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Existing Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM)-based agents face significant challenges in handling complex GUI (Graphical User Interface) interactions on devices.
Language models are few-shot learners
Tom Brown, Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, Melanie Subbiah, Jared D Kaplan, Prafulla Dhariwal, Arvind Neelakantan, Pranav Shyam, Girish Sastry, Amanda Askell, Sandhini Agarwal, Ariel Herbert-Voss, Gretchen Krueger, Tom Henighan, Rewon Child, Aditya Ramesh, Daniel Ziegler, Jeffrey Wu, Clemens Winter, Chris Hesse, Mark Chen, Eric Sigler, Mateusz Litwin, Scott Gray, Benjamin Chess, Jack Clark, Christopher Berner, Sam McCandlish, Alec Radford, Ilya Sutskever, and Dario Amodei. 2020 · 1901
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Sugilite: Creating multimodal smartphone automation by demonstration
Toby Jia-Jun Li, Amos Azaria, and Brad A. Myers. 2017 · 2017
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Pumice: A multi-modal agent that learns concepts and conditionals from natural language and demonstrations
Toby Jia-Jun Li, Marissa Radensky, Justin Jia, Kirielle Singarajah, Tom M Mitchell, and Brad A Myers. 2019 · 2019
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Uibert: Learning generic multimodal representations for ui understanding
Chongyang Bai, Xiaoxue Zang, Ying Xu, Srinivas Sunkara, Abhinav Rastogi, Jindong Chen, and Blaise Aguera y Arcas. 2021 · 2021
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Actionbert: Leveraging user actions for semantic understanding of user interfaces
Zecheng He, Srinivas Sunkara, Xiaoxue Zang, Ying Xu, Lijuan Liu, Nevan Wichers, Gabriel Schubiner, Ruby Lee, and Jindong Chen. 2021 · 2021
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Screen2vec: Semantic embedding of gui screens and gui components
Toby Jia-Jun Li, Lindsay Popowski, Tom Mitchell, and Brad A Myers. 2021a · 2021
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Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervision
Alec Radford, Jong Wook Kim, Chris Hallacy, Aditya Ramesh, Gabriel Goh, Sandhini Agarwal, Girish Sastry, Amanda Askell, Pamela Mishkin, Jack Clark, Gretchen Krueger, and Ilya Sutskever. 2021 · 2021
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Screen2words: Automatic mobile ui summarization with multimodal learning
Bryan Wang, Gang Li, Xin Zhou, Zhourong Chen, Tovi Grossman, and Yang Li. 2021 · 2021
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Rethinking the role of demonstrations: What makes in-context learning work?
Sewon Min, Xinxi Lyu, Ari Holtzman, Mikel Artetxe, Mike Lewis, Hannaneh Hajishirzi, and Luke Zettlemoyer. 2022 · 2022
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META-GUI: Towards multi-modal conversational agents on mobile GUI
Liangtai Sun, Xingyu Chen, Lu Chen, Tianle Dai, Zichen Zhu, and Kai Yu. 2022 · 2022
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Chain-of-thought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models
Jason Wei, Xuezhi Wang, Dale Schuurmans, Maarten Bosma, brian ichter, Fei Xia, Ed Chi, Quoc V Le, and Denny Zhou. 2022 · 2022
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Using large language models to simulate multiple humans and replicate human subject studies
Gati Aher, Rosa I. Arriaga, and Adam Tauman Kalai. 2023 · 2023
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Minigpt-v2: large language model as a unified interface for vision-language multi-task learning
Jun Chen, Deyao Zhu, Xiaoqian Shen, Xiang Li, Zechun Liu, Pengchuan Zhang, Raghuraman Krishnamoorthi, Vikas Chandra, Yunyang Xiong, and Mohamed Elhoseiny. 2023 · 2023
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Instructblip: Towards general-purpose vision-language models with instruction tuning
Wenliang Dai, Junnan Li, DONGXU LI, Anthony Tiong, Junqi Zhao, Weisheng Wang, Boyang Li, Pascale N Fung, and Steven Hoi. 2023 · 2023
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Understanding the benefits and challenges of deploying conversational ai leveraging large language models for public health intervention
Eunkyung Jo, Daniel A. Epstein, Hyunhoon Jung, and Young-Ho Kim. 2023 · 2023
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Spotlight: Mobile ui understanding using vision-language models with a focus
Gang Li and Yang Li. 2023 · 2023
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Yang Li, Yangyang Yu, Haohang Li, Zhi Chen, and Khaldoun Khashanah. 2023 · 2023
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Visual instruction tuning
Haotian Liu, Chunyuan Li, Qingyang Wu, and Yong Jae Lee. 2023 · 2023
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Self-refine: Iterative refinement with self-feedback
Aman Madaan, Niket Tandon, Prakhar Gupta, Skyler Hallinan, Luyu Gao, Sarah Wiegreffe, Uri Alon, Nouha Dziri, Shrimai Prabhumoye, Yiming Yang, et al. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Gpt-4v(ision) system card
OpenAI. 2023 · 2023
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Generative agents: Interactive simulacra of human behavior
Joon Sung Park, Joseph O’Brien, Carrie Jun Cai, Meredith Ringel Morris, Percy Liang, and Michael S. Bernstein. 2023 · 2023
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Reflexion: language agents with verbal reinforcement learning
Noah Shinn, Federico Cassano, Ashwin Gopinath, Karthik Narasimhan, and Shunyu Yao. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Gemini in reasoning: Unveiling commonsense in multimodal large language models
Yuqing Wang and Yun Zhao. 2023 · 2023
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Understanding the planning of llm agents: A survey
Xu Huang, Weiwen Liu, Xiaolong Chen, Xingmei Wang, Hao Wang, Defu Lian, Yasheng Wang, Ruiming Tang, and Enhong Chen. 2024 · 2024
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Depression diagnosis dialogue simulation: Self-improving psychiatrist with tertiary memory
Kunyao Lan, Bingui Jin, Zichen Zhu, Siyuan Chen, Shu Zhang, Kenny Q. Zhu, and Mengyue Wu. 2024 · 2024
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CoCo-agent: A comprehensive cognitive MLLM agent for smartphone GUI automation
Xinbei Ma, Zhuosheng Zhang, and Hai Zhao. 2024 · 2024
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Evaluating very long-term conversational memory of llm agents
Adyasha Maharana, Dong-Ho Lee, Sergey Tulyakov, Mohit Bansal, Francesco Barbieri, and Yuwei Fang. 2024 · 2024
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Mobileflow: A multimodal llm for mobile gui agent
Songqin Nong, Jiali Zhu, Rui Wu, Jiongchao Jin, Shuo Shan, Xiutian Huang, and Wenhao Xu. 2024 · 2024
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Zhenyu Wu, Ziwei Wang, Xiuwei Xu, Jiwen Lu, and Haibin Yan. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
The rise and potential of large language model based agents: A survey
Zhiheng Xi, Wenxiang Chen, Xin Guo, Wei He, Yiwen Ding, Boyang Hong, Ming Zhang, Junzhe Wang, Senjie Jin, Enyu Zhou, Rui Zheng, Xiaoran Fan, Xiao Wang, Limao Xiong, Yuhao Zhou, Weiran Wang, Changhao Jiang, Yicheng Zou, Xiangyang Liu, Zhangyue Yin, Shihan Dou, Rongxiang Weng, Wensen Cheng, Qi Zhang, Wenjuan Qin, Yongyan Zheng, Xipeng Qiu, Xuanjing Huang, and Tao Gui. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Gpt-4v in wonderland: Large multimodal models for zero-shot smartphone gui navigation
An Yan, Zhengyuan Yang, Wanrong Zhu, Kevin Lin, Linjie Li, Jianfeng Wang, Jianwei Yang, Yiwu Zhong, Julian McAuley, Jianfeng Gao, Zicheng Liu, and Lijuan Wang. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
React: Synergizing reasoning and acting in language models
Shunyu Yao, Jeffrey Zhao, Dian Yu, Nan Du, Izhak Shafran, Karthik R Narasimhan, and Yuan Cao. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
mplug-owl2: Revolutionizing multi-modal large language model with modality collaboration
Qinghao Ye, Haiyang Xu, Jiabo Ye, Ming Yan, Anwen Hu, Haowei Liu, Qi Qian, Ji Zhang, Fei Huang, and Jingren Zhou. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Large language models are semi-parametric reinforcement learning agents
Danyang Zhang, Lu Chen, Situo Zhang, Hongshen Xu, Zihan Zhao, and Kai Yu. 2023b · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Cam-gui: A conversational assistant on mobile gui
Zichen Zhu, Liangtai Sun, Jingkai Yang, Yifan Peng, Weilin Zou, Ziyuan Li, Wutao Li, Lu Chen, Yingzi Ma, Danyang Zhang, et al. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
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Kosmos-g: Generating images in context with multimodal large language models
Xichen Pan, Li Dong, Shaohan Huang, Zhiliang Peng, Wenhu Chen, and Furu Wei. 2024 · 2024
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Gemini: A family of highly capable multimodal models
Gemini Team. 2024 · 2024
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Autodroid: Llm-powered task automation in android
Hao Wen, Yuanchun Li, Guohong Liu, Shanhui Zhao, Tao Yu, Toby Jia-Jun Li, Shiqi Jiang, Yunhao Liu, Yaqin Zhang, and Yunxin Liu. 2024 · 2024
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Jiannan Wu, Muyan Zhong, Sen Xing, Zeqiang Lai, Zhaoyang Liu, Wenhai Wang, Zhe Chen, Xizhou Zhu, Lewei Lu, Tong Lu, Ping Luo, Yu Qiao, and Jifeng Dai. 2024 · 2024
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Osworld: Benchmarking multimodal agents for open-ended tasks in real computer environments
Tianbao Xie, Danyang Zhang, Jixuan Chen, Xiaochuan Li, Siheng Zhao, Ruisheng Cao, Jing Hua Toh, Zhoujun Cheng, Dongchan Shin, Fangyu Lei, et al. 2024 · 2024
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Understanding the weakness of large language model agents within a complex android environment
Mingzhe Xing, Rongkai Zhang, Hui Xue, Qi Chen, Fan Yang, and Zhen Xiao. 2024 · 2024
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Hierarchical multimodal pre-training for visually rich webpage understanding
Hongshen Xu, Lu Chen, Zihan Zhao, Da Ma, Ruisheng Cao, Zichen Zhu, and Kai Yu. 2024 · 2024
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Minicpm-v: A gpt-4v level mllm on your phone
Yuan Yao, Tianyu Yu, Ao Zhang, Chongyi Wang, Junbo Cui, Hongji Zhu, Tianchi Cai, Haoyu Li, Weilin Zhao, Zhihui He, Qianyu Chen, Huarong Zhou, Zhensheng Zou, Haoye Zhang, Shengding Hu, Zhi Zheng, Jie Zhou, Jie Cai, Xu Han, Guoyang Zeng, Dahai Li, Zhiyuan Liu, and Maosong Sun. 2024 · 2024
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mplug-owl: Modularization empowers large language models with multimodality
Qinghao Ye, Haiyang Xu, Guohai Xu, Jiabo Ye, Ming Yan, Yiyang Zhou, Junyang Wang, Anwen Hu, Pengcheng Shi, Yaya Shi, Chenliang Li, Yuanhong Xu, Hehong Chen, Junfeng Tian, Qi Qian, Ji Zhang, Fei Huang, and Jingren Zhou. 2024 · 2024
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You only look at screens: Multimodal chain-of-action agents
Zhuosheng Zhang and Aston Zhang. 2024 · 2024
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Gpt-4v(ision) is a generalist web agent, if grounded
Boyuan Zheng, Boyu Gou, Jihyung Kil, Huan Sun, and Yu Su. 2024 · 2024
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MiniGPT-4: Enhancing vision-language understanding with advanced large language models
Deyao Zhu, Jun Chen, Xiaoqian Shen, Xiang Li, and Mohamed Elhoseiny. 2024 · 2024
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Mobile-agent-v2: Mobile device operation assistant with effective navigation via multi-agent collaboration
Junyang Wang, Haiyang Xu, Haitao Jia, Xi Zhang, Ming Yan, Weizhou Shen, Ji Zhang, Fei Huang, and Jitao Sang. 2025 · 2025
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