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The feedforward (FFW) layers in standard transformer architectures incur a linear increase in computational costs and activation memory as the hidden layer width grows.
Glu variants improve transformer, 2020
Noam Shazeer · 2002
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Deep learning of representations: Looking forward
Yoshua Bengio · 2013
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Low-rank approximations for conditional feedforward computation in deep neural networks
Andrew Davis and Itamar Arel · 2013
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Conditional computation in neural networks for faster models
Emmanuel Bengio, Pierre-Luc Bacon, Joelle Pineau, and Doina Precup · 2015
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Pointer sentinel mixture models, 2016
Stephen Merity, Caiming Xiong, James Bradbury, and Richard Socher · 2016
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The LAMBADA dataset: Word prediction requiring a broad discourse context
Denis Paperno, Germán Kruszewski, Angeliki Lazaridou, Ngoc Quan Pham, Raffaella Bernardi, Sandro Pezzelle, Marco Baroni, Gemma Boleda, and Raquel Fernández · 2016
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Expert gate: Lifelong learning with a network of experts
Rahaf Aljundi, Punarjay Chakravarty, and Tinne Tuytelaars · 2017
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Outrageously large neural networks: The sparsely-gated mixture-of-experts layer
Noam Shazeer, *Azalia Mirhoseini, *Krzysztof Maziarz, Andy Davis, Quoc Le, Geoffrey Hinton, and Jeff Dean · 2017
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The case for learned index structures
Tim Kraska, Alex Beutel, Ed H Chi, Jeffrey Dean, and Neoklis Polyzotis · 2018
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Never-ending learning
Tom Mitchell, William Cohen, Estevam Hruschka, Partha Talukdar, Bishan Yang, Justin Betteridge, Andrew Carlson, Bhavana Dalvi, Matt Gardner, Bryan Kisiel, et al · 2018
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Generalization through memorization: Nearest neighbor language models
Urvashi Khandelwal, Omer Levy, Dan Jurafsky, Luke Zettlemoyer, and Mike Lewis · 2019
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Large memory layers with product keys
Guillaume Lample, Alexandre Sablayrolles, Marc’Aurelio Ranzato, Ludovic Denoyer, and Hervé Jégou · 2019
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Curation corpus base, 2020
Curation · 2020
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The Pile: An 800gb dataset of diverse text for language modeling
Leo Gao, Stella Biderman, Sid Black, Laurence Golding, Travis Hoppe, Charles Foster, Jason Phang, Horace He, Anish Thite, Noa Nabeshima, Shawn Presser, and Connor Leahy · 2020
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Retrieval augmented language model pre-training
Kelvin Guu, Kenton Lee, Zora Tung, Panupong Pasupat, and Mingwei Chang · 2020
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Scaling laws for neural language models
Jared Kaplan, Sam McCandlish, Tom Henighan, Tom B Brown, Benjamin Chess, Rewon Child, Scott Gray, Alec Radford, Jeffrey Wu, and Dario Amodei · 2020
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Gshard: Scaling giant models with conditional computation and automatic sharding
Dmitry Lepikhin, HyoukJoong Lee, Yuanzhong Xu, Dehao Chen, Orhan Firat, Yanping Huang, Maxim Krikun, Noam Shazeer, and Zhifeng Chen · 2020
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AdaMix: Mixture-of-adaptations for parameter-efficient model tuning
Yaqing Wang, Sahaj Agarwal, Subhabrata Mukherjee, Xiaodong Liu, Jing Gao, Ahmed Hassan Awadallah, and Jianfeng Gao · 2022
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Mixture-of-experts with expert choice routing
Yanqi Zhou, Tao Lei, Hanxiao Liu, Nan Du, Yanping Huang, Vincent Zhao, Andrew M Dai, Quoc V Le, James Laudon, et al · 2022
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Peter Belcak and Roger Wattenhofer · 2023
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Lifelong language pretraining with distribution-specialized experts
Wuyang Chen, Yanqi Zhou, Nan Du, Yanping Huang, James Laudon, Zhifeng Chen, and Claire Cui · 2023
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Approximating two-layer feedforward networks for efficient transformers
Róbert Csordás, Kazuki Irie, and Jürgen Schmidhuber · 2023
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Colin Raffel, Noam Shazeer, Adam Roberts, Katherine Lee, Sharan Narang, Michael Matena, Yanqi Zhou, Wei Li, and Peter J Liu · 2020
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Transformer feed-forward layers are key-value memories
Mor Geva, Roei Schuster, Jonathan Berant, and Omer Levy · 2021
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Minimalist implementation of a product-key memory layer
Guillaume Lample, Alexandre Sablayrolles, Marc’Aurelio Ranzato, Ludovic Denoyer, and Hervé Jégou · 2021
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Hash layers for large sparse models
Stephen Roller, Sainbayar Sukhbaatar, Jason Weston, et al · 2021
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Unified scaling laws for routed language models
Aidan Clark, Diego De Las Casas, Aurelia Guy, Arthur Mensch, Michela Paganini, Jordan Hoffmann, Bogdan Damoc, Blake Hechtman, Trevor Cai, Sebastian Borgeaud, et al · 2022
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Knowledge neurons in pretrained transformers
Damai Dai, Li Dong, Yaru Hao, Zhifang Sui, Baobao Chang, and Furu Wei · 2022
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GLaM: Efficient scaling of language models with mixture-of-experts
Nan Du, Yanping Huang, Andrew M Dai, Simon Tong, Dmitry Lepikhin, Yuanzhong Xu, Maxim Krikun, Yanqi Zhou, Adams Wei Yu, Orhan Firat, Barret Zoph, Liam Fedus, Maarten P Bosma, Zongwei Zhou, Tao Wang, Emma Wang, Kellie Webster, Marie Pellat, Kevin Robinson, Kathleen Meier-Hellstern, Toju Duke, Lucas Dixon, Kun Zhang, Quoc Le, Yonghui Wu, Zhifeng Chen, and Claire Cui · 2022
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Switch transformers: Scaling to trillion parameter models with simple and efficient sparsity
William Fedus, Barret Zoph, and Noam Shazeer · 2022
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On the benefits of learning to route in mixture-of-experts models
Nishanth Dikkala, Nikhil Ghosh, Raghu Meka, Rina Panigrahy, Nikhil Vyas, and Xin Wang · 2023
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Memory augmented language models through mixture of word experts, 2023
Cicero Nogueira dos Santos, James Lee-Thorp, Isaac Noble, Chung-Ching Chang, and David Uthus · 2023
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Retrieval-augmented generation for large language models: A survey
Yunfan Gao, Yun Xiong, Xinyu Gao, Kangxiang Jia, Jinliu Pan, Yuxi Bi, Yi Dai, Jiawei Sun, and Haofen Wang · 2023
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Knowledge graph-augmented language models for knowledge-grounded dialogue generation
Minki Kang, Jin Myung Kwak, Jinheon Baek, and Sung Ju Hwang · 2023
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Scaling laws for fine-grained mixture of experts
Jakub Krajewski, Jan Ludziejewski, Kamil Adamczewski, Maciej Pióro, Michał Krutul, Szymon Antoniak, Kamil Ciebiera, Krystian Król, Tomasz Odrzygóźdź, Piotr Sankowski, et al · 2024
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Theory on mixture-of-experts in continual learning, 2024
Hongbo Li, Sen Lin, Lingjie Duan, Yingbin Liang, and Ness B. Shroff · 2024
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Boosting continual learning of vision-language models via mixture-of-experts adapters
Jiazuo Yu, Yunzhi Zhuge, Lu Zhang, Ping Hu, Dong Wang, Huchuan Lu, and You He · 2024
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Pushing mixture of experts to the limit: Extremely parameter efficient moe for instruction tuning
Ted Zadouri, Ahmet Üstün, Arash Ahmadian, Beyza Ermis, Acyr Locatelli, and Sara Hooker · 2024
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