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Large Language Models (LLMs) perpetuate social biases, reflecting prejudices in their training data and reinforcing societal stereotypes and inequalities.
The nature of prejudice
Gordon Willard Allport, Kenneth Clark, and Thomas Pettigrew. 1954 · 1954
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The extended contact effect: Knowledge of cross-group friendships and prejudice
Stephen C. Wright, Arthur Aron, Tracy McLaughlin-Volpe, and Stacy A. Ropp. 1997 · 1997
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The contact hypothesis reconsidered: Interacting via the internet
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Semantics derived automatically from language corpora contain human-like biases
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The “contact hypothesis”: Critical reflections and future directions
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Mind vs. mouth: On measuring re-judge inconsistency of social bias in large language models
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Mitigating unwanted biases with adversarial learning
B. Zhang, Blake Lemoine, and Margaret Mitchell. 2018 · 2018
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Gender bias in coreference resolution: Evaluation and debiasing methods
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Mitigating gender bias in natural language processing: Literature review
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Detecting emergent intersectional biases: Contextualized word embeddings contain a distribution of human-like biases
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Katelyn Mei, Sonia Fereidooni, and Aylin Caliskan. 2023 · 2023
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Llama 2: Open foundation and fine-tuned chat models
Hugo Touvron, Louis Martin, Kevin R. Stone, Peter Albert, Amjad Almahairi, Yasmine Babaei, Nikolay Bashlykov, Soumya Batra, Prajjwal Bhargava, Shruti Bhosale, Daniel M. Bikel, Lukas Blecher, Cristian Cantón Ferrer, Moya Chen, Guillem Cucurull, David Esiobu, Jude Fernandes, Jeremy Fu, Wenyin Fu, Brian Fuller, Cynthia Gao, Vedanuj Goswami, Naman Goyal, Anthony S. Hartshorn, Saghar Hosseini, Rui Hou, Hakan Inan, Marcin Kardas, Viktor Kerkez, Madian Khabsa, Isabel M. Kloumann, A. V. Korenev, Punit Singh Koura, Marie-Anne Lachaux, Thibaut Lavril, Jenya Lee, Diana Liskovich, Yinghai Lu, Yuning Mao, Xavier Martinet, Todor Mihaylov, Pushkar Mishra, Igor Molybog, Yixin Nie, Andrew Poulton, Jeremy Reizenstein, Rashi Rungta, Kalyan Saladi, Alan Schelten, Ruan Silva, Eric Michael Smith, R. Subramanian, Xia Tan, Binh Tang, Ross Taylor, Adina Williams, Jian Xiang Kuan, Puxin Xu, Zhengxu Yan, Iliyan Zarov, Yuchen Zhang, Angela Fan, Melanie Kambadur, Sharan Narang, Aurelien Rodriguez, Robert Stojnic, Sergey Edunov, and Thomas Scialom. 2023 · 2023
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“kelly is a warm person, joseph is a role model”: Gender biases in LLM-generated reference letters
Yixin Wan, George Pu, Jiao Sun, Aparna Garimella, Kai-Wei Chang, and Nanyun Peng. 2023 · 2023
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How far can camels go? exploring the state of instruction tuning on open resources
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“I’m sorry to hear that”: Finding new biases in language models with a holistic descriptor dataset
Eric Michael Smith, Melissa Hall, Melanie Kambadur, Eleonora Presani, and Adina Williams. 2022 · 2022
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A group fairness lens for large language models
Guanqun Bi, Lei Shen, Yuqiang Xie, Yanan Cao, Tiangang Zhu, and Xiaodong He. 2023 · 2023
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Gptbias: A comprehensive framework for evaluating bias in large language models
Jiaxu Zhao, Meng Fang, Shirui Pan, Wenpeng Yin, and Mykola Pechenizkiy. 2023a
Cited in the paper.
Yizhong Wang, Hamish Ivison, Pradeep Dasigi, Jack Hessel, Tushar Khot, Khyathi Raghavi Chandu, David Wadden, Kelsey MacMillan, Noah A. Smith, Iz Beltagy, and Hannaneh Hajishirzi. 2023 · 2023
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Measuring implicit bias in explicitly unbiased large language models
Xuechunzi Bai, Angelina Wang, Ilia Sucholutsky, and Thomas L. Griffiths. 2024 · 2024
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Evaluating gender bias in large language models via chain-of-thought prompting
Masahiro Kaneko, Danushka Bollegala, Naoaki Okazaki, and Timothy Baldwin. 2024 · 2024
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BBQ: A hand-built bias benchmark for question answering
Alicia Parrish, Angelica Chen, Nikita Nangia, Vishakh Padmakumar, Jason Phang, Jana Thompson, Phu Mon Htut, and Samuel Bowman. 2022 · 2086
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