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Deploying LLM-based agents in real-life applications often faces a critical challenge: the misalignment between agents' behavior and user intent.
Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind?
David Premack and Guy Woodruff. 1978 · 1978
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On calibration of modern neural networks
Chuan Guo, Geoff Pleiss, Yu Sun, and Kilian Q. Weinberger. 2017 · 2017
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HotpotQA: A dataset for diverse, explainable multi-hop question answering
Zhilin Yang, Peng Qi, Saizheng Zhang, Yoshua Bengio, William Cohen, Ruslan Salakhutdinov, and Christopher D. Manning. 2018 · 2018
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How do you know that? automatic belief inferences in passing conversation
Paula Rubio-Fernández, Francis Mollica, Michelle Oraa Ali, and Edward Gibson. 2019 · 2019
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Addressing the long-term impact of ml decisions via policy regret
David Lindner, Hoda Heidari, and Andreas Krause. 2021 · 2021
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Refine and imitate: Reducing repetition and inconsistency in persuasion dialogues via reinforcement learning and human demonstration
Weiyan Shi, Yu Li, Saurav Sahay, and Zhou Yu. 2021 · 2021
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{ALFW}orld: Aligning text and embodied environments for interactive learning
Mohit Shridhar, Xingdi Yuan, Marc-Alexandre Cote, Yonatan Bisk, Adam Trischler, and Matthew Hausknecht. 2021 · 2021
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Language models (mostly) know what they know
Saurav Kadavath, Tom Conerly, Amanda Askell, Tom Henighan, Dawn Drain, Ethan Perez, Nicholas Schiefer, Zac Hatfield-Dodds, Nova DasSarma, Eli Tran-Johnson, et al. 2022 · 2022
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Memory-assisted prompt editing to improve GPT-3 after deployment
Aman Madaan, Niket Tandon, Peter Clark, and Yiming Yang. 2022 · 2022
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Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback
Long Ouyang, Jeffrey Wu, Xu Jiang, Diogo Almeida, Carroll Wainwright, Pamela Mishkin, Chong Zhang, Sandhini Agarwal, Katarina Slama, Alex Ray, et al. 2022 · 2022
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Learning to repair: Repairing model output errors after deployment using a dynamic memory of feedback
Niket Tandon, Aman Madaan, Peter Clark, and Yiming Yang. 2022 · 2022
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Reliable visual question answering: Abstain rather than answer incorrectly
Spencer Whitehead, Suzanne Petryk, Vedaad Shakib, Joseph Gonzalez, Trevor Darrell, Anna Rohrbach, and Marcus Rohrbach. 2022 · 2022
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Webshop: Towards scalable real-world web interaction with grounded language agents
Shunyu Yao, Howard Chen, John Yang, and Karthik Narasimhan. 2022 · 2022
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Josh Achiam, Steven Adler, Sandhini Agarwal, Lama Ahmad, Ilge Akkaya, Florencia Leoni Aleman, Diogo Almeida, Janko Altenschmidt, Sam Altman, Shyamal Anadkat, et al. 2023 · 2023
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Sparks of artificial general intelligence: Early experiments with gpt-4
Sébastien Bubeck, Varun Chandrasekaran, Ronen Eldan, Johannes Gehrke, Eric Horvitz, Ece Kamar, Peter Lee, Yin Tat Lee, Yuanzhi Li, Scott Lundberg, et al. 2023 · 2023
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Thilo Hagendorff. 2023 · 2023
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Human-like intuitive behavior and reasoning biases emerged in large language models but disappeared in chatgpt
Thilo Hagendorff, Sarah Fabi, and Michal Kosinski. 2023 · 2023
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Automatically auditing large language models via discrete optimization
Erik Jones, Anca Dragan, Aditi Raghunathan, and Jacob Steinhardt. 2023 · 2023
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Prospector: Improving llm agents with self-asking and trajectory ranking
Byoungjip Kim, Youngsoo Jang, Lajanugen Logeswaran, Geon-Hyeong Kim, Yu Jin Kim, Honglak Lee, and Moontae Lee. 2023a · 2023
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Language models can solve computer tasks
Geunwoo Kim, Pierre Baldi, and Stephen McAleer. 2023b · 2023
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Theory of mind might have spontaneously emerged in large language models
Michal Kosinski. 2023 · 2023
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Rlaif: Scaling reinforcement learning from human feedback with ai feedback
Harrison Lee, Samrat Phatale, Hassan Mansoor, Kellie Lu, Thomas Mesnard, Colton Bishop, Victor Carbune, and Abhinav Rastogi. 2023 · 2023
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Self-refine: Iterative refinement with self-feedback
Aman Madaan, Niket Tandon, Prakhar Gupta, Skyler Hallinan, Luyu Gao, Sarah Wiegreffe, Uri Alon, Nouha Dziri, Shrimai Prabhumoye, Yiming Yang, Shashank Gupta, Bodhisattwa Prasad Majumder, Katherine Hermann, Sean Welleck, Amir Yazdanbakhsh, and Peter Clark. 2023 · 2023
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Identifying the risks of LM agents with an LM-emulated sandbox
Yangjun Ruan, Honghua Dong, Andrew Wang, Silviu Pitis, Yongchao Zhou, Jimmy Ba, Yann Dubois, Chris J. Maddison, and Tatsunori Hashimoto. 2024 · 2024
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Clever hans or neural theory of mind? stress testing social reasoning in large language models
Natalie Shapira, Mosh Levy, Seyed Hossein Alavi, Xuhui Zhou, Yejin Choi, Yoav Goldberg, Maarten Sap, and Vered Shwartz. 2024 · 2024
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Trial and error: Exploration-based trajectory optimization for LLM agents
Yifan Song, Da Yin, Xiang Yue, Jie Huang, Sujian Li, and Bill Yuchen Lin. 2024 · 2024
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Testing theory of mind in large language models and humans
James W. A. Strachan, Dalila Albergo, Giulia Borghini, Oriana Pansardi, Eugenio Scaliti, Saurabh Gupta, Krati Saxena, Alessandro Rufo, Stefano Panzeri, Guido Manzi, Michael S A Graziano, and Cristina Becchio. 2024 · 2024
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Chen Qian, Yufan Dang, Jiahao Li, Wei Liu, Weize Chen, Cheng Yang, Zhiyuan Liu, and Maosong Sun. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Reflexion: language agents with verbal reinforcement learning
Noah Shinn, Federico Cassano, Ashwin Gopinath, Karthik Narasimhan, and Shunyu Yao. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Large language models fail on trivial alterations to theory-of-mind tasks
Tomer Ullman. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Self-consistency improves chain of thought reasoning in language models
Xuezhi Wang, Jason Wei, Dale Schuurmans, Quoc V Le, Ed H. Chi, Sharan Narang, Aakanksha Chowdhery, and Denny Zhou. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
React: Synergizing reasoning and acting in language models
Shunyu Yao, Jeffrey Zhao, Dian Yu, Nan Du, Izhak Shafran, Karthik R Narasimhan, and Yuan Cao. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Judging LLM-as-a-judge with MT-bench and chatbot arena
Lianmin Zheng, Wei-Lin Chiang, Ying Sheng, Siyuan Zhuang, Zhanghao Wu, Yonghao Zhuang, Zi Lin, Zhuohan Li, Dacheng Li, Eric Xing, Hao Zhang, Joseph E. Gonzalez, and Ion Stoica. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Llama 3 model card
AI@Meta. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Exploring the psychology of llms’ moral and legal reasoning
Guilherme FCF Almeida, José Luiz Nunes, Neele Engelmann, Alex Wiegmann, and Marcelo de Araújo. 2024 · 2024
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Xingyao Wang, Yangyi Chen, Lifan Yuan, Yizhe Zhang, Yunzhu Li, Hao Peng, and Heng Ji. 2024 · 2024
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Yangzhen Wu, Zhiqing Sun, Shanda Li, Sean Welleck, and Yiming Yang. 2024 · 2024
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Ai for social science and social science of ai: A survey
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Cops: Empowering llm agents with provable cross-task experience sharing
Chen Yang, Chenyang Zhao, Quanquan Gu, and Dongruo Zhou. 2024 · 2024
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Retroformer: Retrospective large language agents with policy gradient optimization
Weiran Yao, Shelby Heinecke, Juan Carlos Niebles, Zhiwei Liu, Yihao Feng, Le Xue, Rithesh R N, Zeyuan Chen, Jianguo Zhang, Devansh Arpit, Ran Xu, Phil L Mui, Huan Wang, Caiming Xiong, and Silvio Savarese. 2024 · 2024
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Jailbreak attacks and defenses against large language models: A survey
Sibo Yi, Yule Liu, Zhen Sun, Tianshuo Cong, Xinlei He, Jiaxing Song, Ke Xu, and Qi Li. 2024 · 2024
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R-judge: Benchmarking safety risk awareness for LLM agents
Tongxin Yuan, Zhiwei He, Lingzhong Dong, Yiming Wang, Ruijie Zhao, Tian Xia, Lizhen Xu, Binglin Zhou, Li Fangqi, Zhuosheng Zhang, Rui Wang, and Gongshen Liu. 2024 · 2024
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Expel: LLM agents are experiential learners
Andrew Zhao, Daniel Huang, Quentin Xu, Matthieu Lin, Yong-Jin Liu, and Gao Huang. 2024 · 2024
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GPT-4v(ision) is a generalist web agent, if grounded
Boyuan Zheng, Boyu Gou, Jihyung Kil, Huan Sun, and Yu Su. 2024 · 2024
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Better than your teacher: LLM agents that learn from privileged AI feedback
Sanjiban Choudhury and Paloma Sodhi. 2025 · 2025
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Learning to contextualize web pages for enhanced decision making by LLM agents
Dongjun Lee, Juyong Lee, Kyuyoung Kim, Jihoon Tack, Jinwoo Shin, Yee Whye Teh, and Kimin Lee. 2025 · 2025
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An Yang, Anfeng Li, Baosong Yang, Beichen Zhang, Binyuan Hui, Bo Zheng, Bowen Yu, Chang Gao, Chengen Huang, Chenxu Lv, et al. 2025 · 2025
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Rational decision-making agent with learning internal utility judgment
Yining Ye, Xin Cong, Shizuo Tian, Yujia Qin, Chong Liu, Yankai Lin, Zhiyuan Liu, and Maosong Sun. 2025 · 2025
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Dialogue learning with human teaching and feedback in end-to-end trainable task-oriented dialogue systems
Bing Liu, Gokhan Tür, Dilek Hakkani-Tür, Pararth Shah, and Larry Heck. 2018 · 2069
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