Alexandre Sablayrolles, Antoine Roux, Arthur Mensch, Blanche Savary, Chris Bamford, Devendra Singh Chaplot, Diego de las Casas, Emma Bou Hanna, Florian Bressand, et al. 2024 · 2024
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Towards understanding sycophancy in language models
Mrinank Sharma, Meg Tong, Tomasz Korbak, David Duvenaud, Amanda Askell, Samuel R Bowman, Newton Cheng, Esin Durmus, Zac Hatfield-Dodds, Scott R Johnston, et al. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
How would ChatGPT vote in a federal election? A study exploring algorithmic political bias in artificial intelligence
Michaela Sullivan-Paul. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Alpaca: A strong, replicable instruction-following model
Rohan Taori, Ishaan Gulrajani, Tianyi Zhang, Yann Dubois, Xuechen Li, Carlos Guestrin, Percy Liang, and Tatsunori B Hashimoto. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Gemini: a family of highly capable multimodal models
Gemini Team, Rohan Anil, Sebastian Borgeaud, Yonghui Wu, Jean-Baptiste Alayrac, Jiahui Yu, Radu Soricut, Johan Schalkwyk, Andrew M Dai, Anja Hauth, et al. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models
Hugo Touvron, Louis Martin, Kevin Stone, Peter Albert, Amjad Almahairi, Yasmine Babaei, Nikolay Bashlykov, Soumya Batra, Prajjwal Bhargava, Shruti Bhosale, et al. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Activation addition: Steering language models without optimization
Alexander Matt Turner, Lisa Thiergart, Gavin Leech, David Udell, Juan J Vazquez, Ulisse Mini, and Monte MacDiarmid. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Openchat: Advancing open-source language models with mixed-quality data
Guan Wang, Sijie Cheng, Xianyuan Zhan, Xiangang Li, Sen Song, and Yang Liu. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Introducing Meta Llama 3: The most capable openly available LLM to date
AI Meta. 2024 · 2024
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Biden drops out of 2024 race after disastrous debate inflamed age concerns. VP Harris gets his nod
Zeke Miller, Colleen Long, and Darlene Superville. 2024 · 2024
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More human than human: Measuring ChatGPT political bias
Fabio Motoki, Valdemar Pinho Neto, and Victor Rodrigues. 2024 · 2024
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LLMs’ Potential Influences on Our Democracy: Challenges and Opportunities
Yujin Potter, David Rand, Yejin Choi, and Dawn Song. 2024 · 2024
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2024 Presidential Quiz
Presidential Quiz. 2024 · 2024
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How Artificial Intelligence Can Influence Elections: Analyzing the Large Language Models (LLMs) Political Bias
George-Cristinel Rotaru, Sorin Anagnoste, and Vasile-Marian Oancea. 2024 · 2024
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Paul Röttger, Valentin Hofmann, Valentina Pyatkin, Musashi Hinck, Hannah Rose Kirk, Hinrich Schütze, and Dirk Hovy. 2024 · 2024
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The Political Preferences of LLMs
David Rozado. 2024 · 2024
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The Self-Perception and Political Biases of ChatGPT
Jérôme Rutinowski, Sven Franke, Jan Endendyk, Ina Dormuth, Moritz Roidl, and Markus Pauly. 2024 · 2024
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Tanusree Sharma, Yujin Potter, Zachary Kilhoffer, Yun Huang, Dawn Song, and Yang Wang. 2024 · 2024
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A Roadmap to Pluralistic Alignment
Taylor Sorensen, Jared Moore, Jillian Fisher, Mitchell Gordon, Niloofar Mireshghallah, Christopher Michael Rytting, Andre Ye, Liwei Jiang, Ximing Lu, Nouha Dziri, et al. 2024 · 2024
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Systematic biases in LLM simulations of debates
Amir Taubenfeld, Yaniv Dover, Roi Reichart, and Ariel Goldstein. 2024 · 2024
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Introducing Qwen1.5
Qwen Team. 2024 · 2024
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Scaling Monosemanticity: Extracting Interpretable Features from Claude 3 Sonnet
Adly Templeton, Tom Conerly, Jonathan Marcus, Jack Lindsey, Trenton Bricken, Brian Chen, Adam Pearce, Craig Citro, Emmanuel Ameisen, Andy Jones, Hoagy Cunningham, Nicholas L Turner, Callum McDougall, Monte MacDiarmid, C. Daniel Freeman, Theodore R. Sumers, Edward Rees, Joshua Batson, Adam Jermyn, Shan Carter, Chris Olah, and Tom Henighan. 2024 · 2024
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Ai can help humans find common ground in democratic deliberation
Michael Henry Tessler, Michiel A Bakker, Daniel Jarrett, Hannah Sheahan, Martin J Chadwick, Raphael Koster, Georgina Evans, Lucy Campbell-Gillingham, Tantum Collins, David C Parkes, et al. 2024 · 2024
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The Disinformation Machine: How Susceptible Are We to AI Propaganda?
Dylan Walsh. 2024 · 2024
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Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arena
Lianmin Zheng, Wei-Lin Chiang, Ying Sheng, Siyuan Zhuang, Zhanghao Wu, Yonghao Zhuang, Zi Lin, Zhuohan Li, Dacheng Li, Eric Xing, et al. 2024 · 2024
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Improving Alignment and Robustness with Circuit Breakers
Andy Zou, Long Phan, Justin Wang, Derek Duenas, Maxwell Lin, Maksym Andriushchenko, Rowan Wang, Zico Kolter, Matt Fredrikson, and Dan Hendrycks. 2024 · 2024
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