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The Linear Representation Hypothesis (LRH) states that neural networks learn to encode concepts as directions in activation space, and a strong version of the LRH states that models learn only such encodings.
Neural and conceptual interpretation of PDP models
Paul Smolensky. 1986 · 1986
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Finding structure in time
Jeffrey L. Elman. 1990 · 1990
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Distributed representations, simple recurrent networks, and grammatical structure
Jeffrey L. Elman. 1991 · 1991
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Long short-term memory
Sepp Hochreiter and Jürgen Schmidhuber. 1997 · 1997
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Neural networks for machine learning
Geoffrey Hinton. 2012 · 2012
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Estimating or propagating gradients through stochastic neurons for conditional computation
Yoshua Bengio, Nicholas Léonard, and Aaron C. Courville. 2013 · 2013
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Linguistic regularities in continuous space word representations
Tomas Mikolov, Wen-tau Yih, and Geoffrey Zweig. 2013 · 2013
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Learning phrase representations using RNN encoder–decoder for statistical machine translation
Kyunghyun Cho, Bart van Merriënboer, Caglar Gulcehre, Dzmitry Bahdanau, Fethi Bougares, Holger Schwenk, and Yoshua Bengio. 2014 · 2014
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Linguistic regularities in sparse and explicit word representations
Omer Levy and Yoav Goldberg. 2014 · 2014
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A latent variable model approach to PMI-based word embeddings
Sanjeev Arora, Yuanzhi Li, Yingyu Liang, Tengyu Ma, and Andrej Risteski. 2016 · 2016
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Jimmy Lei Ba, Jamie Ryan Kiros, and Geoffrey E Hinton. 2016 · 2016
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Categorical reparametrization with gumbel-softmax
Eric Jang, Shixiang Gu, and Ben Poole. 2017 · 2017
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The concrete distribution: A continuous relaxation of discrete random variables
Chris J Maddison, Andriy Mnih, and Yee Whye Teh. 2017 · 2017
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Attention is all you need
Ashish Vaswani, Noam Shazeer, Niki Parmar, Jakob Uszkoreit, Llion Jones, Aidan N Gomez, Ł ukasz Kaiser, and Illia Polosukhin. 2017 · 2017
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Under the hood: Using diagnostic classifiers to investigate and improve how language models track agreement information
Mario Giulianelli, Jack Harding, Florian Mohnert, Dieuwke Hupkes, and Willem H. Zuidema. 2018 · 2018
Cited alongside, same era.
Deep contextualized word representations
Matthew E. Peters, Mark Neumann, Mohit Iyyer, Matt Gardner, Christopher Clark, Kenton Lee, and Luke Zettlemoyer. 2018 · 2018
Cited alongside, same era.
How do decisions emerge across layers in neural models? interpretation with differentiable masking
Nicola De Cao, Michael Sejr Schlichtkrull, Wilker Aziz, and Ivan Titov. 2020 · 2020
Cited alongside, same era.
Neural natural language inference models partially embed theories of lexical entailment and negation
Atticus Geiger, Kyle Richardson, and Christopher Potts. 2020 · 2020
Cited alongside, same era.
Null it out: Guarding protected attributes by iterative nullspace projection
Shauli Ravfogel, Yanai Elazar, Hila Gonen, Michael Twiton, and Yoav Goldberg. 2020 · 2020
Cited alongside, same era.
A geometric notion of causal probing
Clément Guerner, Anej Svete, Tianyu Liu, Alexander Warstadt, and Ryan Cotterell. 2023 · 2023
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Emergent linear representations in world models of self-supervised sequence models
Neel Nanda, Andrew Lee, and Martin Wattenberg. 2023 · 2023
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The linear representation hypothesis and the geometry of large language models
Kiho Park, Yo Joong Choe, and Victor Veitch. 2023 · 2023
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Interpretability in the wild: a circuit for indirect object identification in GPT-2 small
Kevin Ro Wang, Alexandre Variengien, Arthur Conmy, Buck Shlegeris, and Jacob Steinhardt. 2023 · 2023
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Interpretability at scale: Identifying causal mechanisms in alpaca
Zhengxuan Wu, Atticus Geiger, Thomas Icard, Christopher Potts, and Noah D. Goodman. 2023 · 2023
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Investigating gender bias in language models using causal mediation analysis
Jesse Vig, Sebastian Gehrmann, Yonatan Belinkov, Sharon Qian, Daniel Nevo, Yaron Singer, and Stuart M. Shieber. 2020 · 2020
Cited alongside, same era.
Are neural nets modular? Inspecting functional modularity through differentiable weight masks
Róbert Csordás, Sjoerd van Steenkiste, and Jürgen Schmidhuber. 2021 · 2021
Cited alongside, same era.
Causal analysis of syntactic agreement mechanisms in neural language models
Matthew Finlayson, Aaron Mueller, Sebastian Gehrmann, Stuart Shieber, Tal Linzen, and Yonatan Belinkov. 2021 · 2021
Cited alongside, same era.
Causal abstractions of neural networks
Atticus Geiger, Hanson Lu, Thomas Icard, and Christopher Potts. 2021 · 2021
Cited alongside, same era.
Toy models of superposition
Nelson Elhage, Tristan Hume, Catherine Olsson, Nicholas Schiefer, Tom Henighan, Shauna Kravec, Zac Hatfield-Dodds, Robert Lasenby, Dawn Drain, Carol Chen, Roger Grosse, Sam McCandlish, Jared Kaplan, Dario Amodei, Martin Wattenberg, and Christopher Olah. 2022 · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
LEACE: perfect linear concept erasure in closed form
Nora Belrose, David Schneider-Joseph, Shauli Ravfogel, Ryan Cotterell, Edward Raff, and Stella Biderman. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Towards monosemanticity: Decomposing language models with dictionary learning
Trenton Bricken, Adly Templeton, Joshua Batson, Brian Chen, Adam Jermyn, Tom Conerly, Nick Turner, Cem Anil, Carson Denison, Amanda Askell, Robert Lasenby, Yifan Wu, Shauna Kravec, Nicholas Schiefer, Tim Maxwell, Nicholas Joseph, Zac Hatfield-Dodds, Alex Tamkin, Karina Nguyen, Brayden McLean, Josiah E Burke, Tristan Hume, Shan Carter, Tom Henighan, and Christopher Olah. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Later among the works it cites.
Transformers are SSMs: Generalized models and efficient algorithms through structured state space duality
Tri Dao and Albert Gu. 2024 · 2024
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Not all language model features are linear
Joshua Engels, Isaac Liao, Eric J. Michaud, Wes Gurnee, and Max Tegmark. 2024 · 2024
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Finding alignments between interpretable causal variables and distributed neural representations
Atticus Geiger, Zhengxuan Wu, Christopher Potts, Thomas Icard, and Noah D. Goodman. 2024b · 2024
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RAVEL: Evaluating interpretability methods on disentangling language model representations
Jing Huang, Zhengxuan Wu, Christopher Potts, Mor Geva, and Atticus Geiger. 2024 · 2024
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Sparse autoencoders find highly interpretable features in language models
Robert Huben, Hoagy Cunningham, Logan Riggs Smith, Aidan Ewart, and Lee Sharkey. 2024 · 2024
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Towards principled evaluations of sparse autoencoders for interpretability and control
Aleksandar Makelov, George Lange, and Neel Nanda. 2024 · 2024
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Sparse feature circuits: Discovering and editing interpretable causal graphs in language models
Samuel Marks, Can Rager, Eric J. Michaud, Yonatan Belinkov, David Bau, and Aaron Mueller. 2024 · 2024
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What is a linear representation? what is a multidimensional feature?
Christopher Olah. 2024 · 2024
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The ‘strong’ feature hypothesis could be wrong
Lewis Smith. 2024 · 2024
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