A Survey on the Applications of Zero-Knowledge Proofs

Understand

Zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) enable computational integrity and privacy by allowing one party to prove the truth of a statement without revealing underlying data.

• Compared with alternatives such as homomorphic encryption and secure multiparty computation, ZKPs offer distinct advantages in universality and minimal trust assumptions, with applications spanning blockchain systems and confidential verification of computational tasks.
• This survey provides a technical overview of ZKPs with a focus on an increasingly relevant subset called zkSNARKs.
• Unlike prior surveys emphasizing algorithmic and theoretical aspects, we take a broader view of practical deployments and recent use cases across multiple domains including blockchain privacy, scaling, storage, and interoperability, as well as non-blockchain applications such as voting, authentication, timelocks, and machine learning.