Practical quantum advantage on partially fault-tolerant quantum computer

Understand

Achieving quantum speedups in practical tasks remains challenging for current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices.

• These devices always encounter significant obstacles such as inevitable physical errors and the limited scalability of current near-term algorithms.
• Meanwhile, assuming a typical architecture for fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC), realistic applications inevitably require a vast number of qubits, typically exceeding $10^6$, which seems far beyond near-term realization.
• In this work, to bridge the gap between the NISQ and FTQC eras, we propose an alternative approach to achieve practical quantum advantages on early-FTQC devices.