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LLM-based multi-agent systems (MAS) have shown promise in tackling complex tasks.
Dryad: Distributed data-parallel programs from sequential building blocks
Michael Isard, Mihai Budiu, Yuan Yu, Andrew Birrell, and Dennis Fetterly. 2007 · 2007
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Tensorflow-serving: Flexible, high-performance ml serving
Christopher Olston, Noah Fiedel, Kiril Gorovoy, Jeremiah Harmsen, Li Lao, Fangwei Li, Vinu Rajashekhar, Sukriti Ramesh, and Jordan Soyke. 2017 · 2017
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Batch: machine learning inference serving on serverless platforms with adaptive batching
Ahsan Ali, Riccardo Pinciroli, Feng Yan, and Evgenia Smirni. 2020 · 2020
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Serving dnns like clockwork: Performance predictability from the bottom up
Arpan Gujarati, Reza Karimi, Safya Alzayat, Wei Hao, Antoine Kaufmann, Ymir Vigfusson, and Jonathan Mace. 2020 · 2020
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Program synthesis with large language models
Jacob Austin, Augustus Odena, Maxwell Nye, Maarten Bosma, Henryk Michalewski, David Dohan, Ellen Jiang, Carrie Cai, Michael Terry, Quoc Le, and 1 others. 2021 · 2021
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Evaluating large language models trained on code
Mark Chen, Jerry Tworek, Heewoo Jun, Qiming Yuan, Henrique Ponde de Oliveira Pinto, Jared Kaplan, Harri Edwards, Yuri Burda, Nicholas Joseph, Greg Brockman, and 1 others. 2021 · 2021
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Training verifiers to solve math word problems
Karl Cobbe, Vineet Kosaraju, Mohammad Bavarian, Mark Chen, Heewoo Jun, Lukasz Kaiser, Matthias Plappert, Jerry Tworek, Jacob Hilton, Reiichiro Nakano, and 1 others. 2021 · 2021
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Measuring mathematical problem solving with the math dataset
Dan Hendrycks, Collin Burns, Saurav Kadavath, Akul Arora, Steven Basart, Eric Tang, Dawn Song, and Jacob Steinhardt. 2021 · 2021
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Machine translation decoding beyond beam search
Rémi Leblond, Jean-Baptiste Alayrac, L. Sifre, Miruna Pislar, Jean-Baptiste Lespiau, Ioannis Antonoglou, K. Simonyan, and O. Vinyals. 2021 · 2021
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SONIC: Application-aware data passing for chained serverless applications
Ashraf Mahgoub, Karthick Shankar, Subrata Mitra, Ana Klimovic, Somali Chaterji, and Saurabh Bagchi. 2021 · 2021
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Qmsum: A new benchmark for query-based multi-domain meeting summarization
Ming Zhong, Da Yin, Tao Yu, Ahmad Zaidi, Mutethia Mutuma, Rahul Jha, Ahmed Hassan Awadallah, Asli Celikyilmaz, Yang Liu, Xipeng Qiu, and 1 others. 2021 · 2021
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Chatgpt
OpenAI. 2022 · 2022
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Self-consistency improves chain of thought reasoning in language models
Xuezhi Wang, Jason Wei, Dale Schuurmans, Quoc Le, Ed Chi, Sharan Narang, Aakanksha Chowdhery, and Denny Zhou. 2022 · 2022
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Chain-of-thought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models
Jason Wei, Xuezhi Wang, Dale Schuurmans, Maarten Bosma, Fei Xia, Ed Chi, Quoc V Le, Denny Zhou, and 1 others. 2022 · 2022
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React: Synergizing reasoning and acting in language models
Shunyu Yao, Jeffrey Zhao, Dian Yu, Izhak Shafran, Karthik R Narasimhan, and Yuan Cao. 2022 · 2022
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Orca: A distributed serving system for Transformer-Based generative models
Gyeong-In Yu, Joo Seong Jeong, Geon-Woo Kim, Soojeong Kim, and Byung-Gon Chun. 2022 · 2022
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Huggingface text generation inference
2023 · 2023
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Promptflow
2023 · 2023
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Tensorrt-llm: A tensorrt toolbox for optimized large language model inference
2023 · 2023
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Josh Achiam, Steven Adler, Sandhini Agarwal, Lama Ahmad, Ilge Akkaya, Florencia Leoni Aleman, Diogo Almeida, Janko Altenschmidt, Sam Altman, Shyamal Anadkat, and 1 others. 2023 · 2023
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Improving factuality and reasoning in language models through multiagent debate
Yilun Du, Shuang Li, Antonio Torralba, Joshua B Tenenbaum, and Igor Mordatch. 2023 · 2023
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Memory matters: The need to improve long-term memory in llm-agents
Kostas Hatalis, Despina Christou, Joshua Myers, Steven Jones, Keith Lambert, Adam Amos-Binks, Zohreh Dannenhauer, and Dustin Dannenhauer. 2023 · 2023
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Metagpt: Meta programming for multi-agent collaborative framework
Sirui Hong, Xiawu Zheng, Jonathan Chen, Yuheng Cheng, Jinlin Wang, Ceyao Zhang, Zili Wang, Steven Ka Shing Yau, Zijuan Lin, Liyang Zhou, and 1 others. 2023 · 2023
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Bert4eth: A pre-trained transformer for ethereum fraud detection
Sihao Hu, Zhen Zhang, Bingqiao Luo, Shengliang Lu, Bingsheng He, and Ling Liu. 2023 · 2023
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War and peace (waragent): Large language model-based multi-agent simulation of world wars
Wenyue Hua, Lizhou Fan, Lingyao Li, Kai Mei, Jianchao Ji, Yingqiang Ge, Libby Hemphill, and Yongfeng Zhang. 2023 · 2023
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Towards mitigating llm hallucination via self reflection
Ziwei Ji, Tiezheng Yu, Yan Xu, Nayeon Lee, Etsuko Ishii, and Pascale Fung. 2023 · 2023
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Structgpt: A general framework for large language model to reason over structured data
Jinhao Jiang, Kun Zhou, Zican Dong, Keming Ye, Wayne Xin Zhao, and Ji-Rong Wen. 2023 · 2023
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S 3 : Increasing gpu utilization during generative inference for higher throughput
Yunho Jin, Chun-Feng Wu, David Brooks, and Gu-Yeon Wei. 2023 · 2023
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Encouraging divergent thinking in large language models through multi-agent debate
Tian Liang, Zhiwei He, Wenxiang Jiao, Xing Wang, Yan Wang, Rui Wang, Yujiu Yang, Shuming Shi, and Zhaopeng Tu. 2023 · 2023
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Reasoning on graphs: Faithful and interpretable large language model reasoning
Linhao Luo, Yuan-Fang Li, Gholamreza Haffari, and Shirui Pan. 2023 · 2023
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When not to trust language models: Investigating effectiveness of parametric and non-parametric memories
Alex Mallen, Akari Asai, Victor Zhong, Rajarshi Das, Daniel Khashabi, and Hannaneh Hajishirzi. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
OpenAI. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Generative agents: Interactive simulacra of human behavior
Joon Sung Park, Joseph O’Brien, Carrie Jun Cai, Meredith Ringel Morris, Percy Liang, and Michael S Bernstein. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Efficiently scaling transformer inference
Reiner Pope, Sholto Douglas, Aakanksha Chowdhery, Jacob Devlin, James Bradbury, Jonathan Heek, Kefan Xiao, Shivani Agrawal, and Jeff Dean. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Automatic prompt optimization with" gradient descent" and beam search
Reid Pryzant, Dan Iter, Jerry Li, Yin Tat Lee, Chenguang Zhu, and Michael Zeng. 2023 · 2023
Simulating financial market via large language model based agents
Shen Gao, Yuntao Wen, Minghang Zhu, Jianing Wei, Yuhan Cheng, Qunzi Zhang, and Shuo Shang. 2024 · 2024
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Large language model based multi-agents: A survey of progress and challenges
Taicheng Guo, Xiuying Chen, Yaqi Wang, Ruidi Chang, Shichao Pei, Nitesh V Chawla, Olaf Wiest, and Xiangliang Zhang. 2024 · 2024
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Quantifying the uncertainty of llm hallucination spreading in complex adaptive social networks
Guozhi Hao, Jun Wu, Qianqian Pan, and Rosario Morello. 2024 · 2024
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MetaGPT: Meta programming for a multi-agent collaborative framework
Sirui Hong, Mingchen Zhuge, Jonathan Chen, Xiawu Zheng, Yuheng Cheng, Jinlin Wang, Ceyao Zhang, Zili Wang, Steven Ka Shing Yau, Zijuan Lin, Liyang Zhou, Chenyu Ran, Lingfeng Xiao, Chenglin Wu, and Jürgen Schmidhuber. 2024 · 2024
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Cited alongside, same era.
Toolllm: Facilitating large language models to master 16000+ real-world apis
Yujia Qin, Shi Liang, Yining Ye, Kunlun Zhu, Lan Yan, Ya-Ting Lu, Yankai Lin, Xin Cong, Xiangru Tang, Bill Qian, Sihan Zhao, Runchu Tian, Ruobing Xie, Jie Zhou, M. Gerstein, Dahai Li, Zhiyuan Liu, and Maosong Sun. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Toolformer: Language models can teach themselves to use tools
Timo Schick, Jane Dwivedi-Yu, Roberto Dessi, Roberta Raileanu, Maria Lomeli, Eric Hambro, Luke Zettlemoyer, Nicola Cancedda, and Thomas Scialom. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Reflexion: an autonomous agent with dynamic memory and self-reflection
Noah Shinn, Beck Labash, and Ashwin Gopinath. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Think-on-graph: Deep and responsible reasoning of large language model on knowledge graph
Jiashuo Sun, Chengjin Xu, Lumingyuan Tang, Saizhuo Wang, Chen Lin, Yeyun Gong, Lionel M Ni, Heung-Yeung Shum, and Jian Guo. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Gemini: a family of highly capable multimodal models
Gemini Team, Rohan Anil, Sebastian Borgeaud, Yonghui Wu, Jean-Baptiste Alayrac, Jiahui Yu, Radu Soricut, Johan Schalkwyk, Andrew M Dai, Anja Hauth, and 1 others. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Llama: Open and efficient foundation language models
Hugo Touvron, Thibaut Lavril, Gautier Izacard, Xavier Martinet, Marie-Anne Lachaux, Timothée Lacroix, Baptiste Rozière, Naman Goyal, Eric Hambro, Faisal Azhar, and et al. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Freshllms: Refreshing large language models with search engine augmentation
Tu Vu, Mohit Iyyer, Xuezhi Wang, Noah Constant, Jerry Wei, Jason Wei, Chris Tar, Yun-Hsuan Sung, Denny Zhou, Quoc Le, and Thang Luong. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Hui Huang, Yingqi Qu, Jing Liu, Muyun Yang, and Tiejun Zhao. 2024 · 2024
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Improving medical reasoning through retrieval and self-reflection with retrieval-augmented large language models
Minbyul Jeong, Jiwoong Sohn, Mujeen Sung, and Jaewoo Kang. 2024 · 2024
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Albert Q. Jiang, Alexandre Sablayrolles, Antoine Roux, Arthur Mensch, Blanche Savary, Chris Bamford, Devendra Singh Chaplot, Diego de las Casas, Emma Bou Hanna, Florian Bressand, Gianna Lengyel, Guillaume Bour, Guillaume Lample, Lélio Renard Lavaud, Lucile Saulnier, Marie-Anne Lachaux, Pierre Stock, Sandeep Subramanian, Sophia Yang, and 7 others. 2024 · 2024
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What if llms have different world views: Simulating alien civilizations with llm-based agents
Mingyu Jin, Beichen Wang, Zhaoqian Xue, Suiyuan Zhu, Wenyue Hua, Hua Tang, Kai Mei, Mengnan Du, and Yongfeng Zhang. 2024 · 2024
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Flooding spread of manipulated knowledge in llm-based multi-agent communities
Tianjie Ju, Yiting Wang, Xinbei Ma, Pengzhou Cheng, Haodong Zhao, Yulong Wang, Lifeng Liu, Jian Xie, Zhuosheng Zhang, and Gongshen Liu. 2024 · 2024
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Prompt infection: Llm-to-llm prompt injection within multi-agent systems
Donghyun Lee and Mo Tiwari. 2024 · 2024
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AlphaFin: Benchmarking financial analysis with retrieval-augmented stock-chain framework
Xiang Li, Zhenyu Li, Chen Shi, Yong Xu, Qing Du, Mingkui Tan, and Jun Huang. 2024b · 2024
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Parrot: Efficient serving of llm-based applications with semantic variable
Chaofan Lin, Zhenhua Han, Chengruidong Zhang, Yuqing Yang, Fan Yang, Chen Chen, and Lili Qiu. 2024 · 2024
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Xinyi Mou, Xuanwen Ding, Qi He, Liang Wang, Jingcong Liang, Xinnong Zhang, Libo Sun, Jiayu Lin, Jie Zhou, Xuanjing Huang, and 1 others. 2024 · 2024
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Very large-scale multi-agent simulation in agentscope
Xuchen Pan, Dawei Gao, Yuexiang Xie, Zhewei Wei, Yaliang Li, Bolin Ding, Ji-Rong Wen, and Jingren Zhou. 2024 · 2024
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Cooperate or collapse: Emergence of sustainable cooperation in a society of llm agents
Giorgio Piatti, Zhijing Jin, Max Kleiman-Weiner, Bernhard Schölkopf, Mrinmaya Sachan, and Rada Mihalcea. 2024 · 2024
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Legalbench-rag: A benchmark for retrieval-augmented generation in the legal domain
Nicholas Pipitone and Ghita Houir Alami. 2024 · 2024
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Corban Rivera, Grayson Byrd, William Paul, Tyler Feldman, Meghan Booker, Emma Holmes, David Handelman, Bethany Kemp, Andrew Badger, Aurora Schmidt, and 1 others. 2024 · 2024
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Learning to use tools via cooperative and interactive agents
Zhengliang Shi, Shen Gao, Xiuyi Chen, Yue Feng, Lingyong Yan, Haibo Shi, Dawei Yin, Pengjie Ren, Suzan Verberne, and Zhaochun Ren. 2024 · 2024
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Practical considerations for agentic llm systems
Chris Sypherd and Vaishak Belle. 2024 · 2024
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A comprehensive survey of hallucination mitigation techniques in large language models
SM Tonmoy, SM Zaman, Vinija Jain, Anku Rani, Vipula Rawte, Aman Chadha, and Amitava Das. 2024 · 2024
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Autogen: Enabling next-gen llm applications via multi-agent conversation
Qingyun Wu, Gagan Bansal, Jieyu Zhang, Yiran Wu, Beibin Li, Erkang Zhu, Li Jiang, Xiaoyun Zhang, Shaokun Zhang, Jiale Liu, and 1 others. 2024 · 2024
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Travelplanner: A benchmark for real-world planning with language agents
Jian Xie, Kai Zhang, Jiangjie Chen, Tinghui Zhu, Renze Lou, Yuandong Tian, Yanghua Xiao, and Yu Su. 2024 · 2024
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To repeat or not to repeat: Insights from scaling llm under token-crisis
Fuzhao Xue, Yao Fu, Wangchunshu Zhou, Zangwei Zheng, and Yang You. 2024 · 2024
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Tree of thoughts: Deliberate problem solving with large language models
Shunyu Yao, Dian Yu, Jeffrey Zhao, Izhak Shafran, Tom Griffiths, Yuan Cao, and Karthik Narasimhan. 2024 · 2024
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Response length perception and sequence scheduling: An llm-empowered llm inference pipeline
Zangwei Zheng, Xiaozhe Ren, Fuzhao Xue, Yang Luo, Xin Jiang, and Yang You. 2024 · 2024
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Language agents as optimizable graphs
Mingchen Zhuge, Wenyi Wang, Louis Kirsch, Francesco Faccio, Dmitrii Khizbullin, and Jürgen Schmidhuber. 2024 · 2024
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Ai hospital: Benchmarking large language models in a multi-agent medical interaction simulator
Zhihao Fan, Lai Wei, Jialong Tang, Wei Chen, Wang Siyuan, Zhongyu Wei, and Fei Huang. 2025 · 2025
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Gemini: A family of highly capable multimodal models
GeminiTeam. 2025 · 2025
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Evoflow: Evolving diverse agentic workflows on the fly
Guibin Zhang, Kaijie Chen, Guancheng Wan, Heng Chang, Hong Cheng, Kun Wang, Shuyue Hu, and Lei Bai. 2025 · 2025
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