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Training modern LLMs is extremely resource intensive, and customizing them for various deployment scenarios characterized by limited compute and memory resources through repeated training is impractical.
The LAMBADA dataset: Word prediction requiring a broad discourse context
Paperno, D., Kruszewski, G., Lazaridou, A., Pham, N. Q., Bernardi, R., Pezzelle, S., Baroni, M., Boleda, G., and Fernandez, R · 2016
Earlier work this paper cites.
Think you have solved question answering? try arc, the ai2 reasoning challenge
Clark, P., Cowhey, I., Etzioni, O., Khot, T., Sabharwal, A., Schoenick, C., and Tafjord, O · 2018
Earlier work this paper cites.
Yu, J., Yang, L., Xu, N., Yang, J., and Huang, T · 2018
Earlier work this paper cites.
Once-for-all: Train one network and specialize it for efficient deployment
Cai, H., Gan, C., Wang, T., Zhang, Z., and Han, S · 2019
Earlier work this paper cites.
Nemo: a toolkit for building ai applications using neural modules
Kuchaiev, O., Li, J., Nguyen, H., Hrinchuk, O., Leary, R., Ginsburg, B., Kriman, S., Beliaev, S., Lavrukhin, V., Cook, J., et al · 2019
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Megatron-LM: Training multi-billion parameter language models using model parallelism
Shoeybi, M., Patwary, M., Puri, R., LeGresley, P., Casper, J., and Catanzaro, B · 2019
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Single-path nas: Designing hardware-efficient convnets in less than 4 hours
Stamoulis, D., Ding, R., Wang, D., Lymberopoulos, D., Priyantha, B., Liu, J., and Marculescu, D · 2019
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Universally slimmable networks and improved training techniques
Yu, J. and Huang, T. S · 2019
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Hellaswag: Can a machine really finish your sentence?
Zellers, R., Holtzman, A., Bisk, Y., Farhadi, A., and Choi, Y · 2019
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Piqa: Reasoning about physical commonsense in natural language
Bisk, Y., Zellers, R., Bras, R. L., Gao, J., and Choi, Y · 2020
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Language models are few-shot learners
Brown, T., Mann, B., Ryder, N., Subbiah, M., Kaplan, J. D., Dhariwal, P., Neelakantan, A., Shyam, P., Sastry, G., Askell, A., et al · 2020
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The Pile: An 800gb dataset of diverse text for language modeling
Gao, L., Biderman, S., Black, S., Golding, L., Hoppe, T., Foster, C., Phang, J., He, H., Thite, A., Nabeshima, N., Presser, S., and Leahy, C · 2020
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Measuring massive multitask language understanding
Hendrycks, D., Burns, C., Basart, S., Zou, A., Mazeika, M., Song, D., and Steinhardt, J · 2020
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Scaling laws for neural language models
Kaplan, J., McCandlish, S., Henighan, T., Brown, T. B., Chess, B., Child, R., Gray, S., Radford, A., Wu, J., and Amodei, D · 2020
Earlier work this paper cites.
Hat: Hardware-aware transformers for efficient natural language processing
Wang, H., Wu, Z., Liu, Z., Cai, H., Zhu, L., Gan, C., and Han, S · 2020
Earlier work this paper cites.
Introducing Pathways: A next-generation AI architecture
Dean, J · 2021
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Dynamic slimmable network
Li, C., Wang, G., Wang, B., Liang, X., Li, Z., and Chang, X · 2021
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Accelerating sparse deep neural networks
Mishra, A., Latorre, J. A., Pool, J., Stosic, D., Stosic, D., Venkatesh, G., Yu, C., and Micikevicius, P · 2021
Cited alongside, same era.
DynamicViT: Efficient vision transformers with dynamic token sparsification
Rao, Y., Zhao, W., Liu, B., Lu, J., Zhou, J., and Hsieh, C.-J · 2021
Cited alongside, same era.
Scaling vision with sparse mixture of experts
Riquelme, C., Puigcerver, J., Mustafa, B., Neumann, M., Jenatton, R., Susano Pinto, A., Keysers, D., and Houlsby, N · 2021
Cited alongside, same era.
Winogrande: An adversarial winograd schema challenge at scale
Sakaguchi, K., Bras, R. L., Bhagavatula, C., and Choi, Y · 2021
Cited alongside, same era.
Autoformer: Decomposition transformers with auto-correlation for long-term series forecasting
Wu, H., Xu, J., Wang, J., and Long, M · 2021
Cited alongside, same era.
Openllama: An open reproduction of llama, May 2023
Geng, X. and Liu, H · 2023
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Compresso: Structured pruning with collaborative prompting learns compact large language models
Guo, S., Xu, J., Zhang, L. L., and Yang, M · 2023
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Matformer: Nested transformer for elastic inference
Kudugunta, S., Kusupati, A., Dettmers, T., Chen, K., Dhillon, I., Tsvetkov, Y., Hajishirzi, H., Kakade, S., Farhadi, A., Jain, P., et al · 2023
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Awq: Activation-aware weight quantization for llm compression and acceleration
Lin, J., Tang, J., Tang, H., Yang, S., Dang, X., and Han, S · 2023
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Llm-pruner: On the structural pruning of large language models
Ma, X., Fang, G., and Wang, X · 2023
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On the representation collapse of sparse mixture of experts
Chi, Z., Dong, L., Huang, S., Dai, D., Ma, S., Patra, B., Singhal, S., Bajaj, P., Song, X., Mao, X.-L., et al · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Switch transformers: Scaling to trillion parameter models with simple and efficient sparsity
Fedus, W., Zoph, B., and Shazeer, N · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Gptq: Accurate post-training quantization for generative pre-trained transformers
Frantar, E., Ashkboos, S., Hoefler, T., and Alistarh, D · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Training compute-optimal large language models
Hoffmann, J., Borgeaud, S., Mensch, A., Buchatskaya, E., Cai, T., Rutherford, E., Casas, D. d. L., Hendricks, L. A., Welbl, J., Clark, A., et al · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Matryoshka representation learning
Kusupati, A., Bhatt, G., Rege, A., Wallingford, M., Sinha, A., Ramanujan, V., Howard-Snyder, W., Chen, K., Kakade, S., Jain, P., et al · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Branch-train-merge: Embarrassingly parallel training of expert language models
Li, M., Gururangan, S., Dettmers, T., Lewis, M., Althoff, T., Smith, N. A., and Zettlemoyer, L · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Chain-of-thought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models
Wei, J., Wang, X., Schuurmans, D., Bosma, M., Xia, F., Chi, E., Le, Q. V., Zhou, D., et al · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
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Tensorrt-llm: A tensorrt toolbox for optimized large language model inference, 2023
NVIDIA · 2023
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Gpt-4 technical report, 2023
OpenAI, :, Achiam, J., Adler, S., Agarwal, S., Ahmad, L., Akkaya, I., Aleman, F. L., Almeida, D., Altenschmidt, J., Altman, S., Anadkat, S., Avila, R., Babuschkin, I., Balaji, S., Balcom, V., Baltescu, P., Bao, H., Bavarian, M., Belgum, J., Bello, I., Berdine, J., Bernadett-Shapiro, G., Berner, C., Bogdonoff, L., Boiko, O., Boyd, M., Brakman, A.-L., Brockman, G., Brooks, T., Brundage, M., Button, K., Cai, T., Campbell, R., Cann, A., Carey, B., Carlson, C., Carmichael, R., Chan, B., Chang, C., Chantzis, F., Chen, D., Chen, S., Chen, R., Chen, J., Chen, M., Chess, B., Cho, C., Chu, C., Chung, H. W., Cummings, D., Currier, J., Dai, Y., Decareaux, C., Degry, T., Deutsch, N., Deville, D., Dhar, A., Dohan, D., Dowling, S., Dunning, S., Ecoffet, A., Eleti, A., Eloundou, T., Farhi, D., Fedus, L., Felix, N., Fishman, S. P., Forte, J., Fulford, I., Gao, L., Georges, E., Gibson, C., Goel, V., Gogineni, T., Goh, G., Gontijo-Lopes, R., Gordon, J., Grafstein, M., Gray, S., Greene, R., Gross, J., Gu, S. S., Guo, Y., Hallacy, C., Han, J., Harris, J., He, Y., Heaton, M., Heidecke, J., Hesse, C., Hickey, A., Hickey, W., Hoeschele, P., Houghton, B., Hsu, K., Hu, S., Hu, X., Huizinga, J., Jain, S., Jain, S., Jang, J., Jiang, A., Jiang, R., Jin, H., Jin, D., Jomoto, S., Jonn, B., Jun, H., Kaftan, T., Łukasz Kaiser, Kamali, A., Kanitscheider, I., Keskar, N. S., Khan, T., Kilpatrick, L., Kim, J. W., Kim, C., Kim, Y., Kirchner, H., Kiros, J., Knight, M., Kokotajlo, D., Łukasz Kondraciuk, Kondrich, A., Konstantinidis, A., Kosic, K., Krueger, G., Kuo, V., Lampe, M., Lan, I., Lee, T., Leike, J., Leung, J., Levy, D., Li, C. M., Lim, R., Lin, M., Lin, S., Litwin, M., Lopez, T., Lowe, R., Lue, P., Makanju, A., Malfacini, K., Manning, S., Markov, T., Markovski, Y., Martin, B., Mayer, K., Mayne, A., McGrew, B., McKinney, S. M., McLeavey, C., McMillan, P., McNeil, J., Medina, D., Mehta, A., Menick, J., Metz, L., Mishchenko, A., Mishkin, P., Monaco, V., Morikawa, E., Mossing, D., Mu, T., Murati, M., Murk, O., Mély, D., Nair, A., Nakano, R., Nayak, R., Neelakantan, A., Ngo, R., Noh, H., Ouyang, L., O’Keefe, C., Pachocki, J., Paino, A., Palermo, J., Pantuliano, A., Parascandolo, G., Parish, J., Parparita, E., Passos, A., Pavlov, M., Peng, A., Perelman, A., de Avila Belbute Peres, F., Petrov, M., de Oliveira Pinto, H. P., Michael, Pokorny, Pokrass, M., Pong, V., Powell, T., Power, A., Power, B., Proehl, E., Puri, R., Radford, A., Rae, J., Ramesh, A., Raymond, C., Real, F., Rimbach, K., Ross, C., Rotsted, B., Roussez, H., Ryder, N., Saltarelli, M., Sanders, T., Santurkar, S., Sastry, G., Schmidt, H., Schnurr, D., Schulman, J., Selsam, D., Sheppard, K., Sherbakov, T., Shieh, J., Shoker, S., Shyam, P., Sidor, S., Sigler, E., Simens, M., Sitkin, J., Slama, K., Sohl, I., Sokolowsky, B., Song, Y., Staudacher, N., Such, F. P., Summers, N., Sutskever, I., Tang, J., Tezak, N., Thompson, M., Tillet, P., Tootoonchian, A., Tseng, E., Tuggle, P., Turley, N., Tworek, J., Uribe, J. F. C., Vallone, A., Vijayvergiya, A., Voss, C., Wainwright, C., Wang, J. J., Wang, A., Wang, B., Ward, J., Wei, J., Weinmann, C., Welihinda, A., Welinder, P., Weng, J., Weng, L., Wiethoff, M., Willner, D., Winter, C., Wolrich, S., Wong, H., Workman, L., Wu, S., Wu, J., Wu, M., Xiao, K., Xu, T., Yoo, S., Yu, K., Yuan, Q., Zaremba, W., Zellers, R., Zhang, C., Zhang, M., Zhao, S., Zheng, T., Zhuang, J., Zhuk, W., and Zoph, B · 2023
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Llama 2: Open foundation and fine-tuned chat models
Touvron, H., Martin, L., Stone, K., Albert, P., Almahairi, A., Babaei, Y., Bashlykov, N., Batra, S., Bhargava, P., Bhosale, S., et al · 2023
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Valipour, M., Rezagholizadeh, M., Rajabzadeh, H., Tahaei, M., Chen, B., and Ghodsi, A · 2023
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Sheared llama: Accelerating language model pre-training via structured pruning
Xia, M., Gao, T., Zeng, Z., and Chen, D · 2023
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Global vision transformer pruning with hessian-aware saliency
Yang, H., Yin, H., Shen, M., Molchanov, P., Li, H., and Kautz, J · 2023
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Robust mixture-of-expert training for convolutional neural networks
Zhang, Y., Cai, R., Chen, T., Zhang, G., Zhang, H., Chen, P.-Y., Chang, S., Wang, Z., and Liu, S · 2023
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Slicegpt: Compress large language models by deleting rows and columns
Ashkboos, S., Croci, M. L., Nascimento, M. G. d., Hoefler, T., and Hensman, J · 2024
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Jiang, A. Q., Sablayrolles, A., Roux, A., Mensch, A., Savary, B., Bamford, C., Chaplot, D. S., Casas, D. d. l., Hanna, E. B., Bressand, F., et al · 2024
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Nemotron-4 15b technical report
Parmar, J., Prabhumoye, S., Jennings, J., Patwary, M., Subramanian, S., Su, D., Zhu, C., Narayanan, D., Jhunjhunwala, A., Dattagupta, A., et al · 2024
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Laco: Large language model pruning via layer collapse
Yang, Y., Cao, Z., and Zhao, H · 2024
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