Scalable Networking of Neutral-Atom Qubits: Nanofiber-Based Approach for Multiprocessor Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computer

Understand

Neutral atoms are among the leading platforms toward realizing fault-tolerant quantum computation (FTQC).

• However, scaling up a single neutral-atom device beyond $\sim 10^4$ atoms to meet the demands of FTQC for practical applications remains a challenge.
• To overcome this challenge, we clarify the criteria and technological requirements for further scaling based on multiple neutral atom quantum processing units (QPUs) connected through photonic networking links.
• Our quantitative analysis shows that nanofiber optical cavities have the potential as an efficient atom-photon interface to enable fast entanglement generation between atoms in distinct neutral-atom modules, allowing multiple neutral-atom QPUs to operate cooperatively without sacrificing computational speed.