Challenges to the Lambda CDM Cosmology

Understand

Observations of the cosmic microwave backgroundradiation are described to remarkable accuracy by the six-parameterLambda CDM cosmology.

• However, the key ingredients of this model, namely dark matter, dark energy and cosmic inflation are not understood at a fundamental level.
• It is therefore important to investigate tensions between the CMB and other cosmological probes.
• I will review aspects of tensions with direct measurements of the Hubble constant H_0, measurements of weak gravitational lensing, and the recent hints of evolving dark energy reported by the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) collaboration.