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Large language models (LLMs) are employed to simulate human-like responses in social surveys, yet it remains unclear if they develop biases like social desirability response (SDR) bias.
A new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology
D. P. Crowne and D. Marlowe · 1960
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Two-component models of socially desirable responding
D. L. Paulhus · 1984
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Goals and the self-identification process: Constructing desired identities
B. R. Schlenker and M. F. Weigold · 1989
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Short forms of the marlowe-crowne social desirability scale
R. Ballard · 1992
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The threat of satisficing in surveys: The shortcuts respondents take in answering questions
J. Krosnick · 2000
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Using social desirability scales in research among the elderly
W. Dijkstra, J. H. Smit, and H. C. Comijs · 2001
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Telephone versus face-to-face interviewing of national probability samples with long questionnaires: Comparisons of respondent satisficing and social desirability response bias
A. L. Holbrook, M. C. Green, and J. A. Krosnick · 2003
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Social desirability bias in cross-cultural research
T. P. Johnson and F. J. Van de Vijver · 2003
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Sensitive questions in surveys
R. Tourangeau and T. Yan · 2007
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Social desirability bias in cati, ivr, and web surveys: The effects of mode and question sensitivity
F. Kreuter, S. Presser, and R. Tourangeau · 2008
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Social desirability effects and support for a female american president
M. J. Streb, B. Burrell, B. Frederick, and M. A. Genovese · 2008
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Mode differences between face-to-face and web surveys: An experimental investigation of data quality and social desirability effects
D. Heerwegh · 2009
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Social desirability bias in voter turnout reports: Tests using the item count technique
A. L. Holbrook and J. A. Krosnick · 2010
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Influence of social desirability on age differences in self-reports of mood and personality: Social desirability, age, and self-reports
A. Soubelet and T. A. Salthouse · 2011
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Differences between tight and loose cultures: A 33-nation study
M. J. Gelfand, J. L. Raver, L. Nishii, L. M. Leslie, J. Lun, B. C. Lim, L. Duan, A. Almaliach, S. Ang, J. Arnadottir, Z. Aycan, K. Boehnke, P. Boski, R. Cabecinhas, D. Chan, J. Chhokar, A. D’Amato, M. Subirats Ferrer, I. C. Fischlmayr, and S. Yamaguchi · 2011
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Detecting and deterring insufficient effort responding to surveys
J. L. Huang, P. G. Curran, J. Keeney, E. M. Poposki, and R. P. DeShon · 2012
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Determinants of social desirability bias in sensitive surveys: A literature review
I. Krumpal · 2013
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Ai-augmented surveys: Leveraging large language models and surveys for opinion prediction
J. Kim and B. Lee · 2023
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Aligning language models to user opinions
E. Hwang, B. P. Majumder, and N. Tandon · 2023
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Using large language models to simulate multiple humans and replicate human subject studies
G. Aher, R. I. Arriaga, and A. T. Kalai · 2023
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L. Huang, W. Yu, W. Ma, W. Zhong, Z. Feng, H. Wang, Q. Chen, W. Peng, X. Feng, B. Qin, and T. Liu · 2023
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Social desirability is the same in offline, online, and paper surveys: A meta-analysis
D. Dodou and J. C. F. De Winter · 2014
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Do attempts to improve respondent attention increase social desirability bias?
S. Clifford and J. Jerit · 2015
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Social desirability and the interpretation of uncertainty terms in self-report questions
T. Holtgraves · 2017
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Respondent commitment: Applying techniques from face-to-face interviewing to online collection of employment data
K. C. Hibben, B. Felderer, and F. G. Conrad · 2020
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Training a helpful and harmless assistant with reinforcement learning from human feedback
Y. Bai, A. Jones, K. Ndousse, A. Askell, A. Chen, N. DasSarma, D. Drain, S. Fort, D. Ganguli, T. Henighan, N. Joseph, S. Kadavath, J. Kernion, T. Conerly, S. El-Showk, N. Elhage, Z. Hatfield-Dodds, D. Hernandez, T. Hume, and J. Kaplan · 2022
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Age differences in personality traits and social desirability: A multi-rater multi-sample study
L. Ausmees, C. Kandler, A. Realo, J. Allik, P. Borkenau, M. Hřebíčková, and R. Mõttus · 2022
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Out of one, many: Using language models to simulate human samples
L. P. Argyle, E. C. Busby, N. Fulda, J. R. Gubler, C. Rytting, and D. Wingate · 2023
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S. Lee, T.-Q. Peng, M. H. Goldberg, S. A. Rosenthal, J. E. Kotcher, E. W. Maibach, and A. Leiserowitz · 2024
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Performance and biases of large language models in public opinion simulation
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Language is primarily a tool for communication rather than thought
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Having beer after prayer? measuring cultural bias in large language models
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