Calibrating Bayesian Tension Statistics using Neural Ratio Estimation

Understand

When fits of the same physical model to two different datasets disagree, we call this tension.

• Several apparent tensions in cosmology have occupied researchers in recent years, and a number of different metrics have been proposed to quantify tension.
• Many of these metrics suffer from limiting assumptions, and correctly calibrating these is essential if we want to successfully determine whether discrepancies are significant.
• A commonly used metric of tension is the evidence ratio R.